<研究ノート> 過去に対する自己肯定感尺度作成の試み

人間は、過去、現在、未来という時間軸とその広がりの中で、自己を捉えることが可能である。さらに、過去や現在、未来をいかに捉えるかによって、自己評価や将来展望などが変化する。これまでの時間的展望に関する研究では、主に現在から未来に視点を向けた研究が中心であり、過去に対する視点の研究が少なかった。その一方で、過去のとらえ方と精神的健康との関係では、主に自己受容に関する研究から行われてきた。しかし、人間は、自分の過去についてすべて自己受容できなくとも、人は前向きに生きることができるのではないだろうか。また、過去の自分の至らない点を振り返りながら、現在の自分とを比較することで、自己成長を認識することもあるだろう。そこで、本研究では、過去に対する自己肯定感尺度の開発を試みることにした。その結果、過去に対する自己肯定感尺度は、主成分分析から1因子構造にまとまり、α=.829 と高い信頼性が確認された。時間的展望体験尺度との関係からは、基準関連妥当性も確認され、概ね実用可能であると判断された

Farber's disease (disseminated lipogranulomatosis): the first case reported in Japan.

We report the first case in Japan, i.e., the first case among oriental subject of Farber's disease. This is a rare disorder of lipid metabolism in infancy subsequent to a genetically-determined defect in ceramide degradation. Main features are characterized clinically by hoarseness, joint swelling, subcutaneous nodules and retarded psychomotor development. Lipid analysis and pathological investigation on the material obtained from a subcutaneous nodule confirmed clearly the presence of ceramide and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies characteristic for Farber's disease. In this case, we experienced also corneal opacity and striking abnormalities in electroencephalogram, which have apparently not been noticed in the 17 cases hitherto reported.</p

日本語リメディアル教育 : 日本語文章能力開発演習の試行と成果の検証

近年、日本の大学生の学力低下が問題となり、大学生であるにもかかわらず高校程度の内容の復習から学習を始めざるを得ないという状況がある。さらに今後も日本社会の少子化や、それに伴う入学選抜試験の多様化等により大学生のリメディアル教育が必要となってくることが考えられる。そこで本稿では全ての学力の基礎となる日本語の効果的なリメディアル教育を行うための基礎的な手がかりを得るため、理系の大学での日本語リメディアルの実験授業を行い、リメディアル教育の効果的な方法について検証した。実験授業は理系の大学で3ヶ月行い、受験勉強的な問題を系統的に学習するドリル型コースと楽しく学んでもらうことを目指したアクティビティ型コースの2コースを実施した。これら2コースと授業を受けない統制群とでプリテストとポストテストを実施し成果を比較した。テストは受験用読解問題方式のリーディングテストと、簡単な指示で短い作文を書くライティングテストを行った。この結果、リーディングテストではドリル型コースでプリテストとポストテストで有意差が見られ成果が確認されたが、ライティングテストではアクティビティ型コースで顕著な成果が見られた。リーディングは3ヶ月程度の短期間ではわずかの伸びしか見られなかったが、ライティングは学習者の気づきを促し、動機を高めることができれば短期間でも効果が得られることがわかった。また、今後コンピュータを使ってのリメディアル教育の可能性もあるが、実験授業ではメンターの存在が学習者にとって重要であったことがわかったことから、コンピュータを導入する場合でも適当な指導者の指導が必要であると言える。Recently some Japanese universities and colleges experience problems with students who have a low level of Japanese language ability, especially in reading and writing. This paper reports the results obtained from experimental lessons at a university of engineering in order to provide information on the efficiency of Japanese remedial courses. Each student takes either of the two types of experimental lesson courses. These are the Drill Course, which involves ordinary drills mainly in reading, and the Activity Course, involving word-game-type tasks, including short writing assignments. Comparing the results of tests before and after the experimental lesson courses shows that the Drill Course is effective in improving the performance of reading tasks, while the Activity Course is highly effective in the performance of writing tasks but not for reading tasks. It is suggested that the improved performance of writing tasks can be developed in a rather short period, provided that the program can promote the participants1 awareness and motivation. It is also shown that mentors played pivotal roles in the lessons, and that advisors would probably necessary in case of computer-assisted-learning

