NARRATIVAS E TRAJETÓRIAS: abordagens metodológicas a partir da UNILAB

Tomando a realidade da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-brasileira (UNILAB) como ponto de partida, discutem-se abordagens teórico-metodológicas das ciências sociais e sua revisão no contexto da “lusofonia”. Diversas metodologias qualitativas são abordadas e desnudadas, considerando-se o contexto de sujeitos sociais ligados aos países da CPLP e ao mundo colonial. Na busca por uma sociologia das falas e uma geografia dos discursos, damos ênfase à importância do cotidiano como base de trabalho e reflexão epistemológica. Pensá-lo continuamente a partir das diferenças relacionais que o contexto lusófono provoca, é parte do resultado da reflexão do pesquisador nessa seara. NARRATIVES AND TRAJECTORIES: methodological approaches from UNILABTaking the reality of the Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afrobrasileira (UNILAB) as a starting point, theoreticalmethodological approaches of the social sciences and their revision in the context of “lusophony” are discussed. Several qualitative methodologies are addressed and detailed, considering the context of social subjects linked to the CPLP countries and the colonial world. In the search for a sociology of speech and a geography of discourses, we emphasize the importance of daily life as a basis for work and epistemological reflection. To think of it continually from the relational differences that the lusophone context causes, is part of the result of the researcher’s considerations in this field.Keywords: Methodology. Lusophony. Narratives. Trajectory studies. Higher education. NARRATIVES ET TRAJECTOIRES: approches méthodologiques sur la base de l’UNILABEn prenant comme point de départ la réalité de l’Université pour l’Intégration Internationale de la Lusophonie Afro-brésilienne (UNILAB), nous analysons les approches théoriques et méthodologiques des sciences sociales et nous la reconsidérons dans le cadre de la « lusophonie ». Plusieurs méthodologies qualitatives sont abordées et mises à nu dans le contexte des sujets sociaux liés aux pays de la CPLP et au monde colonial. À la recherche d’une sociologie de la parole et d’une géographie des discours, nous insistons sur l’importance de la vie quotidienne prise comme base de travail et de réflexion épistémologique. Y penser constamment sans perdre de vue les différences relationnelles provoquées par le contexte lusophone, fait partie du résultat de la réflexion du chercheur dans ce champ. Mots-clés: Méthodologie. Lusophonie. Récits. Études de trajectoire. Enseignement supérieur

Condições de trabalho na educação superior e organização docente na perspectiva recente das políticas educacionais brasileiras

A educação superior ocupa relevante papel no cenário político nacional, uma vez que está associada ao processo de modernização, de inclusão social e de desenvolvimento regional. As políticas educacionais para este nível de ensino no Brasil sugerem uma adequação do trabalho docente às novas exigências profissionais advindas das inovações tecnológicas e da consequente mudança no mundo laboral. As transformações, a expansão, as políticas afirmativas, a interiorização e as demais reconfigurações do/no ensino superior no Brasil, no contexto contemporâneo, são decorrentes de decisões e disputas políticas intensas e, por este motivo, acabam por estar inseridas em processo de planejamento, execução e avaliação das políticas públicas. Dessa maneira, torna-se indispensável refletir acerca das mudanças ocorridas no ambiente global trabalhista, bem como a respeito do papel do Estado nas reformulações ocorridas. As implicações das reformas educacionais do país, reportantes ao trabalho docente, são inúmeras e de grande repercussão sobre a vida do professor, causando efeitos que se refletem no cotidiano de suas atividades e que precisam ser consideradas e amplamente debatidas. O objetivo desta exposição é, pois, refletir sobre as condições e organização do trabalho docente, considerando as recentes e profundas transformações políticas vivenciadas por este nível de ensino nos últimos anos

TRAJETÓRIAS DE LONGEVIDADE ESCOLAR E DISPOSIÇÕES SOCIAIS DE ESTUDANTES NEGROS/AS COTISTAS DA UNILAB – CESCHOOL LONGEVITY TRAJECTORIES AND SOCIAL DISPOSITIONS OF BLACK QUOTA STUDENTS OF UNILAB – CE

Investigamos em escala individual a longevidade escolar de sete estudantes negros/as cotistas da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-brasileira, selecionados/as para as vagas de autodeclarados pretos, pardos ou indígenas de escolas públicas (Lei nº 12.711/2012). Trabalhamos com dois destes casos pela perspectiva disposicional em trajetórias biográficas, enfatizando configurações familiares e escolarização. Recorremos aos debates sobre a relação família-escola como explicação do sucesso/fracasso escolar, e os dados resultantes são instigantes pela tensão entre as condições de possibilidade de classe e a dimensão étnico-racial. Utilizamos um questionário socioeconômico e cultural e, na etapa principal, entrevistas em profundidade. As configurações que possibilitaram a produção, potencialização e/ou transferência de disposições de longevidade foram: apoio familiar; reconhecimento da educação como meio de mobilidade social; significados práticos e positivos com a escola; afetividades; atividades culturais, científicas e esportivas intra/extraescolares; ensino médio profissionalizante de tempo integral; e organizações domésticas que orbitam a educação e a escola.ABSTRACT We investigated on an individual scale the school longevity of seven black students of the University of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, self-declared black students, brown or indigenous and from public schools (Law nº. 12.711/2012). We worked with 2 of these cases through the dispositional perspective in biographical trajectories, emphasizing family and schooling configurations. We resort to debates about the family-school relationship as an explanation of school success / failure, and the resulting data is thought provoking by the tension between the conditions of class possibility and the ethnic-racial dimension. We used a socioeconomic and cultural questionnaire and, then, we worked with in-depth interviews. The configurations that allowed the production, empowerment and/or transfer of longevity dispositions were: family support; recognition of education as a way for social mobility; practical and positive meaning with school; affectivities; intra/extracurricular cultural, scientific and sportive activities; vocational and full-time high school; and domestic morals organized around education

