POTENSI BIJI JALI (Coix lacryma–jobi L.) SEBAGAI MEDIA PADAT UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR Trichoderma harzianum

Trichoderma harzianum can be grown on solid media containing carbohydrate organic matter such as jali’s seed (Coix lacryma–jobi L.)  This study aims to determine the effectiveness of jali’s seed as a growth medium for T. harzianum fungi. This study was conducted for 3 months from November 2021 to January 2022 using CRD (Complete Random Design) with five levels of treatment T1=25g rice as control, T2=15g rice : 10g jali, T3=12.5g rice : 12.5g jali, T4=10g rice : 15g Jali, T5=25g jali. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and continued with the Duncan test with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that the use of solid media as a growth medium for the fungus T. harzianum had a significant effect on the average diameter of the fungus, wet weight, and spore density of the fungus T. harzianum. The results showed that the use of jali seeds as a solid medium for the growth of T. harzianum fungi had a significant effect on the average colony diameter, wet weight, and spore density of T. harzianum fungi. The solid media treatment of 25g of jali seeds gave the best results for the average diameter of the fungus, which was 23.75mm, the difference in media weight was 4.3g, and the spore density was 7.84 conidia/mL

Studies on the Variability of Human Basal Metabolic Rate

The studies presented in this thesis examine some of the factors responsible for variation in basal metabolic rate (BMR, defined as the energy expended by an individual lying quietly at rest in a thermoneutral environment, at least 12 hours postabsorptive). They are particularly concerned with the parts played by differences in body composition and cellular metabolic activity, under the influence of thyroid hormones and catechloamines, in explaining variability in BMR. In the great majority of people, and certainly most of those living in an industrialised society, BMR accounts for the largest part of daily energy expenditure, often making up more than two thirds of the total. Study of the factors that effect BMR is therefore central to our understanding of the causes of variation in daily energy needs. The first study undertaken sought to explore some of the general relationships between BMR and body composition in a group of 97 healthy women. BMR was measured using the Douglas bag technique, and body composition assessed by measurements of weight, height, body fat content (skinfold and densitometry estimates), circumferences and diameters. Differences in BMR between the women were found to be large (CV = 11.8%, standard deviation 159 kcal/day) and could be best explained by differences in FFM, accounting for 45 % of the total variance. The relationship between BMR and FFM was unaffected by body fatness or age. However, at a given FFM considerable variation in the BMR of individual women was evident. Moreover, for the purposes of predicting an individual's BMR, FFM was found to be no better than body weight. Simple differences in the weight of the FFM therefore, could only partially explain the variation in BMR between the women. A further observation from the study was that BMR expressed per kg body weight or per kg FFM tended to decline form light to heavy individuals. This finding has implications for the use of FFM as a metabolic reference standard, and it is suggested that it may relate to differences in the composition of the FFM. The role of the catecholamines was considered in a study which investigated the effect of B-adrenergic blockade on basal metabolic rate. The BMRs (measured using a ventilated hood system) of a group of 18 patients receiving beta blocker drugs in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders were compared to those of 28 healthy control subjects. In relation to the FFM (estimated from skinfold thicknesses) the BMRs of the B-blocker patients were found to 8% lower than that of the controls, equivalent to 136 kcal/day. The study revealed a potentially important side effect of this widely prescribed group of drugs and moreover, suggested that BMR has an adrenergically mediated component. A further study was undertaken with the aim of elucidating the causes of the marked variation in BMR relative to the FFM observed in the initial investigation. Two groups of women characterised by particularly high or low BMRs in relation to their FFM were selected for further study. Repeat measurements of BMR suggested that part of the differences between the groups, and by extension the initial study also, resulted from within-subject variation in BMR. Error in measurement of the FFM (estimated by skinfolds, total body water and densitometry) was found to be small and its potential contribution considered minor. It was estimated that genuine inter-individual variation in BMR in relation to the FFM was in the region of 100 kcal/day. Thyroid hormone levels were found to be significantly greater in the high BMR group than in the low and it was postulated that these differences were likely to be responsible for at least part of the variance in BMR relative to FFM. Thyroid status did not however, provide the complete explanation, a residual standard deviation approximately 70 kcal/day remained. It was considered likely that differences in the composition of the FFM were involved in explaining the remaining variance. Urinary catecholamine levels were comparable in both groups, however the possibility that differences in an adrenergically mediated process may have contributed to the differences in BMR could not be ruled out. Traditionally, differences in BMR have been ascribed to differences in body size, age, sex, race, climate and nutritional status. The studies presented in this thesis suggest however, that that these may have a common basis in that they relate to differences in one or both of the major determinants of BMR; to differences in body composition - primarily to the mass of fat-free tissue and to the relative proportions of its component parts - and to hormonally induced metabolic activity of the tissues

Social class and social structure in a middle-sized Pennsylvania community

The major purpose of this study is to describe selectdemographic and socio-cultural characteristics associatedwith the five social classes of the social structure in an urbanPennsylvania community. Classes are delineated by the HollingsheadIndex of Social Position. Description of the class characteristicsis made more fruitful through use of this index. Thestratification procedure demonstrates that stratifying a populationenables us to better understand the organization andfunction of a community as a sociological entity.The major purpose of this study is to describe selectdemographic and socio-cultural characteristics associatedwith the five social classes of the social structure in an urbanPennsylvania community. Classes are delineated by the HollingsheadIndex of Social Position. Description of the class characteristicsis made more fruitful through use of this index. Thestratification procedure demonstrates that stratifying a populationenables us to better understand the organization andfunction of a community as a sociological entity

Rapid Response Team Utilization of Modified Early Warning Scores to Improve Patient Outcomes

This retrospective, descriptive study was designed to (a) determine if the Modified Early Warning Score risk assessment tool identified moderate to high risk patients prior to the activation of the Rapid Response Team (b) determine how much time occurred from the onset of clinical deterioration until activation of the Rapid Response Team. A Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) was applied to the documented vital signs in the medical records of a convenience sample of 108 adult patients between the ages of 19 and 99 years of age who had experienced an activation of the Rapid Response Team (RRT). A risk assessment score was given for the time of the RRT activation as well as every previously documented instance of vital signs prior to the RRT call until the MEWS score reached a low risk score of 0 to 1. Of the 108 subjects, 36 subjects had a low risk (score 0 to 1) MEWS at the time of the RRT activation; 72 subjects had a moderate (score of 2 to 3) or high (score 4 or greater) risk MEWS score at the time of the RRT activation. Ten (10.14) hours was the average amount of time earlier deterioration could have been detected if a MEWS system had been in place. The data from this study indicate a need for more frequent observation and documentation of vital signs by nursing staff as the overall average length of time between vital signs collected (MEWS applied) was 291.60 minutes (4.86 hours) when clinical deterioration was evident. These data show that there is a delay in activation of the Rapid Response Team and that implementation of the MEWS system would increase RRT awareness of patients with critically abnormal vital signs so that they can be assessed and clinical deterioration treated to prevent a catastrophic event from occurring

Referenzdatensätze zur Erkennung von Anomalien im Fertigungsprozess von spanenden Werkzeugmaschinen

The present data sets were created and published within the project "Glassist - Smart-Glass-based Assistance System for Machine Tools". The project is being carried out in collaboration with the project partners Nuromedia GmbH, Oculavis GmbH, Innolite GmbH and Starrag Technology GmbH. The data sets can be assigned to series of experiments. The individual experiments were carried out with a process-integrated measuring system on a machine tool under process parameter variations. In an attached documentation, the data sets are described in detail and notes on interpretation are presented.Das Vorhaben »Glassist – Smart-Glass-based Assistance Systems for Machine Tools« wird aus Mitteln des Europäischen Fonds für regionale Entwicklung (EFRE) gefördert. Förderkennzeichen: EFRE-08013957-ZipHDFView SoftwareMatlabPython

Referenzdatensätze zur Erkennung von Anomalien im Fertigungsprozess von spanenden Werkzeugmaschinen

The present data sets were created and published within the project "Glassist - Smart-Glass-based Assistance System for Machine Tools". The project is being carried out in collaboration with the project partners Nuromedia GmbH, Oculavis GmbH, Innolite GmbH and Starrag Technology GmbH. The data sets can be assigned to series of experiments. The individual experiments were carried out with a process-integrated measuring system on a machine tool under process parameter variations. In an attached documentation, the data sets are described in detail and notes on interpretation are presented.Das Vorhaben »Glassist – Smart-Glass-based Assistance Systems for Machine Tools« wird aus Mitteln des Europäischen Fonds für regionale Entwicklung (EFRE) gefördert. Förderkennzeichen: EFRE-08013957-ZipHDFView SoftwareMatlabPython

Ethical and relational leadership in a complex world: the use of the Human Learning System and social pedagogical leadership framework to navigating complexity

The Covid-19 pandemic brought into sharp focus the complexities and challenges facing social work and social care organisations. Using theory, ethics and practice, this article aims to critically explore an ethical and relational approach to leadership that can help navigate complexity in social work in the UK. Explaining the emerging Human Learning System, this article argues that this paradigm can offer an alternative to the new public management, with its focus on the three core aspects of markets, matrix and management. Key to this discussion is the social pedagogy leadership framework, which aims to assist the navigation of complexity in direct practice and support positive organisational cultures and systems as discussed within the Human Learning System. The leadership framework is informed by the principles of social pedagogy, which are seen as an ethical philosophical approach to leadership and direct practice. It places human relationships and rights within the everyday and at the heart of leadership and organisational change – as Berit Bae has stated, human rights must be applied in the everyday, not just in certain situations. Using the philosophical principles and core ideas of social pedagogy and the Human Learning System, the framework is designed to support leadership, which is relational and ethical at its core, while also assisting the navigation of uncertainty and the complexities of the work undertaken by modern social work and social care organisations