トクシマケン イシカイ トウニョウビョウ タイサクハン ダイ1ジ ダイ2ジ カツドウ ノ セイカ

Objective : The effectiveness of diabetes prevention programs for the general population in Tokushima Prefecture was investigated. The programs were designed by Tokushima Medical Association’ s（TMA’s）Steering Committee for Diabetes Prevention. Research design and methods : The committee promoted diabetes prevention by disseminating educational messages on diabetes to the general public and medical care providers, and establishing a referral system among public health centers and medical institutes throughout Tokushima Prefecture during the period from ２００４ to ２００９. The outcome of these activities were evaluated by analyzing data from the Prefectural Health and Nutrition Survey in Tokushima conducted in１９９７（n＝ ９９８）,２００３ （n＝１００８） and ２０１０ （n＝１１３０）, and then comparing these results with those of the national survey at the corresponding times. Results : The percentage of subjects with glucose intolerance at the time of initiation of the prevention program in Tokushima tended to increase from １９９７ to ２００３, but was slightly decreased in ２０１０, although the differences were not statistically significant. However, the percentage of subjects with glucose intolerance was significantly increased throughout Japan during the same period. Obesity parameters, physical activity evaluated by the number of steps and the average total energy intake changed favorably in parallel with changes in the prevalence of diabetes during the study period in Tokushima. Conclusion : The diabetes prevention programs initiated by the TMA’s committee may be useful in ameliorating the situation of diabetes in Tokushima Prefecture

Changes of Bovine κ-Casein Stored in Various Solutions (Agricultural Chemistry)

UHT滅菌乳の変質改良のための基礎データの蓄積, あるいは, 乳たん白質の保存特性の解明を目的として, 14種類の水溶液中に牛乳κ-カゼインを保存し, 保存によるκ-カゼインの諸性質の変化を検討した。即ち, 10% glucose水溶液, 10% lactose水溶液, 10% maltose水溶液, 10% sucrose水溶液, 2% NaCl水溶液, 2% glycine水溶液, 蒸留水, 10% glucose-4.5M urea, 10% lactose-4.5M urea, 10% maltose-4.5M urea, 10% sucrose-4.5M urea, 2% NaCl-4.5M urea, 2% glycine-4.5M urea, 4.5M ureaの各溶液に, κ-カゼインを0.25%(w/v)となるように溶解し, それらを5℃で保存した。κ-カゼインの保存状態を, α_-カゼイン安定化能, 4.5M尿素を含むディスクゲル電気泳動, セファアクリルS-300ゲルロ過クロマトグラフィー, フリーアミノ基およびスルフヒドリル基の定量によって検討した。α_-カゼイン安定化能は, 経時的に低下した。10% maltose水溶液中, 6ケ月保存では70.2%の安定化能を示したが, sucrose溶液中では沈殿が生じた。ゲル電気泳動では, κ-カゼインの分解と高分子化が同時進行していることが示唆された。一方, ゲルロ過クロマトグラフィーでは, 尿素を含まない保存液の場合は, ほとんど変化は観察されず, 尿素存在下保存の場合は, self-association能の低下が観察された。κ-カゼインの分解や高分子化は, フリーアミノ基およびスルフヒドリル基の定量から, 交互に進行し, アミノカルボニル反応やジスルフィド結合によるものと考えられた。Changes of bovine κ-casein stored in various solutions were followed by the stabilizing ability test for α_-casein in the presence of calcium ion, disc gel electrophoresis containing 4.5M urea, Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration chromatography, the determinations of free amino group and sulfhydryl group for the sake of accumulating the fundamental data for the improvement of denaturation of ultra high temperature sterilized milk and making clear the preservative characteristics of milk proteins. κ-Casein was stored at 5℃ as the solution dissolved in the following solutions; 10% glucose, 10% lactose, 10% maltose, 10% sucrose, 2% NaCl, 2% glycine, distilled water, 10% glucose-4.5M urea, 10% lactose-4.5M urea, 10% maltose-4.5M urea, 10% sucrose-4.5M urea, 2% NaCl-4.5M urea, 2% glycine-4.5M urea and 4.5M urea. The stabilizing ability was lost with the passage of time. κ-Casein stored in 10% maltose solution for 6 monthes had 70.2% of stabilizing ability, while 10% sucrose for 5 monthes began to precipitate. The results of electrophoreses indicated that the hydrolysis and polymerization of κ-casein progress at the same time. The lowering of self-asscoiation ability was observed by the gel chromatography of κ-casein stored in solutions containing urea. It was considered that the polymerization of κ-casein was due to the disulfide bond and the amino-carbonyl reaction

