Bayesian Inference For Exponential Distribution Based On Upper Record Range

This paper deals with Bayesian estimations of scale parameter of the exponential distribution based on upper record range (Rn). This has been done in two steps; point and interval. In the first step the quadratic, squared error and absolute error, loss functions have been considered to obtain Bayesian-point estimations. Also in the next step the shortest Bayes interval (Hight Posterior Density interval) and Bayes interval with equal tails based on upper record range have been found. Therefore, the Homotopy Perturbation Method(HPM) has been applied to obtain the limits of Hight Posterior Density intervals. Moreover, efforts have been made to meet the admissibility conditions for linear estimators based on upper record range of the form mRn+d by obtained Bayesian point estimations. So regarding the consideration of loss functions, the prior distribution between the conjunction family has been chosen to be able to produce the linear estimations from upper record range statistics. Finally, some numerical examples and simulations have been presented

Two-phase Simulation of Nanofluid in a Heat Exchanger in Turbulent Flow Regime

Turbulent forced convection of different nanofluids consisting of -Al2O3/water and CuO/water in a concentric double tube heat exchanger has been investigated numerically using two-phase approach. Nanofluids that are used as coolants flowing in the inner tube while hot pure water flows in outer tube. The study was conducted for Reynolds numbers ranging from 20,000 to 50,000 and nanoparticles volume fractions of 2, 3, 4 and 6 percent. The three-dimensional governing equations are discretized using the finite volume approach. Although, two different nanoparticles have almost the same thermal conductivity but using CuO/water nanofluid showing better enhancement in heat transfer that proves thermal conductivity is not the only reason of enhancing heat transfer. Also, CuO/water showing bigger shear stress in comparison of -Al2O3/water nanofluid. As a result, nanofluids show higher overall heat transfer coefficient in comparison of pure water

Two-phase Simulation of Nanofluid in a Heat Exchanger in Turbulent Flow Regime

Turbulent forced convection of different nanofluids consisting of -Al2O3/water and CuO/water in a concentric double tube heat exchanger has been investigated numerically using two-phase approach. Nanofluids that are used as coolants flowing in the inner tube while hot pure water flows in outer tube. The study was conducted for Reynolds numbers ranging from 20,000 to 50,000 and nanoparticles volume fractions of 2, 3, 4 and 6 percent. The three-dimensional governing equations are discretized using the finite volume approach. Although, two different nanoparticles have almost the same thermal conductivity but using CuO/water nanofluid showing better enhancement in heat transfer that proves thermal conductivity is not the only reason of enhancing heat transfer. Also, CuO/water showing bigger shear stress in comparison of -Al2O3/water nanofluid. As a result, nanofluids show higher overall heat transfer coefficient in comparison of pure water

Analysis of rs7526084 polymorphism in 3′ downstream of the sestrin 2 gene as an informative marker for molecular diagnosis of kidney stone disease

Background: Kidney stone disease is one of the most common disorders of urinary tract, manifesting with high clinical and genetic heterogeneity in population. Sestrin 2 is involved in many essential processes, especially oxidative and genotoxic stress. Regarding the importance of oxidative stress pathway deregulation in systemic diseases such as kidney disorders, this study was conducted to investigate the association between rs7526084 3′ downstream polymorphism of the sestrin 2 gene and risk of kidney stone in south Iranian patients. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 150 patients with kidney stone disease and 180 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals were participated from March to December 2015. Genotyping of the rs7526084 polymorphism was performed using the T-ARMS PCR method. Results: Frequency of the G allele was higher in controls than in cases, and a reduced risk of the disease was shown in the presence of this allele (OR: 0.66, 95CI: 0.48-0.91, P=0.01). Also, the risk of the disease was reduced in the presence of heterozygote CG (OR: 0.49, 95CI: 0.30-0.80, P=0.004) and homozygote GG (OR: 0.47, 95CI: 0.23-0.96, P=0.04) genotypes. Under the dominant genetic model for the G allele (GG+GC vs. CC), this allele significantly reduced the risk of the disease (OR: 0.49, 95CI: 0.31- 0.78, P= 0.002). Conclusion: Reduced risk of kidney stone in the presence of the G allele of the sestrin 2 gene polymorphism might provide the evidence in favor of the involvement of the oxidative stress pathway in the pathogenesis of kidney stone disease

Investigation of the effective factors on rate of stemflow for tree species in Hyrcanian forests

The objective of this study was (i) to compare the amount of stemflow in deciduous broadleaved trees (with and without leaves) in accordance with different growth seasons and (ii) to compare the rate of stemflow in coniferous and broadleaved trees in according to the canopy cover area. Stemflow was measured on 20 marked trees using a stemflow collector. Rates were different for the different tree species Beech Fagus orientalis L, Ironwood Parrotia persica L., Alder Alnus subcordata L. and Hornbeam Carpinus betulus L., and were greater in autumn than winter even though trees were then in leaf. The stemflow increased with increasing canopy cover area. Even though canopy cover in conifers (Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis) was less than the broad-leaved beech, the rate of stemflow was higher, up to 7 litres per hour with relatively small canopies.Keywords: canopy, seasons, conifers, broad-leaved tree

Bloody Diarrhea and Colorectal Bleeding -- Marathon Runner

Please view the clinical abstract in the attached PDF fil

Validity and Reliability of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy, Nursing Student Version R in a Sample of Iranian Oncology Nurses

Background: Empathy is essential in the process of nurse-patient relationships in oncology wards. The lack of a rigorous tool to measure empathy in oncology nurses makes the research difficult. Objectives: Modifying a Persian translation of the Jefferson scale of empathy to create an Iranian version of the Jefferson scale of empathy-nursing student version R (JSE-NS version R), and to determine its validity and reliability in oncology nurses of Tehran Universities of Medical Sciences. Methods: This is a methodological study with cross-sectional design, conducted in 2015. The translation and modification process was conducted according to the World Health Organization guidelines and an Iranian version of the scale was created. Different types of validity, including face and content validity together with construct and convergent validity were assessed. Construct validity was evaluated in a convenience sample of oncology nurses (n = 181) through confirmatory (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). By correlation assessment between the total score of the JSE-NS version R and the subscales of the interpersonal reactivity index (IRI), convergent validity was tested. Reliability was ascertained by assessing the internal consistency and stability of the scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS-13 and LISREL 8.8. Results: Face and content validity of the scale was confirmed by an expert panel. The initial CFA did not show a three-factor structure of empathy, thus an EFA was run and a four-factor model with a grand factor was extracted. Subsequently, the results of the final CFA confirmed acceptable goodness of fit indices for the four-factor structure of empathy, and the scale explained 63% of variances in the data. Convergent validity showed a significant correlation between the total score of the scale and most subscales of the IRI (P < 0.001). Cronbach’s alpha value (0.86) and the ICC level (0.90) showed satisfactory results in oncology nurses. Conclusions: The Iranian version of the Jefferson scale of empathy-NS version R is a psychometrically sound instrument, implying that it is suitable for measurement of empathy in oncology nurses