The airborne lava-seawater interaction plume at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

Petrology igneous metamorphic and volcanic studies; medm0

Extracting information from S-curves of language change

It is well accepted that adoption of innovations are described by S-curves (slow start, accelerating period, and slow end). In this paper, we analyze how much information on the dynamics of innovation spreading can be obtained from a quantitative description of S-curves. We focus on the adoption of linguistic innovations for which detailed databases of written texts from the last 200 years allow for an unprecedented statistical precision. Combining data analysis with simulations of simple models (e.g., the Bass dynamics on complex networks) we identify signatures of endogenous and exogenous factors in the S-curves of adoption. We propose a measure to quantify the strength of these factors and three different methods to estimate it from S-curves. We obtain cases in which the exogenous factors are dominant (in the adoption of German orthographic reforms and of one irregular verb) and cases in which endogenous factors are dominant (in the adoption of conventions for romanization of Russian names and in the regularization of most studied verbs). These results show that the shape of S-curve is not universal and contains information on the adoption mechanism. (published at "J. R. Soc. Interface, vol. 11, no. 101, (2014) 1044"; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.1044)Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, Supplementary Material is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.122178

The Undefeatable Opponent: How the Effective Administration of Water Is an Exception to Predeprivation Hearings Ordinarily Required by Due Process in \u3ci\u3eKeating v. Neb. Pub. Power District\u3c/i\u3e, 660 F.3d 1014 (8th Cir. 2011)

“Whiskey is for drinking, water is for fighting over.”1 [1. Famously attributed to author Mark Twain, but never authenticated.] But what happens when the only opponent is the rightful owner? With closing notices in hand, Gerard Keating and his neighbors asked themselves that same question. The Nebraska Department of Natural Resources issued closing notices to Keating and many other appropriators in Holt County, Nebraska, when stream flow in the Niobrara Watershed had become insufficient to satisfy the water needs of all surrounding appropriators. Instead of taking advantage of the postdeprivation hearing offered by the Department of Natural Resources, Keating and the other appropriators filed suit, claiming that Nebraska’s established water administration system violated their due process rights. Ultimately, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals found no due process violation of the appropriators’ rights, simply because the appropriators do not have a property interest in the waters of the state, which includes the Niobrara Watershed. To clarify the arguments discussed in Keating, this Note first provides an overview of Nebraska water administration, followed by a discussion of the property rights vested in public waters. This Note then analyzes the impracticality of predeprivation hearings for water administration, the state’s interest in quick administration of water use, and the challenge of providing sufficient due process while also preserving the water administration system. This Note then provides an overview of Keating and related case law. Thereafter, there is a discussion of the United States Supreme Court decisions which have ruled that a predeprivation hearing is necessary, and why those situations are inapplicable to the administration of water use. This discussion also describes established exceptions to the predeprivation hearing requirement and how Nebraska’s appropriation system does not violate due process. Finally, this Note concludes with how Keating’s and other similarly situated plaintiffs’ challenges to the water administration system are a result of misplaced expectations in appropriation permits and the minimal property rights held therein

A Quantitative Study of Co-Teaching as an Instructional Model to Serve Elementary Students

The purpose of this quantitative study was to address the use of the co-teaching instructional model to serve elementary special education students in general educational classrooms. Recent trends and legislation have increased the use of inclusive education for students with disabilities. At this time, few large-scale studies on co-teaching have been conducted to date, and empirical research in terms of quantified student measured outcomes is limited. As a result, districts face challenges when considering implementation of a co-teaching model. This study used a quasi-experimental design from intact existing groups of fourth grade students on the State STAAR Reading test. Cross tabulation analysis was then merged to bring greater district-wide examination of the co-teach model. The research is intended to contribute quantitatively measured student outcomes of students in co-taught classrooms, and inform district decision makers on the co-teaching environment meeting the needs of students with specific learning disabilities

The Lived Experiences of Academic Advisors with Counseling Degrees in Addressing Wellness with College Student-Athletes

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to investigate the lived experiences of academic advisors who have master’s degrees in counseling in addressing wellness with college student-athletes. Of particular note was to explore if they addressed wellness and, if so, how they addressed wellness. Extant literature is replete with evidence documenting the numerous challenges and stressors student-athletes experience due to their athlete status. Prior to this study, the role of the academic advisor in addressing wellness has not been represented in the literature. This study examined the lived experiences of 10 academic advisors with counseling degrees, or currently enrolled in graduate level counselor education programs, in addressing wellness with college student-athletes through semi-structured individual interviews. Results from the data analysis yielded four themes and seven sub-themes: Academic Skills and Planning, Counselor Practice and Knowledge (emphasis on fostering relationships, counseling skills and theory, and athletic empathy), Barriers to Seeking Support Services, and Cultivating Holistic Wellness in Student-Athletes (career and life skill development, psychological support, coach-advisor relationship, and case management). The findings suggest that academic advisors are addressing wellness with their college student-athletes. Moreover, the results provide specific insights as to how academic advisors utilize their counseling skills when providing wellness services. These results provide several implications for counseling programs, academic advising, and athletic departments. Suggestions for future research are also included

Quantum Mechanical Carrier of the Imprints of Gravitation

We exhibit a purely quantum mechanical carrier of the imprints of gravitation by identifying for a relativistic system a property which (i) is independent of its mass and (ii) expresses the Poincare invariance of spacetime in the absence of gravitation. This carrier consists of the phase and amplitude correlations of waves in oppositely accelerating frames. These correlations are expressed as a Klein-Gordon-equation-determined vector field whose components are the ``Planckian power'' and the ``r.m.s. thermal fluctuation'' spectra. The imprints themselves are deviations away from this vector field.Comment: 8 pages, RevTex. Html version of this and related papers on accelerated frames available at http://www.math.ohio-state.edu/~gerlac