Effects of boiling and oil or vinegar on pickled jurubeba (Solanum paniculatum L.) fruit

Jurubeba fruit, raw and thermally processed for different periods of time, were preserved in soybean oil or vinegar and evaluated for physical characteristics, phytochemicals, antioxidant capacity and polyamines. The loss of green color in many vegetables after cooking is a frequent problem that affects the quality of pickled foods, and chlorophyll content is a relevant parameter to assess the quality. Data showed that a 20 min cooking treatment maintained the best fruit quality and no change in the chlorophyll content occurred. The thermal processing caused no increase in the carotenoid and flavonoid content as compared to the raw fruits, but caused an increase in the phenol content. At a cooking time of about 10 min, the antioxidant capacity increased. Cooking time did not cause significant differences in the content of isoorientin, rutin and caffeic acid. Spermine and spermidine contents were lower after 20 min of boiling. Jurubeba that was preserved in vinegar showed a lower pH and putrescine level, regardless of the cooking time used, whereas the use of oil caused an increase in carotenoids and antioxidant capacity.Key words: Thermal processing, antioxidants, polyamines, phytochemicals, Solanaceae

Desempeño productivo y cualitativo de plantas de tomate en relación con la aplicación de reguladores de crecimiento y nutrientes minerales

1 recurso en línea (páginas 416-424).The tomato fruit is rich in antioxidant compounds and has great nutritional and economic importance, annually promoting research on the nutritional and productive characteristics. The present study aimed to evaluate whether foliar application of commercial products based on growth regulators [auxin, cytokinin and gibberellin (Ax+CK+GA)], micronutrients [cobalt and molybdenum (Mi)] and mixtures of macro and micronutrients [nitrogen, boron, copper, molybdenum and zinc (Ma+Mi)], isolated and in combination, increase productivity and improve the post-harvest quality of tomato fruits (Predador F1). The experiment design used randomized blocks, with seven treatments and four repetitions, which were (T1) control; (T2) Ax+CK+GA; (T3) Ma+Mi; (T4) Mi; (T5) Ax+CK+GA + (Ma+Mi); (T6) Ax+CK+GA + Mi; and (T7) Ax+CK+GA + Mi + (Ma+Mi). The variables production, precocity, soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), ratio (SS/TA), pH, total soluble sugars, ascorbic acid and weight loss were evaluated. The Ax+CK+GA application, isolated or in combination with Ma+Mi, promoted the precocity, and the use of isolated Ax+CK+GA and Mi improved the tomato plant productivity. The growth regulators, macro and micronutrients, isolated or in combination, increased the ascorbic acid content in the fruits.El tomate es un fruto rico en compuestos antioxidantes y tiene gran importancia nutricional y económica; anualmente se promueve investigaciones relacionadas con las características nutricionales y productivas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si la aplicación foliar de productos comerciales a base de reguladores vegetales [auxina, citocinina y giberelina (Ax+CK+GA)], micronutrientes [cobalto y molibdeno (Mi)] y mezcla de macro y micronutrientes [nitrógeno, boro, cobre, molibdeno y zinc (Ma+Mi)], de forma individual y combinada, sobre el aumento de la productividad y mejora de la calidad poscosecha de los frutos de tomate (Predador F1). El diseño experimental consistió en bloques al azar, con siete tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones, siendo (T1) control; (T2) Ax+CK+GA; (T3) Ma+Mi; (T4) Mi; (T5) Ax+CK+GA + (Ma+Mi); (T6) Ax+CK+GA + Mi; (T7) Ax+CK+GA + Mi + (Ma+Mi). Se evaluaron las variables producción, precocidad, contenido de sólidos solubles (SS), acidez titulable (AT), relación SS/AT, pH, azúcares solubles totales, ácido ascórbico y pérdida de peso. La aplicación de Ax+CK+GA de forma individual o combinada con Ma+Mi promovió la precocidad, mientras el uso de Ax+CK+GA y Mi, de forma separada, mejoró la productividad del tomate. Los reguladores de crecimiento y los macro y micronutrientes, separados o combinados, proporcionaron un aumento en el contenido de ácido ascórbico en los frutos.Bibliografía y webgrafía: páginas 422-42

