Descrição do Campo da Psicologia junto às Delegacias Especializadas de Proteção à Criança e ao Adolescente Vítimas de Crimes: uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura

Monografia apresentada ao Programa de Pós Graduação Interdisciplinar em Estudos Latino-Americanos da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, como requisito de obtenção do título de Especialista em Direitos Humanos na América Latina. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Marcos de Jesus Oliveira.A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo identificar estudos sobre o trabalho da psicologia, nas Delegacias Especializadas da Polícia Civil, com crianças e adolescentes vítimas de crimes. Por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, foram selecionados 5 artigos, através das bases de dados SciELO, Periódicos CAPES, PePSIC e LILACS, aplicando-se os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, utilizando as palavras-chaves “delegacia de proteção à criança e ao adolescente”, “delegacia especializada”, “psicologia jurídica” e “defesa da criança e do adolescente”. De acordo com a análise dos resultados, foram reunidos cinco eixos temáticos centrais: práticas do profissional de psicologia em delegacias especializadas, trabalhando com crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violências; procedimento da escuta especializada; contradições da psicologia em interface com a justiça no contexto da delegacia especializada; ligações com os direitos humanos e contribuições da perspectiva interseccional no enfrentamento do problema. Ressalta-se a constatação de um campo de trabalho em desenvolvimento e a escassez de estudos científicos sobre o tema

Assessment of a Comparative Bayesian-Enhanced Population-Based Decision Model for COVID-19 Critical Care Prediction in the Dominican Republic Social Security Affiliates

Introduction: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a major health concern worldwide. This study aims to develop a Bayesian model to predict critical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Methods: Sensitivity and specificity were obtained from previous meta-analysis studies. The complex vulnerability index (IVC-COV2 index for its abbreviation in Spanish) was used to set the pretest probability. Likelihood ratios were integrated into a Fagan nomogram for posttest probabilities, and IVC-COV2 + National Early Warning Score (NEWS) values and CURB-65 scores were generated. Absolute and relative diagnostic gains (RDGs) were calculated based on pretest and posttest differences. Results: The IVC-COV2 index was derived from a population of 1,055,746 individuals and was based on mortality in high-risk (71.97%), intermediate-risk (26.11%), and low-risk (1.91%) groups. The integration of models in which IVC-COV2 intermediate + NEWS ≥ 5 and CURB-65 \u3e 2 led to a number needed to (NNT) diagnose that was slightly improved in the CURB-65 model (2 vs. 3). A comparison of diagnostic gains revealed that neither the positive likelihood ratio (P = 0.62) nor the negative likelihood ratio (P = 0.95) differed significantly between the IVC-COV2 NEWS model and the CURB-65 model. Conclusion: According to the proposed mathematical model, the combination of the IVC-COV2 intermediate score and NEWS or CURB-65 score yields superior results and a greater predictive value for the severity of illness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first population-based/mathematical model developed for use in COVID-19 critical care decision-making

Garantías constitucionales para la población desplazada con discapacidad a partir de las recomendaciones de la ONU al artículo 27 convencional.

Durante el conflicto armado que ha afrontado Colombia ha dejado innumerables víctimas, dentro del cual encontramos a la población desplazada en condición de discapacidad, esta puede ser previa o consecuencia del mismo desplazamiento e incluso posterior a ello, la cual puede ser física o psicológica. Las diferentes normas e instrumentos internacionales ratificados por Colombia promueven y resguardan los derechos humanos de todas las personas, obligando a los Estados a garantizar y promover la plena realización de todos los derechos civiles, culturales, económicos, políticos y sociales de todas las personas incluyendo aquellos que padecen algún tipo de discapacidad. En el trabajo se advierte una investigación académica a los diversos contenidos normativos de los derechos de la persona con discapacidad y víctimas del Conflicto Armado. En razón a ello, analizamos las recomendaciones emitidas por el comité de las Naciones Unidas en el año 2016 en su artículo 27 de la Convención, evidenciando que el Estado colombiano ha garantizado a través de sus políticas públicas la inclusión laboral a la población en condición de discapacidad y la priorización cuando estos son víctimas del conflicto armado.During the armed conflict that Colombia has faced, it has left innumerable victims, within which we find the displaced population in a condition of disability, this may be prior or a consequence of the same displacement and even after that, which can be physical or psychological. The different international norms and instruments ratified by Colombia promote and safeguard the human rights of all people, forcing States to guarantee and promote the full realization of all civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights of all people including those who suffer from some type of disability. In the work a qualitative investigation is noticed in the various normative contents of the rights of the person with disabilities and victims of the Armed Conflict. Due to this, we analyze the recommendations issued by the United Nations committee in 2016 in its article 27 of the Convention, showing that the Colombian State has guaranteed through its public policies the labor inclusion of the population in condition of disability and prioritization when they are victims of armed conflict.1. Introducción. -- 2. La Discapacidad. -- 3.Garantías Constitucionales para la Población Desplazada con Discapacidad a partir de las Recomendaciones de la ONU al Artículo 27 Convencional. -- 4. Conclusiones. -- 5. Biografí

