Chloroplast structure and function in wild-type and aurea-type leaves of the Japanese spindle-tree over their life span

The evergreen leaves of the Japanese spindle-tree (Euonymus japonicus Thunb. \u27Aureomarginatus\u27) are adapted to endure repeated freezing and thawing during the winter. We investigated the physiological and morphological characteristics of the chloroplasts in young, overwintering, and overwintered wild-type and aurea-type leaves. When developing in the shade, both leaf types during their life span maintained a well-developed thylakoid system in their chloroplasts. The photosynthesis rates were also similar. When growing in intense sunlight, the aurea variety contained chloroplasts with a reduced thylakoid system, but photosynthesis was less reduced. In spring, overwintered leaves of both varieties clearly showed ultrastructural and physiological characteristics of senescence. The senescence in aurea leaves exposed to full sunlight was more pronounced

Structural changes of lamellar cells in leaves of the moss Polytrichum formosum Hedw. during winter freezing and thawing processes

The lamellar cells of winter leaves of Polytrichum formosum were studied by electron microscopy of thin sections, and the results were compared with those for spring and summer plants. Pigment content and photosynthetic activity were also analysed. The lamellar cells of winter plants, when grown at temperatures above zero, had a similar ultrastructure to those of spring and summer plants. Their pigment content and photosynthetic activity were also similar. On the other hand, the lamellar cells of frozen plants (examined at temperatures about –5 °C) were desiccated, i.e. deformed, the cytosol was shrunken, and the ribosomes and mitochondria were aggregated. The thylakoid system of their chloroplasts was irregularly arranged and the grana thylakoids were compressed. The desiccation of the cells was soon annulled when the ambient temperature rose above zero

CoSimLex : A Resource for Evaluating Graded Word Similarity in Context

State of the art natural language processing tools are built on context-dependent word embeddings, but no direct method for evaluating these representations currently exists. Standard tasks and datasets for intrinsic evaluation of embeddings are based on judgements of similarity, but ignore context; standard tasks for word sense disambiguation take account of context but do not provide continuous measures of meaning similarity. This paper describes an effort to build a new dataset, CoSimLex, intended to fill this gap. Building on the standard pairwise similarity task of SimLex-999, it provides context-dependent similarity measures; covers not only discrete differences in word sense but more subtle, graded changes in meaning; and covers not only a well-resourced language (English) but a number of less-resourced languages. We define the task and evaluation metrics, outline the dataset collection methodology, and describe the status of the dataset so far.Peer reviewe

Expression and immunolocalization of metallothioneins MT1, MT2 and MT3 in rat nephron

Rodent kidneys exhibit three isoforms of metallothioneins (MTs), MT1, MT2 and MT3, with poorly characterized localization along the nephron. Here we studied in adult male Wistar rats the renal expression of MTs mRNA by end-point RT-PCR and MT proteins by immunochemical methods The expression pattern of MT1 mRNA was cortex (CO)>outer stripe (OS)=inner stripe (IS)=inner medulla (IM), of MT2 mRNA was IM>CO>IS=OS, and of MT3 mRNA was IM>CO=OS=IM. MT1/2-antibody stained with heterogeneous intensity the cell cytoplasm and nuclei in proximal tubule (PT) and thin ascending limb, whereas MT3-antibody stained weakly the cell cytoplasm in various cortical tubules and strongly the nuclei in all nephron segments. However, the isolated nuclei exhibited an absence of MT1/2 and presence of MT3 protein. In MT1/2-positive PT cells, the intracellular staining appeared diffuse or bipolar, but the isolated brush-border, basolateral and endosomal membranes were devoid of MT1/2 proteins. In the lumen of some PT profiles, the heterogeneously sized MT1/2-rich vesicles were observed, with the limiting membrane positive for NHE3, but negative for V-ATPase, CAIV, and megalin, whereas their interior was positive for CAII and negative for cytoskeleton. They seem to be pinched off from the luminal membrane of MT1/2-rich cells, as also indicated by transmission electron microscopy. We conclude that in male rats, MTs are heterogeneously abundant in the cell cytoplasm and/or nuclei along the nephron. The MT1/2-rich vesicles in the tubule lumen may represent a source of urine MT and membranous material, whereas MT3 in nuclei may handle zink and locally-produced reactive oxygen species

