La lutte contre les schistosomoses en Afrique de l'Ouest

L'extension des aménagements hydrauliques nécessités par le développement socio-économique des pays les moins avancés a entraîné l'augmentation parfois catastrophique de certaines parasitoses dont la schistosomose. Deux facteurs interviennent pour expliquer l'augmentation de la prévalence et de la morbidité des schistosomoses. D'une part, la transformation des écosystèmes crée des biotopes favorables aux mollusques hôtes intermédiaires des schistosomoses. D'autre part, la migration des populations favorise la dissémination du parasite et les comportements à risque liés à l'insuffisance de l'approvisionnement en eau potable et des mesures d'hygiène. Quelques précautions prises lors de l'aménagement des zones irriguées devraient limiter cette menace. En premier lieu, le déboisement préalable éviterait le développement des biotopes favorables aux mollusques. Ensuite, l'assainissement et l'approvisionnement en eau potable, la régulation de l'immigration, la prophylaxie des endémies, l'intégration des mesures de santé au cours de l'aménagement des zones hydroagricoles empêcheront la dissémination du parasite et la contamination des populations. (Résumé d'auteur

EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES, THE STATE AND HOST COMMUNITIES: A STUDY OF GOLD MINING INDUSTRY IN GHANA. Book by: Agbesinyale, P., Tenkorang, E. Y., Dankwah, M (2012)

The reader cannot fail to acknowledge that a book of this content and caliber was long overdue. The authors touch upon a delicate topic which is of vital importance and they go about that task with striking devotion, appropriate methodology and a befitting discourse. They set the tone by acknowledging the tremendous contribution of some institutions and individuals that contributed to make their work possible and less cumbersome to some extent and that is spread on the pages from the ‘Acknowledgement to the Table of Contents’. The following institutions are mentioned, to be more specific: Oxfam America and its West Africa Regional Office (WARO), the Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (IFAN), Ghanaian communities and key individuals and also organizations located in Ghana, like WACAM and ISODEC. The preface of the book poses clearly that West Africa and the mining activity have been bed-fellows for centuries and adds that a new dimension was added to that practice in the 1990s, when ‘a gold rush on an industrial scale began’(p.3). The first pages of the work also point out that gold mining is present in two other countries close to Ghana (Mali and Burkina Faso), although the focus of the book is the case of Ghana

A literary analysis of the West Africans’ reaction to the introduction of western education in Africa: the case of selected Francophone and Anglophone novels

This paper analyzes the Francophone and the Anglophone Africans’ attitude towards the introduction of Western education in Africa by the British and French colonizers. Camara Laye’s The African Child and Cheikh Hamidou Kane’ Ambiguous Adventure are used as samples of Francophone writing and John Munonye’s The Only Son and Oil Man of Obange represent Anglophone writing. The research demonstrates that Francophone education was  received with more reluctance and apprehension while the Anglophone Africans received British education with more co-operation and collaboration. The paper shows that both Francophone and Anglophone novels ultimately attempt to oppose Modern European hegemony

Hodgkin Lymphoma at the Paediatric Oncology Unit of Gabriel Touré Teaching Hospital, Bamako, Mali: 5-Year Experience

Introduction. The aim of this retrospective, unicentric study over 5 years is to describe the epidemiologic, pathologic, clinic and therapeutic aspects of children treated for Hodgkin lymphoma in our paediatric oncology unit. Patients and Methods. From January 2005 to December 2009, all children under 18 years of age, with Hodgkin lymphoma were included in this study. The treatment protocol was the GFAOP (Groupe Franco—Africain d'Oncologie Pédiatrique) Hodgkin lymphoma treatment protocol. Results. During the study period, 217 cancer cases were diagnosed in our centre. Of these cases, 7 were Hodgkin Lymphoma (LH) (0.04%). The mean age was 11.7 years. The sex-ratio was 6/1. 4% (5/7) of patients were stage IIB and 28.6% (2/7) stage IIIB of Ann-Arbor classification. There were 3 cases (42.8%) of sclero-nodular subtype, 2 cases (28.6%) of lymphocyte-rich classical HL subtype, 1 case (14.3%) of mixed cellularity and 1 case (14.3%) of lymphocyte depleted subtype. With a median followup of 37 months, 5 patients (71.4%) are alive, and 2 patients (28.6%) died. Conclusion. Broader multicentric studies are needed for more accurate data on this malignancy

Experimental hut comparisons of nets treated with carbamate or pyrethroid insecticides, washed or unwashed, against pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes.