Efeito de adjuvantes em soluções com fungicida na tensão superficial e na área de molhamento de gotas depositadas nas faces foliares da soja

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of concentrations of nonionic adjuvant and mineral oil in the spray volume of fungicide, in superficial tension and wetting area of drops deposited on soybean leaves. Two experiments were performed under completely randomized 6x2 factorial design, with seven replicates. For the first experiment Energic® was used as the nonionic adjuvant, and for the second one, mineral oil Joint Oil®. For both cases, the primary factor concerns the concentrations of the surfactant (0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and, 0.25% (v v-1) of Energic®; 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25% (v v-1) of Joint Oil®), and the second factor, the spray volume with and without use of fungicide. We deposited drops (15 µL) on the adaxial and abaxial surface leaves of soybean cv. BMX Força RR. It was concluded that the lower surface tension of spray volume of fungicide were obtained in concentrations up 0.1% and 0.5% to nonionic adjuvant and mineral oil, respectively. The concentrations of 0.2% and 0.75% of nonionic adjuvant and mineral oil, respectively, resulted in larger areas of wetting on soybean surface leaves.O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar o efeito de concentrações de adjuvante não iônico e óleo mineral em calda com fungicida, na tensão superficial e área de molhamento de gotas depositadas nas faces de folhas de soja. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos instalados sob o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 6x2, com sete repetições. Para o primeiro experimento utilizou-se como adjuvante não iônico Energic® e, para o segundo, o óleo mineral Joint Oil®. Para os dois casos o primeiro fator refere-se às concentrações dos surfactantes (0,00; 0,05; 0,10; 0,15; 0,20 e; 0,25% v v-1 de Energic® e; 0,00; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; 1,00 e 1,25% v v-1 de Joint Oil®), e o segundo fator à calda com e sem utilização de fungicida Priori Xtra® (0,18% v v-1). Para a determinação da área de molhamento foram depositadas gotas (15 µL) nas faces adaxial e abaxial das folhas de soja cv. BMX Força RR. Concluiu-se que as menores tensões superficiais das soluções com o fungicida foram obtidas nas concentrações a partir de 0,1% e 0,5% do adjuvante não iônico e do óleo mineral, respectivamente. Enquanto que, as concentrações de 0,2% e 0,75% do adjuvante não iônico e do óleo mineral, respectivamente, proporcionaram as maiores áreas de molhamento nas faces foliares de soja

Formação de mudas de melancia em função de diferentes concentrações e formas de aplicação de mistura de reguladores vegetais

In this work the objective to evaluate the effect of different concentrations and application forms of the mixture of plant regulators listed in Stimulate® on germination and seedling production of watermelon cv. Crimson Sweet. The first experiment was conducted in a greenhouse type BOD, evaluating the germination and vigor depending on the dosages of Stimulate® (0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 and 10 mL kg-1 ) applied on seeds. The second experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, where the treatments applied were the same used in the first experiment, by establishing the emergence and seedling development. In the third experiment, the seedlings were sprayed with Stimulate® in doses: 0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75 and 1%, by evaluating the length of the shoot and root, number of leaves and root dry mass and the shoot. In the three experiments was used completely randomized experimental design with 5 treatments and 5 repetitions. The application of mixture of plant regulators listed in Stimulate® in concentrations of 5 ml kg-1 favored the percentage of normal seedlings on watermelon cv. Crimson Sweet. The percentage of emergence and seedling development of watermelon had no influence with the application of Stimulate® on seeds. Foliar application of Stimulate® at a concentration of 0.5% promoted larger seedlings with neck diameters; however this form of application should be better studied in virtue of some traits analyzed were influenced negatively, as the root length.Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações e formas de aplicação de mistura de reguladores vegetais constantes no Stimulate® na germinação e produção de mudas de melancia cv. Crimson Sweet. O primeiro experimento foi realizado em estufa tipo BOD, avaliando-se a germinação e o vigor em função das dosagens de Stimulate® (0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10 mL Kg-1 ) aplicadas via semente. O segundo experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, onde os tratamentos aplicados foram os mesmos utilizados no primeiro experimento, determinando-se a emergência e o desenvolvimento de plântulas. No terceiro experimento, as plântulas foram pulverizadas com Stimulate® nas dosagens: 0; 0,25; 0,5; 0,75 e 1%, avaliando-se o comprimento da parte aérea e da raiz, número de folhas e massa seca da raiz e parte aérea. Nos três experimentos foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com 5 tratamentos e 5 repetições. A aplicação da mistura de reguladores vegetais constantes no Stimulate® na concentração de 5 ml kg-1 favoreceu a porcentagem de plântulas normais em melancia cv. Crimson Sweet. A porcentagem de emergência e desenvolvimento de plântulas de melancia não teve influência com a aplicação de Stimulate® via sementes. A aplicação foliar do Stimulate® na concentração de 0,5% promoveu mudas com maiores diâmetros de colo; entretanto essa forma de aplicação deve ser mais bem estudada em virtude de algumas características analisadas terem sido influenciadas negativamente, como o comprimento radicular

