Atividades Teórico-Práticas de Aprofundamento: enriquecimento da formação inicial por meio de um Sistema via web

Atividades Teórico-Práticas de Aprofundamento (ATPA) devem ser cumpridas por licenciandos em atividades tais como: seminários e estudos curriculares; projetos de iniciação científica e docente; residência docente; monitoria e extensão; entre outras. Estas são previstas em resolução e têm como objetivo o enriquecimento da formação inicial. A carga horária mínima é de 200 horas. Para tanto, é importante que os alunos reflitam sobre a atividade realizada e, nesse sentido, as Tecnologias Digitais poderão dar suporte. Nesse contexto, foi desenvolvido um Sistema que, entre outros aspectos, possibilita o registro da relação entre a atividade realizada e a licenciatura em curso, por meio da escrita de um relatório. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o sistema e a análise de dois testes desse sistema. Participaram dos testes alunos do 5º período da Licenciatura em Letras do IFFluminense. A pesquisa teve caráter qualitativo e foi do tipo exploratória. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram observação, questionário e as postagens no Sistema ATPA. De forma geral, o sistema foi avaliado positivamente pelos licenciandos. A escrita do relatório possibilitou a reflexão sobre a atividade realizada e, consequentemente, o enriquecimento da formação inicial docente

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in domestic non-commercial pigs reared in small-scale farms and wild boar in South of Brazil

Hepatitis E is a zoonotic emerging disease distributed worldwide. The domestic swine and wild boars (Sus scrofa) are known as important reservoirs of HEV although HEV infections have been detected in other animal species. The southern region of Brazil has the largest swine productions in the country, ranging from highly-specialized commercial swine productions to small-scale non-commercial pig farms. The small-scale farms allow interactions between wild boars and domestic pigs, when occasionally pathogens transmission can occur between these populations. The aim of this study was to determine HEV seroprevalence in non-commercial domestic pigs and wild boars from two southern Brazilian states (RS: Rio Grande do Sul; SC: Santa Catarina), and discuss if the consumption of raw or undercooked meat from these animals is a potential risk to public health. Animals from RS and SC States were sampled. Serum was harvested from wild boar hunted between 2012 and 2016, and from non-commercial small-scale pig farms in 2014. Overall 249 wild boars (56 from RS and 193 from SC) and 382 pigs (261 from RS and 121 from SC) were tested to detect anti-HEV IgG antibodies using a commercial HEV antibody ELISA kit (Thermo fisher), specific for swine. Overall difference was observed (P\u3c0.0001) regarding HEV seroprevalence between wild boar 4.42% (n=249) and non-commercial domestic pigs 46.60% (n=382). In relation to wild boars samples, higher seroprevalence for Hepatitis E was observed in RS (14.29%; n=56) and lower in SC (1.55%; n=193; P\u3c0.0004). In relation to pigs, RS had also higher seroprevalence (53.26%; n=261) than SC (32.23%; n=121; P\u3c0.0002). Although interactions between wild boar and non-commercial domestic pigs are known to occur, the lowest antibody detection in wild boar suggest that these contact may not be sufficient to explain seroprevalence in studied populations. Our results indicate that non-commercial pigs are a more likely source of infection for the human population than wild boar

Ocorrência de microrganismos em ração animal preparada artesanalmente a partir do licuri (Syagrus coronata)

During the dry season in the Brazilian Caatinga region when sources of food are very scanty, many farmers use alternative forms to feed their livestock. One of these alternative forms is the feed made with the fruits of licuri palm (Syagrus coronata), produced by hand by farmers or associations without any microbial control, until the present study. The control of the microbial growth in feeds, used in the animal feeding, aims mainly to decrease risks in the health of the meat consumers, by increasing sanitation and hygienic quality of the feed. Therefore, this work aimed to carry out a microbiological analysis (presence of salmonela, counting of mesophilic microorganisms, and contamination by filamentous fungi and yeasts) of the ration of licuri prepared by an association of agricultural producers from the town of Valente, Bahia. The microbiological quality in the analyzed samples was good in accordance with standardized microbiological norms from The Netherlands, without salmonela, low counting of mesophilic microorganisms, and low contamination by filamentous fungi and yeasts in all analyses that were conducted. This is the first work published that describes the microbiological quality of the licuri feed produced by hand.Durante a época de seca na região da Caatinga brasileira, quando a oferta de alimento é escassa, muitos produtores utilizam formas alternativas para alimentar seu rebanho. Uma delas é a ração à base de frutos de licurizeiro (Syagrus coronata), processada artesanalmente pelos próprios produtores rurais ou associações, sem nenhum controle microbiano, feito até o presente estudo. O controle do desenvolvimento microbiano em rações utilizadas na alimentação animal visa principalmente diminuir os riscos à saúde dos consumidores de carnes, melhorando a qualidade higiênica e sanitária da ração. Por isso, este trabalho objetivou a análise microbiológica (presença de salmonelas, contagem de microsganismos mesófilos e contaminação por fungos e leveduras) da ração à base de licuri preparada por uma associação de produtores rurais do município de Valente, Bahia. A qualidade microbiológica encontrada nas amostras analisadas foi boa quando comparada com as normas microbiológicas para ração padronizadas da Holanda, ocorrendo ausência de salmonelas, baixa contagem de microrganismos mesófilos e baixa contaminação por fungos filamentosos e leveduras em todas as análises realizadas. Este é o primeiro trabalho na literatura que descreve a qualidade microbiológica da ração à base de licuri produzida artesanalmente