各種保存条件下での牛乳κ-カゼインの変化(農芸化学部門)

UHT滅菌乳の長期貯蔵による沈殿生成やゲル化の機構を解明する予備実験として, 牛乳κ-カゼインの各種保存条件下における変化を, 安定化能, 4.5M尿素を含むディスクおよびSDS-ポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動により検討した。保存条件としては, 温度-20,4,25℃で, 溶液(70mM KCIを含む10mMイミダゾール塩酸緩衝液pH7.1,4.5M尿素, 蒸留水, 濃度はいずれも10mg/ml)中または, 凍結乾燥標品の12種を設定し, 1,3,5,7ケ月間の保存状態を検討した。-20℃では, ほとんど変化せず, いずれも保存状態は良好であった。4℃では, 4.5M尿素中および凍結乾燥品での保存が良かった。また, 25℃では, 凍結乾燥保存を除き, 全般的に保存性は悪かった。両電気泳動の結果から, 長期保存によってκ-カゼインは高分子化や分解が進んでいることが明らかとなり, 同時に, それらの進行と安定化能の低下との間に相関が認められた。The formation of precipitate and the gelation of ultra high-temperature sterilized milk have been observed during the long storage. As the preliminaly experiments to make clear the mechanism of these phenomena, the effects of various preservative conditions on bovine κ-casein were investigated by the stabilizing ability test for α_-casein in the presence of calcium ion, disc gel electrophoresis containing 4.5M urea and sodium dodecylsufate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. κ-Casein was stored at -20°, 4°and 25℃ as the solution dissolved in 10mM imidazole-HCl-70mM KCl buffer (pH7.1), 4.5M urea and distilled water and as the lyophilized material for 1,3,5 and 7 months. When κ-casein was stored at -20℃ at various states, the stabilizing ability was maintained and the behaviors on both electrophoreses were not different from those of native one, though the samples at 25℃ lost the ability quickly. The preservation at 4℃ in 4.5M urea solution did not affect on the properties of κ-casein. The lyophilized material was stable at every tested temperatures through the experimental period. It was considered that the loss of stablizing ability of κ-casein was due to the polymerization and the degradation from the results of disc and SDS gel electrophoreses

<Original>Studies on Hemicelluloses in Tension Wood : I. Chemical Composition of Tension, Opposite and Side Woods of Japanese Beech (Fagus crenata Blume)

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。Three different types of woods, tension, opposite and side woods, were isolated from Fagus crenata Blume and their anatomical and chemical properties were compared. Tension wood was composed of well developed gelatinous fibers and was characteristic in its low lignin and pentosan contents as well as its high ash, alpha-cellulose and uronic acid contents. Carbohydrate portion of tension wood has been found to be peculiar in that tension wood contains the highest amount of galactose in contrast to the lowest amount of mannose among three types of wood. Each wood was further subjected to sequential fractional extractions. The peculiarity of the chemical composition of the tension wood reflected the differences in the carbohydrate compositions of the extracted hemicelluloses. In analysing the molecular weight distribution of the extracted hemicelluloses by gel nitration on Sepharose 4B, it has been found that all components included in the gel matrices have quite similar molecular weights in spite of the differences in the carbohydrate compositions. These results may give a clue in ellucidation of the distribution and function of hemicelluloses in wood