Experimental evaluation of NFC reliability between an RFID tag and a smartphone

Abstract:Near Field Communication (NFC) is a short range wireless technology that enables data transfer between two NFC devices. It is derived from Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. However, NFC only operates at 13.56MHz frequency while RFID operates at both 125KHz and 13.56MHz frequencies. The success of NFC in replacing contact cards in payment systems can be duplicated in other industries. It is very critical that the operation of NFC is well understood so that future applications can make life easier for the users. The main purpose of this paper is to find out the parameters that can affect the optimal operation of passive NFC devices

Studi Pola Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi (Brassica Rapa Var. Parachinensis L.) Hidroponik di dalam Greenhouse Terkontrol

Tanaman sayuran harus dibudidayakan dengan optimal agar diperoleh hasil yang maksimal. Di wilayah tropis seperti di Indonesia, pertumbuhan tanaman sayuran dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor iklim seperti kelembaban, suhu, nutrisi dan cahaya. Untuk memperoleh kondisi yang optimal dan terkendali selama periode pertumbuhan, tanaman sawi dibudidayakan secara hidroponik di dalam greenhouse. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi pola pertumbuhan tanaman sawi (Brassica rappa var. parachinensis L.) yang dibudidayakan secara hidroponik di dalam greenhouse yang dilengkapi dengan kendali suhu, nutrisi dan cahaya. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan kombinasi faktor terbaik yang memberikan pertumbuhan paling optimal. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memberikan tiga perlakuan dengan tiga variasi yaitu suhu (32 °C, 35 °C, dan 38 °C), nutrisi (2 mS/cm, 5 mS/cm, dan 8 mS/cm), dan cahaya (7000 lux, 12000 lux, dan 17000 lux) sehingga terdapat 27 ruang budidaya atau greenhouse dengan iklim mikro yang berbeda. Tingkat pertumbuhan ditentukan berdasarkan luas daun dan diukur selama 48 hari budidaya. Kendali di dalam masing- masing greenhouse dilakukan oleh aktuator pompa, lampu pijar dan lampu TL (Flourescent Lamp). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan suhu, nutrisi dan cahaya berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan tanaman sawi. Dari hasil analisis faktor tunggal, luas daun maksimum dihasilkan pada suhu 35 °C yaitu 565 cm-, nutrisi 5 mS/cm yaitu 639,27 cm- dan cahaya 17000 lux yaitu 697,42 cm-. Secara kombinasi, tingkat pertumbuhan terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan suhu 35 °C, nutrisi 5 mS/cm, dan cahaya 17000 lux dengan hasil luas daun mencapai 1068,82 cm-

Patient Diagnostic Rate as Indicator of Tuberculosis Case Detection, South Africa.

To address the uncertainty of the indirectly measured tuberculosis case detection rate, we used survey data stratified by HIV status to calculate the patient diagnostic rate, a directly measurable indicator, in 8 communities in South Africa. Rates were lower among HIV-negative than HIV-positive persons. Tuberculosis programs should focus on HIV-negative persons

Pengendalian Temperatur dan Kelembaban dalam Kumbung Jamur Tiram (Pleurotus SP) secara Otomatis Berbasis Mikrokontroler

Oyster mushroom can grow properly at temperatures of 16–30 °C and relative humidity of 80–95%. Environment conditioning by spraying of water in mushroom house manually in the morning and evening as the temperature and humidity controling is less effective and highly bothersome. Using of technology can controlling temperature and humidity in a mushroom house automatically. This research aims to design an automatic control system to control temperature and humidity in oyster mushroom house. Research is located at an altitude of 125 meters above sea level. Automatic control system with a setting point temperature of 25 – 30 °C and humidity of 80 – 95% was tested at mushroom house with dimensions of 4 × 2 × 2 m with a capacity of 600 baglog mushrooms. The results show that the performance of daily temperature and humidity without control is respectively 24.10 to 35.19 °C and 64.28 to 99.90%. While the temperature and humidity with the control system are 25.10 to 30.09 °C and 80.84 to 99.90%, respectively

Studi Penggunaan Uv-vis Spectroscopy Untuk Identifikasi Campuran Kopi Luwak Dengan Kopi Arabika

This study aims to identify the authentication of civet coffee using a Soft independent modeling of class analogy(SIMCA) method and principal component analysis (PCA). The test carried out on the coffee powder measuring0.297 millimeters (mesh 50). Comparison of blend that is samples 1- 50 each 1 g of pure civet coffee, samples51- 60 each 0.9 g civet coffee and 0.1 g arabica coffee, samples 61-70 each 0.8 g civet coffee and 0.2 g arabicacoffee, samples 71-80 each 0.7 g civet coffee and 0.3 g arabica coffee, samples 81-90 each 0.6 g civet coffee and0.4 g arabica coffee, samples 90-100 each 0.5 g civet coffee and 0.5 g arabica coffee. The classification resultsshow SIMCA and PCA methods are able to identify civet coffee mixture. PC 1 explains 75% the variance of dataand PC2 explains 17% the variance of data. Values obtained on SIMCA classification are specificity 76%,sensitivity of 84% and accuracy of 80%, with a value error of 23%

COVID-19 in children: Clinical presentation and hospital course at a district hospital in South Africa

Limited data exist on South African children hospitalised with COVID-19 in district hospitals. We describe the presentation and outcomes of children admitted to a level 1 and 2 hospital and compare this with children admitted to a level 2 and 3 hospital. Contribution: This study highlights that young age is an important risk factor for hospitalisation with severe COVID-19. Infants with HIV exposure and prematurity are disproportionately represented among admissions. Furthermore, we notice a high number of children with current or new tuberculosis confirming the interplay between viral infections and childhood tuberculosis