Desempenho de cultivares de couve-chinesa sob telados e campo aberto

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de cultivares de couve-chinesa cultivadas sob telados e campo aberto. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental pertencente à UNEMAT, localizada na cidade de Cáceres, MT, entre 11 de junho a 30 de agosto de 2010. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 7 x 2 sendo sete ambientes (campo aberto, sombrite 30, 40 e 50 % de sombreamento e tela termo-refletora 30, 40 e 50 % de sombreamento) e duas cultivares  (Granat e Michihilli). Avaliou-se o peso total de massa fresca, número total de folhas, diâmetro de planta e florescimento na colheita, com 80 dias após a semeadura. Foram constatados que devido às baixas temperaturas presentes no período de cultivo a cv. Michihilli apresentou florescimento em todos os ambientes avaliados e que no ambiente campo aberto foi onde ocorreu a maior incidência. Não houve diferença significativa de ambiente x cultivar para as variáveis peso de massa fresca e diâmetro de planta, demonstrando a viabilidade do cultivo em campo aberto. Para a variável número total de folhas observou-se que a cv. Granat apresentou melhor desempenho para as condições de inverno em Cáceres, M

Sustainable production of high purity curcuminoids from Curcuma longa by magnetic nanoparticles: A case study in Brazil

Large volumes of residual biomass could represent a matter of concern for large-scale purification of natural compounds, heavily influencing processing industries and logistic sizing, amount of solvents employed for the extraction processes and the final chemical and biological waste generation. In the present study, carried out in Brazil, the production of curcuminoids in Curcuma longa L. rhizomes was maximized as a function of plant maturity and solar UV exclusion. Noteworthy, curcuminoid content reached its maximum at around the end of the early vegetative phase (65 days after planting), henceforward plant growth determined only a detrimental accumulation of wastes. The harvesting at this early phase of plant maturation led to a more than tenfold reduction of exceeding biomass. In addition, by means of an innovative, sustainable and high efficient magnetic purification process for curcuminoids based on Surface Active Maghemite Nanoparticles (SAMNs), an outstanding yield of 90% and >98% purity, were achieved in a single magnetic purification step. The formation of the SAMN-curcuminoid complex (SAMN@curcuminoid) was demonstrated by optical and electron spin resonance spectroscopy and electron microscopy. The scalability of the purification method was proved by the application of an automatic modular pilot system for continuous magnetic purification of curcuminoids, capable of managing 100 L day−1 of SAMN@curcuminoid suspensions. The presented multidisciplinary approach embodies the fundamental principles of cleaner production providing a paradigm for the utilization of magnetic nanoparticles for biomolecule purification. Moreover, Brazilian agro-industries can benefit from sustainable innovation strategy outlined by the current study