Results of a Zika Virus (ZIKV) Immunoglobulin M-Specific Diagnostic Assay Are Highly Correlated With Detection of Neutralizing Anti-ZIKV Antibodies in Neonates With Congenital Disease.

BACKGROUND:  Usually, immunoglobulin M (IgM) serologic analysis is not sufficiently specific to confirm Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. However, since IgM does not cross the placenta, it may be a good marker of infection in neonates. METHODS:  We tested blood from 42 mothers and neonates with microcephaly and collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 30 neonates. Molecular assays were performed for detection of ZIKV, dengue virus, and chikungunya virus; IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and plaque-reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) were performed to detect ZIKV and dengue virus. No control neonates without microcephaly were evaluated. RESULTS:  Among neonates, all 42 tested positive for ZIKV IgM: 38 of 42 serum specimens (90.5%) were positive, whereas 30 of 30 CSF specimens (100%) were positive. ZIKV IgM-specific ELISA ratios, calculated as the mean optical density (OD) of the test sample when reacted on viral antigen divided by the mean OD of the negative control when reacted with viral antigen, were higher in CSF specimens (median, 14.9 [range, 9.3-16.4]) than in serum (median, 8.9 [range, 2.1-20.6]; P = .0003). All ZIKV IgM-positive results among the neonates were confirmed by the detection of neutralizing antibodies. Mother/neonate pairs with primary ZIKV infection had neutralizing antibodies to ZIKV only, and mother/neonate pairs with ZIKV virus infection secondary to infection with another flavivirus had high titers of neutralizing antibodies to ZIKV. Among secondary infections, median titers in serum were 2072 (range, 232-12 980) for mothers and 2730 (range, 398-12 980) for neonates (P < .0001), and the median titer in CSF was 93 (range, 40-578) among neonates (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS:  Among neonates, detection of ZIKV IgM in serum is confirmatory of congenital ZIKV infection, and detection of ZIKV IgM in CSF is confirmatory of neurologic infection. Therefore, we recommend testing for ZIKV IgM in neonates suspected of having congenital ZIKV infection and performance of PRNTs in equivocal cases

Hepatite E suína : estudo epidemiológico e desenvolvimento de ferramentas para o uso em diagnóstico

A hepatite E é uma doença aguda do fígado, causada pelo vírus da hepatite E (HEV). Este vírus é membro da família Hepeviridae, cujo genoma consiste de uma fita simples de RNA positivo envolto por um capsídeo não envelopado. O HEV possui quatro genótipos (genótipos 1-4), sendo os genótipos 1 e 2 encontrados apenas em humanos, e os genótipos 3 e 4 considerados zoonóticos. Os suínos parecem ser o principal reservatório animal para os genótipos zoonóticos, embora o vírus tenha sido identificado também em outros animais. Devido ao seu potencial zoonótico, a preocupação dos órgãos de saúde pública tem aumentado com esta infecção. Objetivando avaliar a presença do HEV em suínos confinados e javalis livres, realizou-se ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) para verificação da presença de IgG anti-HEV nesses animais. Do total de amostras analisadas, 100% das amostras de javalis foram negativas para a presença deste anticorpo, enquanto que 50% das amostras de suínos domésticos foram positivas. Embora métodos de diagnósticos tenham sido desenvolvidos e aplicados na investigação da infecção pelo HEV suíno, os kits disponíveis são importados e de alto custo para serem aplicados em pesquisa e na rotina de laboratórios. Objetivando contribuir no desenvolvimento de ferramentas para o uso em diagnóstico da hepatite E suína, este trabalho também realizou a clonagem e expressão em Escherichia coli de um segmento do gene que codifica o capsídeo do HEV. A proteína foi expressa e purificada, embora em pequena quantidade. Esse trabalho é a primeira análise sorológica da presença do HEV envolvendo suínos selvagens no Brasil. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a circulação desse vírus em rebanhos brasileiros, bem como a ausência do mesmo na população de javalis selvagens estudada. Assim, esse trabalho alerta para o risco de transmissão zoonótica, contribui para estudos de epidemiologia do HEV no Brasil, e no desenvolvimento de ferramentas para fins biotecnológicos no estudo da infecção pelo HEV.Hepatitis E is an acute liver disease caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV). This virus is a member of family Hepeviridae, whose genome consists of a single-stranded RNA surrounded by a non-enveloped capsid. The HEV has four genotypes (genotypes 1-4), the genotypes 1 and 2, are found only found in humans, and genotypes 3 and 4 are considered as zoonotic. The pigs appear to be the main animal reservoir for zoonotic genotypes, although the virus has been identified in other animals. The concern of public health agencies with this infection has increased considerably due to its zoonotic potential. To evaluate the presence of HEV in confined pigs and wild boars, the enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) was used to identify anti-HEV IgG antibody in these animals. Among all samples in the present study, wild boar samples were negative (100%) for the presence of this antibody, whereas 50% of domestic pigs were positive. Although diagnostic methods have been developed and applied in the investigation of swine HEV infection, the available kits are imported and expensive to be use in research and routine laboratories. To contribute for the development of tools for diagnosis, this work also performed the cloning and expression methods in Escherichia coli bacteria system of a segment gene encoding the capsid HEV. The protein was expressed and purified although in small quantities. This work is the first serologic report about the HEV in wild boars from Brazil. These results confirm the circulation of HEV in Brazilian herds of domestic pigs and demostrates that the virus is not circulating among wild boars. This study shows that the risk of zoonotic transmission exist. Also, contributes to the HEV epidemiology studies in Brazil and to the development of biotechnological tools in the HEV infection.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNP

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in domestic non-commercial pigs reared in small-scale farms and wild boar in South of Brazil

Hepatitis E is a zoonotic emerging disease distributed worldwide. The domestic swine and wild boars (Sus scrofa) are known as important reservoirs of HEV although HEV infections have been detected in other animal species. The southern region of Brazil has the largest swine productions in the country, ranging from highly-specialized commercial swine productions to small-scale non-commercial pig farms. The small-scale farms allow interactions between wild boars and domestic pigs, when occasionally pathogens transmission can occur between these populations. The aim of this study was to determine HEV seroprevalence in non-commercial domestic pigs and wild boars from two southern Brazilian states (RS: Rio Grande do Sul; SC: Santa Catarina), and discuss if the consumption of raw or undercooked meat from these animals is a potential risk to public health. Animals from RS and SC States were sampled. Serum was harvested from wild boar hunted between 2012 and 2016, and from non-commercial small-scale pig farms in 2014. Overall 249 wild boars (56 from RS and 193 from SC) and 382 pigs (261 from RS and 121 from SC) were tested to detect anti-HEV IgG antibodies using a commercial HEV antibody ELISA kit (Thermo fisher), specific for swine. Overall difference was observed (P<0.0001) regarding HEV seroprevalence between wild boar 4.42% (n=249) and non-commercial domestic pigs 46.60% (n=382). In relation to wild boars samples, higher seroprevalence for Hepatitis E was observed in RS (14.29%; n=56) and lower in SC (1.55%; n=193; P<0.0004). In relation to pigs, RS had also higher seroprevalence (53.26%; n=261) than SC (32.23%; n=121; P<0.0002). Although interactions between wild boar and non-commercial domestic pigs are known to occur, the lowest antibody detection in wild boar suggest that these contact may not be sufficient to explain seroprevalence in studied populations. Our results indicate that non-commercial pigs are a more likely source of infection for the human population than wild boar.</p

A Sensitive and Selective Label-Free Electrochemical DNA Biosensor for the Detection of Specific Dengue Virus Serotype 3 Sequences

Submitted by Adagilson Silva ([email protected]) on 2017-11-13T18:52:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 26140346 2015 oli-sen.oa.pdf: 1223079 bytes, checksum: 797ccbe9dde8051f30ce5961b79606f6 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Adagilson Silva ([email protected]) on 2017-11-13T19:14:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 26140346 2015 oli-sen.oa.pdf: 1223079 bytes, checksum: 797ccbe9dde8051f30ce5961b79606f6 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-13T19:14:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 26140346 2015 oli-sen.oa.pdf: 1223079 bytes, checksum: 797ccbe9dde8051f30ce5961b79606f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-01Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Recife, PE, BrasilDengue fever is the most prevalent vector-borne disease in the world, with nearly 100 million people infected every year. Early diagnosis and identification of the pathogen are crucial steps for the treatment and for prevention of the disease, mainly in areas where the co-circulation of different serotypes is common, increasing the outcome of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Due to the lack of fast and inexpensive methods available for the identification of dengue serotypes, herein we report the development of an electrochemical DNA biosensor for the detection of sequences of dengue virus serotype 3 (DENV-3). DENV-3 probe was designed using bioinformatics software and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used for electrochemical analysis. The results showed that a 22-m sequence was the best DNA probe for the identification of DENV-3. The optimum concentration of the DNA probe immobilized onto the electrode surface is 500 nM and a low detection limit of the system (3.09 nM). Moreover, this system allows selective detection of DENV-3 sequences in buffer and human serum solutions. Therefore, the application of DNA biosensors for diagnostics at the molecular level may contribute to future advances in the implementation of specific, effective and rapid detection methods for the diagnosis dengue viruses