Mortality in South African children and adolescents routinely treated for tuberculosis

BACKGROUND: In South Africa, tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death among those abstract, 20 years of age. We describe changes in TB mortality among children and adolescents in South Africa over a 13-year period, identify risk factors for mortality, and estimate excess TBrelated mortality. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all patients ,20 years of age routinely recorded in the national electronic drug-susceptible TB treatment register (2004–2016). We developed a multivariable Cox regression model for predictors of mortality and used estimates of mortality among the general population to calculate standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). RESULTS: Between 2004 and 2016, 729 463 children and adolescents were recorded on TB treatment; 84.0% had treatment outcomes and 2.5% (18 539) died during TB treatment. The case fatality ratio decreased from 3.3% in 2007 to 1.9% in 2016. In the multivariable Cox regression model, ages 0 to 4, 10 to 14, and 15 to 19 years (compared with ages 5 to 9 years) were associated with increased risk of mortality, as was HIV infection, previous TB treatment, and extrapulmonary involvement. The SMR of 15 to 19-year-old female patients was more than double that of male patients the same age (55.3 vs 26.2). Among 10 to 14-year-olds and those who were HIV-positive

Mortality during tuberculosis treatment in South Africa using an 8-year analysis of the national tuberculosis treatment register

n 2011, the South African HIV treatment eligibility criteria were expanded to allow all tuberculosis (TB) patients lifelong ART. The impact of this change on TB mortality in South Africa is not known. We evaluated mortality in all adults (≥ 15 years old) treated for drug-susceptible TB in South Africa between 2009 and 2016. Using a Cox regression model, we quantified risk factors for mortality during TB treatment and present standardised mortality ratios (SMR) stratified by year, age, sex, and HIV status. During the study period, 8.6% (219,618/2,551,058) of adults on TB treatment died. Older age, male sex, previous TB treatment and HIV infection (with or without the use of ART) were associated with increased hazard of mortality. There was a 19% reduction in hazard of mortality amongst all TB patients between 2009 and 2016 (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.81 95%CI 0.80–0.83). The highest SMR was in 15–24-year-old women, more than double that of men (42.3 in 2016). Between 2009 and 2016, the SMR for HIV-positive TB patients increased, from 9.0 to 19.6 in women, and 7.0 to 10.6 in men. In South Africa, case fatality during TB treatment is decreasing and further interventions to address specific risk factors for TB mortality are required. Young women (15–24-year olds) with TB experience a disproportionate burden of mortality and interventions targeting this age-group are needed

Tropical root responses to global changes:A synthesis

Tropical ecosystems face escalating global change. These shifts can disrupt tropical forests' carbon (C) balance and impact root dynamics. Since roots perform essential functions such as resource acquisition and tissue protection, root responses can inform about the strategies and vulnerabilities of ecosystems facing present and future global changes. However, root trait dynamics are poorly understood, especially in tropical ecosystems. We analyzed existing research on tropical root responses to key global change drivers: warming, drought, flooding, cyclones, nitrogen (N) deposition, elevated (e) CO2, and fires. Based on tree species‐ and community‐level literature, we obtained 266 root trait observations from 93 studies across 24 tropical countries. We found differences in the proportion of root responsiveness to global change among different global change drivers but not among root categories. In particular, we observed that tropical root systems responded to warming and eCO2 by increasing root biomass in species‐scale studies. Drought increased the root: shoot ratio with no change in root biomass, indicating a decline in aboveground biomass. Despite N deposition being the most studied global change driver, it had some of the most variable effects on root characteristics, with few predictable responses. Episodic disturbances such as cyclones, fires, and flooding consistently resulted in a change in root trait expressions, with cyclones and fires increasing root production, potentially due to shifts in plant community and nutrient inputs, while flooding changed plant regulatory metabolisms due to low oxygen conditions. The data available to date clearly show that tropical forest root characteristics and dynamics are responding to global change, although in ways that are not always predictable. This synthesis indicates the need for replicated studies across root characteristics at species and community scales under different global change factors

Toward a Coordinated Understanding of Hydro-Biogeochemical Root Functions in Tropical Forests for Application in Vegetation Models

Tropical forest root characteristics and resource acquisition strategies are underrepresented in vegetation and global models, hampering the prediction of forest–climate feedbacks for these carbon-rich ecosystems. Lowland tropical forests often have globally unique combinations of high taxonomic and functional biodiversity, rainfall seasonality, and strongly weathered infertile soils, giving rise to distinct patterns in root traits and functions compared with higher latitude ecosystems. We provide a roadmap for integrating recent advances in our understanding of tropical forest belowground function into vegetation models, focusing on water and nutrient acquisition. We offer comparisons of recent advances in empirical and model understanding of root characteristics that represent important functional processes in tropical forests. We focus on: (1) fine-root strategies for soil resource exploration, (2) coupling and trade-offs in fine-root water vs nutrient acquisition, and (3) aboveground–belowground linkages in plant resource acquisition and use. We suggest avenues for representing these extremely diverse plant communities in computationally manageable and ecologically meaningful groups in models for linked aboveground–belowground hydro-nutrient functions. Tropical forests are undergoing warming, shifting rainfall regimes, and exacerbation of soil nutrient scarcity caused by elevated atmospheric CO2. The accurate model representation of tropical forest functions is crucial for understanding the interactions of this biome with the climate