The efficacy against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of a bednet treated with carbamate insecticide [carbosulfan capsule suspension (CS) 200 mg/m(2)] was compared with four types of pyrethroid-treated nets in veranda-trap huts at Yaokoffikro near Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire, where the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae Giles carries the kdr gene (conferring pyrethroid resistance) at high frequency and Culex quinquefasciatus Say is also pyrethroid resistant. Pyrethroids compared were lambdacyhalothrin CS 18 mg/m(2), alphacypermethrin water dispersible granules (WG) 20 mg/m(2), deltamethrin 50 mg/m(2) (Permanet) and permethrin emulsifiable concentrate (EC) 500 mg/m(2). Insecticidal power and personal protection from mosquito bites were assessed before and after the nets were used for 8 months and hand washed five times in cold soapy water. Before washing, all treatments except permethrin significantly reduced blood-feeding and all had significant insecticidal activity against An. gambiae. The carbosulfan net gave significantly higher killing of An. gambiae than all pyrethroid treatments except the Permanet. Against Culex spp., carbosulfan was more insecticidal and gave a significantly better protective effect than any of the pyrethroid treatments. After washing, treated nets retained various degrees of efficacy against both mosquito genera - but least for the carbosulfan net. Washed nets with three types of pyrethroid treatment (alphacypermethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, permethrin) gave significantly higher mortality rates of Culex than in huts with the same pyrethroid-treated nets before washing. After five washes, the Permanet, which is sold as a long-lasting insecticidal product, performed no better than the other nets in our experimental conditions

Lymphome de Burkitt pédiatrique à révélation orl : quelle prise en charge en milieu sub sahélien ? réflexion sur trois cas

Le lymphome de Burkitt dans sa forme Africaine peut se manifester sous des signes d’emprunt ORL à type de tuméfaction orbito-maxillo-faciale. Le diagnostic peut être fait par les ORL à travers un faisceau de signes cliniques et une cytoponction. La prise en charge se fait dans des unités d’oncologie médicale ou le bilan d’extension et le lancement de la chimiothérapie sont des impératifs incontournables. Actuellement cette tumeur à potentiel très agressif répond à une poly chimiothérapie bien conduite.Mots-clés : Lymphome de Burkitt, cancer, voies aérodigestives supérieures, oncologie pédiatriqu

Evaluating the impact of contour bunding technology on runoff, soil erosion and crop yield in southern Mali

United States Agency for International Developmen

La lutte contre les schistosomoses en Afrique de l'Ouest

Deuxième endémie parasitaire du Mali, les schistosomoses sont irrégulièrement réparties dans le pays. #Schistosoma haematobium atteint 2 millions et demi de sujets et est assez largement répandu. #S. mansoni est focalisé dans les régions rizicoles du centre du pays, le pays dogon et la région de Kayes. La lutte contre les schistosomoses a commencé dans les années soixante-dix par des programmes localisés. Ces programmes ont été réunis en un programme national de lutte en 1982. La décentralisation et l'intégration des activités aux structures nationales de santé a été décidée en 1986. La mise en oeuvre du programme national de lutte a débuté aussitôt après par la formation des équipes périphériques et l'équipement des structures sanitaires. Les stratégies de base retenues sont le dépistage des cas et la chimiothérapie à la fois dans les centres de santé et les écoles. L'éducation pour la santé, l'assainissement et l'approvisionnement en eau potable sont associés. Une surveillance épidémiologique est organisée. Trois phases successives ont conduit le programme national de lutte à être intégré à l'ensemble des activités des structures de santé périphériques. Les difficultés rencontrées sont évoquées. (Résumé d'auteur