Adquisición automática de recursos para traducción automática en el proyecto Abu-MaTran

This paper provides an overview of the research and development activities carried out to alleviate the language resources' bottleneck in machine translation within the Abu-MaTran project. We have developed a range of tools for the acquisition of the main resources required by the two most popular approaches to machine translation, i.e. statistical (corpora) and rule-based models (dictionaries and rules). All these tools have been released under open-source licenses and have been developed with the aim of being useful for industrial exploitation.Este artículo presenta una panorámica de las actividades de investigación y desarrollo destinadas a aliviar el cuello de botella que supone la falta de recursos lingüísticos en el campo de la traducción automática que se han llevado a cabo en el ámbito del proyecto Abu-MaTran. Hemos desarrollado un conjunto de herramientas para la adquisición de los principales recursos requeridos por las dos aproximaciones m as comunes a la traducción automática, modelos estadísticos (corpus) y basados en reglas (diccionarios y reglas). Todas estas herramientas han sido publicadas con licencias libres y han sido desarrolladas con el objetivo de ser útiles para ser explotadas en el ámbito comercial.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant agreement PIAP-GA-2012-324414 (Abu-MaTran)

Navika tjelesne aktivnosti kod autora koji su objavljivali u Hrvatskom časopisu za javno zdravstvo

Navike se mogu definirati kao stečeni oblik ponašanja. Navike nastaju višestrukim, višegodišnjim, ponavljanjem odgovarajućih pokreta ili radnji. Postoje razne vrste navika npr. navike ponašanja, higijenske navike, radne navike itd. Neke od njih su pozitivne, a neke negativne. Tjelesna aktivnost je primjer pozitivne navike, koja pridonosi poboljšanju psiho-fizičkog stanja čovjeka, te je stog vrlo važna u primarnoj prevenciji niza kroničnih i akutnih bolesti. Da bi se stvorila navika redovitog tjelesnog vježbanja potrebno je, unatoč fizičkom zamoru koji proizlazi iz same aktivnosti, ponavljati odgovarajuće vježbe ili aktivnosti iz dana u dan, iz godine u godinu. Kada organizam počne prepoznavati umor u vrijeme treninga, a pogotovo nakon treninga, kao vrhunac ugode, tada možete biti sigurni da ste ovisnik o jednoj pozitivnoj navici- tjelesnoj aktivnosti.

Navika tjelesne aktivnosti kod autora koji su objavljivali u Hrvatskom časopisu za javno zdravstvo

Navike se mogu definirati kao stečeni oblik ponašanja. Navike nastaju višestrukim, višegodišnjim, ponavljanjem odgovarajućih pokreta ili radnji. Postoje razne vrste navika npr. navike ponašanja, higijenske navike, radne navike itd. Neke od njih su pozitivne, a neke negativne. Tjelesna aktivnost je primjer pozitivne navike, koja pridonosi poboljšanju psiho-fizičkog stanja čovjeka, te je stog vrlo važna u primarnoj prevenciji niza kroničnih i akutnih bolesti. Da bi se stvorila navika redovitog tjelesnog vježbanja potrebno je, unatoč fizičkom zamoru koji proizlazi iz same aktivnosti, ponavljati odgovarajuće vježbe ili aktivnosti iz dana u dan, iz godine u godinu. Kada organizam počne prepoznavati umor u vrijeme treninga, a pogotovo nakon treninga, kao vrhunac ugode, tada možete biti sigurni da ste ovisnik o jednoj pozitivnoj navici- tjelesnoj aktivnosti.

Relatório de estágio em farmácia comunitária

Relatório de estágio realizado no âmbito do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, apresentado à Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbr