POTENSI BIJI JALI (Coix lacryma–jobi L.) SEBAGAI MEDIA PADAT UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR Trichoderma harzianum

Trichoderma harzianum can be grown on solid media containing carbohydrate organic matter such as jali’s seed (Coix lacryma–jobi L.)  This study aims to determine the effectiveness of jali’s seed as a growth medium for T. harzianum fungi. This study was conducted for 3 months from November 2021 to January 2022 using CRD (Complete Random Design) with five levels of treatment T1=25g rice as control, T2=15g rice : 10g jali, T3=12.5g rice : 12.5g jali, T4=10g rice : 15g Jali, T5=25g jali. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and continued with the Duncan test with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that the use of solid media as a growth medium for the fungus T. harzianum had a significant effect on the average diameter of the fungus, wet weight, and spore density of the fungus T. harzianum. The results showed that the use of jali seeds as a solid medium for the growth of T. harzianum fungi had a significant effect on the average colony diameter, wet weight, and spore density of T. harzianum fungi. The solid media treatment of 25g of jali seeds gave the best results for the average diameter of the fungus, which was 23.75mm, the difference in media weight was 4.3g, and the spore density was 7.84 conidia/mL

JENIS-JENIS Begonia DI KAWASAN HUTAN KECAMATAN ENTIKONG, KABUPATEN SANGGAU, KALIMANTAN BARAT

Begonias are tropical plants, and can be found in habitats that are generally shaded in both lowland and upland areas. This research was conducted in five locations in the forest area of Entikong sub-district. Each location represents one village in Entikong Sub-district. Observations and sampling of Begonia were carried out using the cruising method along the forest path in each village with an observation area of 5 metres to the left and right of the path. Each Begonia found was recorded morphological characters include plant height, leaf colour, leaf shape, modification on leaves, stem shape, stem colour, modification on stem, flower type, flower colour, flower shape and fruit Field data recorded such as substrate type, coordinate points, elevation, air environmental parameters (temperature and humidity), soil environmental parameters (pH) and light intensity. The results showed that the forest area in Entikong District has five species of Begonia, namely, Begonia congesta, Begonia calcarea, Begonia paoana, Begonia kipandiensis, and Begonia lailana. The specimens found grew in environmental conditions with light intensity of 0.527-2.425 cd.sr/m2, temperature of 25.1-28.2°C, and soil pH of 5.1-6.2. Begonias grow terrestrially or lithophytically at an altitude of 142-473m above sea level with a shaded habitat

Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Benalu Jambu Air (Dendropthoe pentandra (L.) Miq) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Salmonella typhi

Dendropthoe pentandra (L.) Miq constitutes one type of parasite plant, which is efficacious as an antibacterial and able to inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Salmonella typhi is the bacteria that attacks the gastrointestinal tract, so that it is necessary to look for antibacterial alternative medicine from natural materials. The aim of this study is to determine the antibacterial activity of methanol extract from D. pentandra leaves toward the growth of S. typhi bacteria. The research conducted from August to September 2013. The extract of D. pentandra leaves obtained by employing maceration method. The test of antibacterial activity carried out by using paper disc diffusion method at the level 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (g/mL) of extract concentration, and also positive control by using 2.5% of chloramphenicol. Phytochemical analysis indicates that the extract of D. pentandra leaves contain flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, steroids and quinones. The analysis indicates that the concentration of  D. pentandra extract leaves has significant effect toward the diameter of the inhibition zone formed. Concentration of 75% is the lowest concentration that can inhibit the growth of S. typhi to grow larger. The results indicate that the methanol extract of D. pentandra leaves has antibacterial activity toward S. typhi

PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN MENTIMUN (Cucumis sativus L.) VARIETAS METAVY F1 DENGAN PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR BERBAHAN KULIT NANAS (Ananas comosus L.) DAN AIR CUCIAN BERAS

Cucumber plant growth is hampered by low soil fertility. One way to increase growth is through the application of fertilizer. This study aims to determine the effect of giving liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) made from pineapple peel (Ananas comosus L.) and rice washing water on the growth of cucumber plant (Cucumis sativus L.) and the concentration that can provide the best treatment results for cucumber growth. This research was conducted from March to June 2023. The research design used a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments, namely LOF concentrations of 0 mL/L, 30 mL/L, 32 mL/L, 34 mL/L, and 36 mL/L. The application of liquid organic fertilizer made from pineapple peel and rice washing water had a significant effect on wet weight and dry weight, but had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves and leaf area of cucumber. The best POC treatment for cucumber growth is 36 mL/L

POTENSI EKSTRAK DAUN KIRINYUH (Chromolaena odorata L.) SEBAGAI BIOSTIMULAN TERHADAP PERKECAMBAHAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Peanut production in West Kalimantan which tends to decline has not been able to keep up with the needs of people. Seed quality is the problem that often faced by peanut farmers. Secondary metabolites especially flavonoids and terpenoids contained in plant extract can be used as biostimulants. This study aims to determine the effect of kirinyuh (C. odorata) extract and to determine the optimal concentration of kirinyuh extract on the quality of peanut germination and growth. This research was conducted from July to August 2022 at the Biology Laboratory and Greenhouse of the Department of Biology, FMIPA, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 11 levels concentration of extract kirinyuh (0; 10; 20; 30; 40; 50; 60; 70; 80; 90; dan 100 mg/L). The results showed that 20 mg/L of extract kirinyuh was the most optimal concentration for germination parameters such as emergence time of epicotyl, emergence time of leave, leaf opening time and 50 mg/L extract kirinyuh was the most optimal concentration for growth parameters such as plant height

KUALITAS HABITAT KEPITING BAKAU (Scylla serrata-Forsskål) DI PERAIRAN PANTAI DESA SENGKUBANG KECAMATAN MEMPAWAH HILIR KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH

Mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) is one of the fishery resources that has economic value. The fulfillment of market needs that are still dependent on nature encourages efforts in the cultivation of mangrove crabs (Scylla serrata). Sengkubang Village has a mangrove area which is the habitat of mangrove crabs that have the potential to be used as cultivated land, but data related to habitat parameters and quality are not yet available. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics and quality of mangrove crab habitat (Scylla serrata) in the coastal waters of Sengkubang Village, Mempawah Hilir District, Mempawah Regency. The research method used is to measure water quality including temperature, salinity, water pH, substrate pH, DO, tidal waterlogging, substrate texture, vegetation type, and vegetation density. Crab fishing is carried out by free sampling and using traditional traps (bubu). The research data was compared with habitat quality score data based on the Mangrove Crab Habitat Quality Index. The results showed that the quality of the mangrove crab habitat of Scylla serrata in the coastal waters of Sengkubang village, Mempawah Hilir District, Mempawah Regency is classified as moderate with a total value of 58 so that it is quite supportive for the growth and development of mangrove crabs

POTENSI EKSTRAK METANOL AKAR DAN BATANG KRATOM (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 6919 PENYEBAB JERAWAT

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is one type of plant found in tropical regions that have not been optimally utilized as an acne treatment. The kratom plant has potential as an antibacterial agent. This study aims to determine the effect of methanol extract of kratom roots and stems on the growth of Propionibacterium acnes cause acne. The research samples used were roots and stems. The extract method is done by maceration using methanol (PA) solvent. Antibacterial test method used is the Kirby-Bauer method using paper discs. The concentration of methanol extract of kratom roots and stems tested was 5%, 10%, 15%, with a control (+) of 0.003% tetracycline. The results showed that the concentration of methanol extract of kratom root by 5% and kratom stem extract by 10% is the lowest concentration of the best in inhibiting the growth of P. acnes are 5.4 mm and 6.75 mm with medium resistance category. The results of phytocomia screening contained in kratom root extract are alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins, while in kratom stem extract are alkaloids, phenols, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids and tannins

PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN PADA UPACARA ANTAR AJONG SUKU MELAYU DI DESA MATANG DANAU KECAMATAN PALOH KABUPATEN SAMBAS

The antar ajong ceremony is a ceremony that is carried out from generation to generation, but the delivery is still orally. The implementation of the ceremony uses many plants to support the stages of the antar ajong ceremony. The purpose of this study was to find out the types of plants used in the antar ajong ceremony, to know the value of the frequency of citations and the use value of the types of plants used in the antar ajong ceremony. This research was conducted from February to July 2022 in Matang Danau Village, Paloh District, Sambas Regency. Methods of determining respondents using the snowball sampling method. The results of the research that has been done obtained as many as 28 species and 18 families of plants that are used in ceremonies between ajong. The most widely used plant family is the Arecaceae family. The highest 100% value of plant citation frequency used in inter-ajong ceremonies consisted of 16 species, namely Areca catechu L., Bambusa sp., Cerbera manghas L., Curcuma longa L., Cocos nucifera L., Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A Chev., Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle., Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br., Leea sp. Metroxylon sago Rottb., Musa paradisiaca L., Nicotiana tabacum L., Nypa fruticans Wurmb., Oryza sativa L., Piper betle L., and Stryrax sp. The highest use value of plant species was 0.33 consisting of 3 species, namely Cocos nucifera L., Curcuma longa L., and Oryza sativa L

Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi Metanol, Etil Asetat, dan N-Heksana Rimpang Lengkuas Merah (Alpinia purpurata, K. Schum) terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes

Red galangal rhizome (Alpinia purpurata K. Schum) is a plant that is known to be used as a medicine for skin diseases. Acne is a skin disease that usually appears on the face caused by the overactive activity of the skin’s oil glands and is exacerbated by infection with the Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity and the most active concentration of each red galangal rhizome fraction on the growth of P. acnes bacteria. This study used the disk diffusion method with three types of solvents namely methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane with various concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% and used tetracycline as a comparison and DMSO 10% as a control. Parameters observed were the diameter of the growth inhibition zone of P.acnes bacteria and were analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The results of the antibacterial activity test showed that the methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions of red galangal (A. purpurata) rhizome had antibacterial activity. The concentration of the most active fraction in inhibiting the growth of P. acnes bacteria was the methanol fraction with a concentration of 20% with an average inhibition zone diameter of 24.33 mm during the 24 hour incubation period and was bacteriostati

ETNOBOTANI PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN DALAM RITUAL ADAT NYELEPAT TAUN SUKU DAYAK DE’SA DI KECAMATAN SEPAUK KABUPATEN SINTANG

This Study aims to investigate the species of plants, plant parts, plant usage, and their meanings in the traditional ritual of Nyelepat Taun. The research was conducted from April to August 2022 in Sepauk Subdistrict, Sintang Regency, using the qualitative descriptive method and snowball sampling technique. Participatory observation, structured interviews, and documentation were used for data collection. The findings revealed that the Nyelepat Taun ritual utilized 13 species of plants across 8 families, with leaves being the most frequently used part (31%) and the majority obtained from the yard (38%). The plants with the highest citation frequency were Manihot esculenta (cassava), Oryza sativa (paddy rice), Oryza glutinosa (glutinous rice), Areca cathechu (betel nut), Piper betle (betel leaf), and Vitex pinnata (West indian Lavender) (100%), whereas Imperata cylindrica (cogon grass) had the lowest citation frequency (69%). The most common usage method was direct consumption without processing (54%). The ritual's significance was to symbolize simplicity, long life expectancy, fertility of future lands, abundant blessings, peaceful hearts, prevention of misfortune, and hope for a bountiful crop