“LA BÚSQUEDA”: HISTÓRIA, MEMÓRIA E LITERATURA NOS RELATOS DE UM SOBREVIVENTE DA DITADURA ARGENTINA

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a obra de Miguel Robles La Búsqueda, que nos mostra a reconstrução da morte de seu pai, José Elio Robles, durante a ditadura militar argentina, fato este desconstruído a partir dos relatos de um sobrevivente que se encontrava exilado na Inglaterra, conhecido por Charlie Moore. Toda narrativa testemunhal de Charlie encorpa as investigações do autor e nos leva à percepção de que as versões oficiais no estado de exceção podem ser reformuladas e apresentadas de forma a reestruturar a história em sua oficialidade. Através da Obra de Robles apresentar-se-á a relação de história e memória atrelada à memória traumática, conceitos esses capazes de apresentar versões que se contrapõem às apresentadas como oficiais

Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) and CD147 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in prostate cancer

BACKGROUND. Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) are transmembrane proteins involved in the transport of monocarboxylates across the plasma membrane, which appear to play an important role in solid tumours, however the role of MCTs in prostate cancer is largely unknown.The aim of the present work was to evaluate the clinico-pathological value of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) expression, namely MCT1, MCT2 and MCT4, together with CD147 and gp70 as MCT1/4 and MCT2 chaperones, respectively, in prostate carcinoma. METHODS. Prostate tissues were obtained from 171 patients, who performed radical prostatectomy and 14 patients who performed cystoprostatectomy. Samples and clinico-pathological data were retrieved and organized into tissue microarray (TMAs) blocks. Protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in neoplastic (n= 171), adjacent non-neoplastic tissues (n= 135), PIN lesions (n=40) and normal prostatic tissue (n=14). Protein expression was correlated with patients' clinicopathologic characteristics. RESULTS. In the present study, a significant increase of MCT2 and MCT4 expression in the cytoplasm of tumour cells and a significant decrease in both MCT1 and CD147 expression in prostate tumour cells was observed when compared to normal tissue. All MCT isoforms and CD147 were expressed in PIN lesions. Importantly, for MCT2 and MCT4 the expression levels in PIN lesions were between normal and tumour tissue, which might indicate a role for these MCTs in the malignant transformation. Associations were found between MCT1, MCT4 and CD147 expressions and poor prognosis markers; importantly MCT4 and CD147 overexpression correlated with higher PSA levels, Gleason score and pT stage, as well as with perineural invasion and biochemical recurrence. CONCLUSIONS. Our data provides novel evidence for the involvement of MCTs in prostate cancer. According to our results, we consider that MCT2 should be further explored as tumour marker and both MCT4 and CD147 as markers of poor prognosis in prostate cancer.NPG, CP and VMG received fellowships from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), refs. SFRH/BD/61027/2009, SFRH/BPD/69479/ 2010 and SFRH/BI/33503/2008, respectively. This work was supported by the FCT grant ref. PTDC/SAU-FCF/104347/2008, under the scope of Programa Operacional Temático Factores de Competitividade” (COMPETE) of Quadro Comunitário de Apoio III and co-financed by Fundo Comunitário Europeu FEDER

Colorectal carcinomas with microsatellite instability display a different pattern of target gene mutations according to large bowel site of origin

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Only a few studies have addressed the molecular pathways specifically involved in carcinogenesis of the distal colon and rectum. We aimed to identify potential differences among genetic alterations in distal colon and rectal carcinomas as compared to cancers arising elsewhere in the large bowel.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Constitutional and tumor DNA from a test series of 37 patients with rectal and 25 patients with sigmoid carcinomas, previously analyzed for microsatellite instability (MSI), was studied for <it>BAX</it>, <it>IGF2R</it>, <it>TGFBR2</it>, <it>MSH3</it>, and <it>MSH6 </it>microsatellite sequence alterations, <it>BRAF </it>and <it>KRAS </it>mutations, and <it>MLH1 </it>promoter methylation. The findings were then compared with those of an independent validation series consisting of 36 MSI-H carcinomas with origin from each of the large bowel regions. Immunohistochemical and germline mutation analyses of the mismatch repair system were performed when appropriate.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the test series, <it>IGFR2 </it>and <it>BAX </it>mutations were present in one and two out of the six distal MSI-H carcinomas, respectively, and no mutations were detected in <it>TGFBR2</it>, <it>MSH3</it>, and <it>MSH6</it>. We confirmed these findings in the validation series, with <it>TGFBR2 </it>and <it>MSH3 </it>microsatellite mutations occurring less frequently in MSI-H rectal and sigmoid carcinomas than in MSI-H colon carcinomas elsewhere (<it>P </it>= 0.00005 and <it>P </it>= 0.0000005, respectively, when considering all MSI-carcinomas of both series). No <it>MLH1 </it>promoter methylation was observed in the MSI-H rectal and sigmoid carcinomas of both series, as compared to 53% found in MSI-H carcinomas from other locations (<it>P </it>= 0.004). <it>KRAS </it>and <it>BRAF </it>mutational frequencies were 19% and 43% in proximal carcinomas and 25% and 17% in rectal/sigmoid carcinomas, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The mechanism and the pattern of genetic changes driving MSI-H carcinogenesis in distal colon and rectum appears to differ from that occurring elsewhere in the colon and further investigation is warranted both in patients with sporadic or hereditary disease.</p