On practical applicability of the Jarzynski relation in statistical mechanics: a pedagogical example

We suggest and discuss a simple model of an ideal gas under the piston to gain an insight into the workings of the Jarzynski identity connecting the average exponential of the work over the non-equilibrium trajectories with the equilibrium free energy. We show that the Jarzynski identity is valid for our system due to the very rapid molecules belonging to the tail of the Maxwell distribution. For the most interesting extreme, when the system volume is large, while the piston is moving with large speed (compared to thermal velocity) for a very short time, the necessary number of independent experimental runs to obtain a reasonable approximation for the free energy from averaging the non-equilibrium work grows exponentially with the system size.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, submitted to JP

Probabilistic fracture finite elements

The Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics (PFM) is a promising method for estimating the fatigue life and inspection cycles for mechanical and structural components. The Probability Finite Element Method (PFEM), which is based on second moment analysis, has proved to be a promising, practical approach to handle problems with uncertainties. As the PFEM provides a powerful computational tool to determine first and second moment of random parameters, the second moment reliability method can be easily combined with PFEM to obtain measures of the reliability of the structural system. The method is also being applied to fatigue crack growth. Uncertainties in the material properties of advanced materials such as polycrystalline alloys, ceramics, and composites are commonly observed from experimental tests. This is mainly attributed to intrinsic microcracks, which are randomly distributed as a result of the applied load and the residual stress

Cornual Abscess Rupture: A Rare Etiology of Acute Abdomen

Ruptured cornual abscess or pyometra can resemble other more common causes of acute abdomen, including appendicitis, diverticulitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and perforated viscus. Despite its rarity, the diagnosis of ruptured pyometra should always be considered in females presenting with acute abdominal pain, particularly in the setting of a retained intrauterine device

Autismin kirjolle sijoittuvat aikuiset ja asiakasroolien toteutuminen

Asiakaslähtöisyys on toimintaterapian ydinperiaatteita ja sen tulisi ylettyä koskemaan toimintaterapiaprosesseja kaikkien asiakkaiden kanssa. Työskenteleminen yhteistyössä autismin kirjolle sijoittuvan henkilön kanssa voi kuitenkin olla haastavaa, johtuen autismin kirjon henkilöille tyypillisistä ja sosiaalisiin tilanteisiin ja kommunikointiin liittyvistä haasteista. Aikuisiin autismin kirjon henkilöihin kohdistuva tutkimus on saanut osakseen vain vähän huomiota verrattuna autismin kirjolle sijoittuvista lapsista tehtyyn tutkimukseen. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli testata Inhimillisen toiminnan mallin mukaisten asiakasroolien toteutumista aikuisten autismin kirjolle sijoittuvien henkilöiden kohdalla. Inhimillisen toiminnan mallin mukaan asiakkaan tulisi toimia terapeutin yhteistyökumppanina ja informanttina koko terapiaprosessin kulun ajan. Opinnäytetyö toteutettiin integroidun kirjallisuuskatsauksen periaatteiden mukaisesti. Inhimillisen toiminnan mallin mukaisten asiakasroolien toteutumisesta aikuisten autismin kirjolle sijoittuvien henkilöiden kohdalla etsittiin tietoa kirjallisuuskatsauksen avulla. Integroituun kirjallisuuskatsaukseen hyväksyttiin aineistoa tutkimusartikkelien ja tutkimuskirjallisuuden joukosta. Analysoitavaksi hyväksytettiin yhteensä kuusi lähdettä, joista viisi olivat sähköisen tiedonhaun kautta löytyneitä toimintaterapiaa ja aikuisia autismin kirjon henkilöitä käsitteleviä tutkimusartikkeleita ja yksi autismin kirjoa ja toimintaterapiaa käsittelevän kirjan aikuisia autismin kirjon henkilöitä käsittelevä luku. Kaikki aineiston lähteet ovat vertaisarvioitu ja julkaistu vuosina 2000–2013. Löydösten perusteella voitiin todeta, että tämän opinnäytetyön aineiston kuudesta lähteestä viisi sisälsi opinnäytetyön määritelmän mukaisia mainintoja informanttiudesta. Kaksi lähteistä sisälsi maininnan opinnäytetyön määritelmän mukaisesta yheistyökumppanuudesta. Aiheesta löydettävissä ollut aineisto oli kuitenkin niukka, joten tulokset eivät ole yleistettävissä. Voidaan todeta, että aikuisten autismin kirjolle sijoittuvien henkilöiden toimintaterapiasta kaivataan lisää tutkimusta.Client-centeredness is one of the core principles of occupational therapy and should extend to all the processes of occupational therapy with clients. Collaboration with a person on the autistic spectrum may, however, be challenging, due to the challenges typical for persons on the autistic spectrum related to social situations and communication. Research concerning adults on the autistic spectrum has received only limited attention compared to research on children on the autistic spectrum. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the realisation of client roles conforming to the Model of Human Occupation when working with adults on the autistic spectrum. According to the Model of Human Occupation, the client should act as a collaborator and informant for the therapist during the entire therapy process. The thesis was carried out in accordance with the principles of an integrated literary review. Information on the realisation of client roles conforming to the Model of Human Occupation when working with adults on the autistic spectrum was obtained by way of an integrated literary review, exclusively from among research papers and research literature. A total of six sources were accepted for analysis, of which five were research articles on occupational therapy and adults on the autistic spectrum identified through electronic search. One source was a chapter on adults on the autistic spectrum from a book regarding the autistic spectrum and occupational therapy. All source materials were peer reviewed and published between 2000 and 2013. On the basis of the findings, it is possible to state that five of the six source materials contained references to adults on the autistic spectrum acting as informants, consistent with the definition adopted for this thesis. Two of the sources contained references to adults on the autistic spectrum acting as collaborators, consistent with the definition adopted for this thesis. The material available on the topic, however, was scarce. Consequently, the results cannot be generalised. There is a clear need for additional research regarding occupational therapy for adults on the autistic spectrum

Towards Climate-Smart Agriculture in Southeast Asia: Initial results in Ma Village, Vietnam

The project Integrated agricultural technologies for enhanced adaptive capacity and resilient livelihoods in climate-smart villages (CSVs) of Southeast Asia aims to provide climate-smart agriculture options to enhance adaptive capacity and resilience among CSV farmers and stakeholders. The project is supported by a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) plan that has two broad dimensions: a technical one that deals with the biophysical research results and a social one that deals with how they key actors involved in the research experience progress, costs and benefits, achievements and challenges. A first M&E field mission to Ma village, Vietnam, at the end of 2016 used qualitative methods to assess initial progress of the social dimension. Ma women and men farmers are satisfied with emerging results of most of the introduced climate-smart practices and highly appreciative of the collaborative approach. Full adoption will increase efficiency of resource use within the farm and could contribute to increased farm productivity and income of households. However, in order to promote wide-scale adoption of these practices, a well-thought out-scaling strategy should be designed and implemented

Remains of the lived

Born 1982 in Iquitos, Perú Currently studying, B.A. Fine Arts , University of Barcelona 2004 She obtained sculpture degree at the Escola Massana, Barcelona She has exhibited her work in group exhibitions in Barcelona, Italy, and the Netherlands