38,995 research outputs found
Isochrones of M67 with an Expanded Set of Parameters
We create isochrones of M67 using the Yale Rotating Stellar Evolution Code.
In addition to metallicity, parameters that are traditionally held fixed, such
as the mixing length parameter and initial helium abundance, also vary. The
amount of convective overshoot is also changed in different sets of isochrones.
Models are constructed both with and without diffusion. From the resulting
isochrones that fit the cluster, the age range is between 3.6 and 4.8 Gyr and
the distance is between 755 and 868 pc. We also confirm Michaud et al. (2004)
claim that M67 can be fit without overshoot if diffusion is included.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the joint
TASC2/KASC9/SPACEINN/HELAS8 conference "Seismology of the Sun and the Distant
Stars 2016
Kingmakers or Cheerleaders? Party Power and the Causal Effects of Endorsements
When parties make endorsements in primary elections, does the favored candidate receive a real boost in his or her vote share, or do parties simply pick the favorites who are already destined to win? To answer this question, we draw on two research designs aimed at isolating the causal effect of Democratic Party endorsements in California’s 2012 primary election. First, we conduct a survey experiment in which we randomly assign a party endorsement, holding all other aspects of a candidate’s background and policy positions constant. Second, we use a unique dataset to implement a regression discontinuity analysis of electoral trends by comparing the vote shares captured by candidates who barely won or barely lost the internal party endorsement contest. We find a constellation of evidence suggesting that endorsements do indeed matter, although this effect appears to be contingent upon the type of candidate and voter: endorsements matter most for candidates in their party’s mainstream, and for voters who identify with that party and for independents. The magnitude of their impact is dramatically smaller than might be estimated from research designs less attuned to recent advances in causal inference
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Tools for reformulating logical forms into zero-one mixed integer programs (MIPS)
A systematic procedure for transforming a set of logical statements or logical conditions imposed on a model into an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation or a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) formulation is presented. A reformulation procedure which uses the extended reverse polish representation of a compound logical form is then described. A prototype user interface by which logical forms can be reformulated and the corresponding MIP constructed and analysed within an existing Mathematical Programming modelling system is illustrated. Finally, the steps to formulate a discrete optimisation model in this way are demonstrated by means of an example
The Sizing and Optimization Language (SOL): A computer language to improve the user/optimizer interface
The nonlinear mathematical programming method (formal optimization) has had many applications in engineering design. A figure illustrates the use of optimization techniques in the design process. The design process begins with the design problem, such as the classic example of the two-bar truss designed for minimum weight as seen in the leftmost part of the figure. If formal optimization is to be applied, the design problem must be recast in the form of an optimization problem consisting of an objective function, design variables, and constraint function relations. The middle part of the figure shows the two-bar truss design posed as an optimization problem. The total truss weight is the objective function, the tube diameter and truss height are design variables, with stress and Euler buckling considered as constraint function relations. Lastly, the designer develops or obtains analysis software containing a mathematical model of the object being optimized, and then interfaces the analysis routine with existing optimization software such as CONMIN, ADS, or NPSOL. This final state of software development can be both tedious and error-prone. The Sizing and Optimization Language (SOL), a special-purpose computer language whose goal is to make the software implementation phase of optimum design easier and less error-prone, is presented
Limits on chemical complexity in diffuse clouds: search for CH3OH and HC5N absorption
Context: An unexpectedly complex polyatomic chemistry exists in diffuse
clouds, allowing detection of species such as C2H, C3H2, H2CO and NH3 which
have relative abundances that are strikingly similar to those inferred toward
the dark cloud TMC-1
Aims: We probe the limits of complexity of diffuse cloud polyatomic
chemistry.
Methods: We used the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer to search for
galactic absorption from low-lying J=2-1 rotational transitions of A- and
E-CH3OH near 96.740 GHz and used the VLA to search for the J=8-7 transition of
HC5N at 21.3 GHz.
Results: Neither CH3OH nor HC5N were detected at column densities well below
those of all polyatomics known in diffuse clouds and somewhat below the levels
expected from comparison with TMC-1. The HCN/HC5N ratio is at least 3-10 times
higher in diffuse gas than toward TMC-1.
Conclusions: It is possible to go to the well once (or more) too ofte
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Introducing new constructs for data modelling and column generation in LP modelling languages
Through popular implementation of structured query language (SQL) and query-by-example(QBE) relational databases have become the de-facto industry standard for data modelling.We consider the indices, sets, and the declarative form of Linear Programming (LP) modelling languages and introduce new constructs which provide direct link to the database systems. The models constructed in this way are data driven and display a dynamicstructure. We then show how this approach can be naturally extended to include column generation features stated in procedural forms within an otherwise declarative modelling paradigm
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