Potent and broad HIV-neutralizing antibodies in memory B cells and plasma

Induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is a goal of HIV-1 vaccine development. Antibody 10E8, reactive with the distal portion of the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of HIV-1 gp41, is broadly neutralizing. However, the ontogeny of distal MPER antibodies and the relationship of memory B cell to plasma bnAbs are poorly understood. HIV-1–specific memory B cell flow sorting and proteomic identification of anti-MPER plasma antibodies from an HIV-1–infected individual were used to isolate broadly neutralizing distal MPER bnAbs of the same B cell clonal lineage. Structural analysis demonstrated that antibodies from memory B cells and plasma recognized the envelope gp41 bnAb epitope in a distinct orientation compared with other distal MPER bnAbs. The unmutated common ancestor of this distal MPER bnAb was autoreactive, suggesting lineage immune tolerance control. Construction of chimeric antibodies of memory B cell and plasma antibodies yielded a bnAb that potently neutralized most HIV-1 strains

Technical advances in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fiducial placement for the treatment of pancreatic cancer

Contains fulltext : 152782.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Radiation therapy has an important role in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer and can be used alone or in conjunction with surgery and/or systemic chemotherapy. Because of the challenge of delivering an accurate and optimal radiation dose, image-guided radiation therapy can be used to improve targeting. Fiducial markers can be placed in the tumor and used for localization in patients undergoing image-guided radiation therapy. The safety and feasibility of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided placement of fiducials has been assessed and reported for the management of pancreatic cancer. We herein review the technique, efficacy, and safety profile of EUS-guided fiducial placement. In addition, we highlight recent advances and technological upgrades in EUS-guided fiducial delivery systems for pancreatic cancer most relevant to practicing gastroenterologists and interventional endoscopists

Інженерія забороненої зони в нанокристалічних тонких плівках NiO, отриманих методом спрей-піролізу з розпиленням Fe

Тонкі плівки оксиду нікелю, легованого Fe (NiO:Fe), з різною концентрацією Fe (від 0 % до 10 %) вирощували на скляній підкладці методом спрей-піролізного розпилення. Досліджено вплив різних концентрацій Fe на структурні, морфологічні, оптичні та електричні властивості. Рентгенограми показують, що при низькій концентрації Fe в осадженій тонкій плівці з кубічною кристалічною структурою присутня тільки NiO, тоді як NiFe2O4 з'єднання з кубічною кристалічною структурою осідає при більш високій концентрації Fe. Встановлено, що розмір кристалітів плівок зменшується з 15.16 нм до 7.41 нм із збільшенням концентрації Fe. Морфологія виготовлених тонких плівок NiO:Fe вивчалася скануючою електронно-емісійною мікроскопією (FESEM) з енергодисперсійним спектрометром (EDS). Зображення FESEM показують, що легування Fe не впливало на морфологію тонких плівок NiO:Fe. Спектри EDS підтверджують утворення NiO, легованого Fe, на поверхні підкладки. Оптичні дослідження показали, що поглинання у видимій області збільшується зі збільшенням концентрації Fe. Оптична ширина забороненої зони зменшується зі збільшенням концентрації Fe. Всі плівки мають електричний опір порядка 104 Ом∙см, який збільшується з концентрацією Fe.Thin films of Fe doped nickel oxide (NiO:Fe) with different Fe doping concentration (from 0 % to 10 %) were grown on glass substrate by employing simple spray pyrolysis technique. The effect of different doping concentration of Fe on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties has been studied. XRD diffraction patterns show that at low Fe concentration only NiO lattice is present in the deposited thin film with cubic crystal structure, whereas NiFe2O4 compound with cubic crystal structure is deposited at higher Fe concentration. The crystallite size of the films is found to decrease from 15.16 nm to 7.41 nm with an increase in Fe concentration. Morphology of the prepared NiO:Fe thin films was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) attached with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). FESEM images show that Fe doping did not have any significant effect on the morphology of NiO:Fe thin films. EDS spectra confirm the formation of Fe doped NiO over the substrate surface. The optical investigation revealed that the absorbance in the visible region is found to be increased with an increase in Fe concentration. The optical band gap decreases with an increase in Fe concentration. All the films have electrical resistivity of the order of 104 Ω.cm and are found to be increased with Fe concentration

Surface Activated ZnO Thick Film Resistors for LPG Gas Sensing

The CuO-modified films obtained by dipping pure ZnO thick films into an aqueous solution of copper chloride for different intervals of time and fired at 500°C for 24 h. The copper chloride would transform into copper oxide upon firing. CuO-modified (0.4092 mass % CuO) ZnO thick films resulted in LPG gas detector. Upon exposure to 1000 ppm LPG gas, the barrier height between CuO-ZnO grains decreases markedly leading to a drastic decrease in resistance. An exceptional sensitivity was found to LPG gas at 400°C and no cross sensitivity was observed to other hazardous and polluting gases. The instant response (~ 5 sec) and fast recovery (~ 10 sec) are the main features of this sensor. The effects of microstructure and surfactant concentration on the gas response, selectivity, response time and recovery time of the sensor in the presence of LPG gas were studied and discussed