Attachment Patterns Trigger Differential Neural Signature of Emotional Processing in Adolescents

Background: Research suggests that individuals with different attachment patterns process social information differently, especially in terms of facial emotion recognition. However, few studies have explored social information processes in adolescents. This study examined the behavioral and ERP correlates of emotional processing in adolescents with different attachment orientations (insecure attachment group and secure attachment group; IAG and SAG, respectively). This study also explored the association of these correlates to individual neuropsychological profiles. Methodology/Principal Findings We used a modified version of the dual valence task (DVT), in which participants classify stimuli (faces and words) according to emotional valence (positive or negative). Results showed that the IAG performed significantly worse than SAG on tests of executive function (EF attention, processing speed, visuospatial abilities and cognitive flexibility). In the behavioral DVT, the IAG presented lower performance and accuracy. The IAG also exhibited slower RTs for stimuli with negative valence. Compared to the SAG, the IAG showed a negative bias for faces; a larger P1 and attenuated N170 component over the right hemisphere was observed. A negative bias was also observed in the IAG for word stimuli, which was demonstrated by comparing the N170 amplitude of the IAG with the valence of the SAG. Finally, the amplitude of the N170 elicited by the facial stimuli correlated with EF in both groups (and negative valence with EF in the IAG). Conclusions/Significance: Our results suggest that individuals with different attachment patterns process key emotional information and corresponding EF differently. This is evidenced by an early modulation of ERP components’ amplitudes, which are correlated with behavioral and neuropsychological effects. In brief, attachments patterns appear to impact multiple domains, such as emotional processing and EFs

Effects of lean interventions supported by digital technologies on healthcare services: a systematic review

Despite the increasing utilization of lean practices and digital technologies (DTs) related to Industry 4.0, the impact of such dual interventions on healthcare services remains unclear. This study aims to assess the effects of those interventions and provide a comprehensive understanding of their dynamics in healthcare settings. The methodology comprised a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines, searching for lean interventions supported by DTs. Previous studies reporting outcomes related to patient health, patient flow, quality of care, and efficiency were included. Results show that most of the improvement interventions relied on lean methodology followed by lean combined with Six Sigma. The main supporting technologies were simulation and automation, while emergency departments and laboratories were the main settings. Most interventions focus on patient flow outcomes, reporting positive effects on outcomes related to access to service and utilization of services, including reductions in turnaround time, length of stay, waiting time, and turnover time. Notably, we found scarce outcomes regarding patient health, staff wellbeing, resource use, and savings. This paper, the first to investigate the dual intervention of DTs with lean or lean−Six Sigma in healthcare, summarizes the technical and organizational challenges associated with similar interventions, encourages further research, and promotes practical applications

Unidad didáctica para generar lectura placentera como medio de construcción de conocimiento

Este trabajo de investigación se llevó a cabo en los Colegios Espiguitas Doradas y Benjamín Herrera I.E.D. en los grados transición y sexto respectivamente, su propósito principal fue crear una unidad didáctica que al ser implementada generara placer por la lectura, pero también se obtuvieran unos resultados adicionales en el desarrollo de las habilidades comunicativas, el afianzamiento de valores y potencialización de la creatividad

Unidad didáctica para generar lectura placentera como medio de construcción de conocimiento

Este trabajo de investigación se llevó a cabo en los Colegios Espiguitas Doradas y Benjamín Herrera I.E.D. en los grados transición y sexto respectivamente, su propósito principal fue crear una unidad didáctica que al ser implementada generara placer por la lectura, pero también se obtuvieran unos resultados adicionales en el desarrollo de las habilidades comunicativas, el afianzamiento de valores y potencialización de la creatividad