The cancellation of worldsheet anomalies in the D=10 Green--Schwarz heterotic string sigma--model

We determine the two--dimensional Weyl, Lorentz and $\kappa$--anomalies in the $D=10$ Green--Schwarz heterotic string sigma--model, in an $SO(1,9)$-Lorentz covariant background gauge, and prove their cancellation.Comment: 12 pages, Plain TeX, no figure

Women Authors in Medicine: A Gender Based Study on Authorship Opportunities and its Implications in Promotions in Medicine

Obtaining first authorship in research and published papers is widely held as grounds for promotions and advancements in the medical field. However, the opportunities to be involved in research and to have the primary authorship position are not equally divided amongst specialties, including primary care. Women physicians are becoming a greater percentage of the workforce in primary care, including Internal Medicine and the potential lack of opportunity for authorship may disproportionately affect their promotion. This poster presents the preliminary research on an investigation into the Indiana University School of Medicine’s Department of Medicine gender authorship profiles in the last five years. By utilizing the search engine scopus, a database of the papers written by physicians was created, and gender identifications of the first, second, and last author was made to find correlations between gender and authorship positions. These results will be used to make a case for reexamining the qualifications for promotions, and ensuring that genders have equal opportunity for job advancement and leadership in the medical field.https://jdc.jefferson.edu/sexandgenderhealth/1014/thumbnail.jp

Examining the Purdue Pegboard Test for Occupational Therapy Practice

Background: Occupational therapy ethics require that therapists use current assessment tools that provide useful comparison data. When an assessment only has normative data that is more than 40 years old, it cannot be considered current. The purpose of this study was to examine the past and current use of the Purdue Pegboard Test by occupational therapists and other professionals and to determine if it is beneficial to conduct a large normative study on the Purdue Pegboard Assembly Task (PPAT) in order to bring the test up to date. Method: This was a psychometric study of inter-rater reliability and a small normative study of the PPAT with 150 healthy working adults from MI. Descriptive statistics were used for normative means, standard deviations, and standard errors of measurement. Results: Inter-rater reliability was measured using the intra-class correlation coefficient for the mean of all student-rating teams of seven occupational therapy students. The result of the psychometric study determined the ICC was above .99. During the normative study, 150 participants performed the PPAT for three trials. Norms for gender and ages 18-49 and 50-62 are presented. Conclusion: The result of the inter-rater reliability test determined that OT students can be reliable raters for the PPAT. The normative study collected current norms for healthy working adults in MI, but validity testing and a larger normative study is needed to bring the psychometrics of the PPAT up to date to be generalized for current use by occupational therapists

Frequency and type of interval adverse events during the waiting period to complex aortic endovascular repair

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency and type of adverse events that can occur during the waiting period to complex aortic endovascular repair. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of all elective patients with complex aortic aneurysms (including pararenal, suprarenal, thoracoabdominal, and aortic arch aneurysms) that had required a custom-made device (CMD) from Cook Medical (Bloomington, Ind) at a tertiary referral vascular center (November 2010 to May 2020). The waiting period was defined as the interval between the date of the stent-graft order and the date of the procedure or cancellation. Interval adverse events were defined as any event that had occurred during the waiting period and led to either mortality, aneurysm rupture, or cancellation of the planned procedure. Results: A total of 235 patients (mean age, 72 years; 25% female) had had a CMD graft ordered (201 planned as a single-stage procedure). The median waiting time until surgery was 106 days (interquartile range [IQR], 77-146 days) in the whole cohort and 101 days (IQR, 77-140 days) for the single-stage cohort. The planned procedure was performed electively in 219 patients (93%), with an overall 30-day elective mortality of 2% (n = 5). A total of 16 interval adverse events occurred during the waiting period. Of these 16 events, 10 were aneurysm ruptures and 6 were cancellations of the procedure owing to non–aneurysm-related deaths (3% of the entire cohort). A total of 10 interval deaths were registered (4.2%), 4 of which were aneurysm related. The risk of rupture during the waiting period (Kaplan-Meier) was 6.1% ± 2.3% at 180 days. The median interval from the stent-graft order to aneurysm rupture was 101 days (IQR, 54-200 days). Of the 10 aneurysm ruptures that had occurred, 6 had undergone emergent repair, with 0% mortality at 30 days (one open repair, one t-Branch, one physician-modified endograft, two cases for which the CMD was already available, one case for which a different CMD was available). Conclusions: The median waiting time from the stent-graft order to implantation was ∼15 weeks. During this waiting period, a substantial proportion of patients could experience adverse events, either related to aneurysm rupture or underlying comorbidities. The risk of rupture during the waiting period exceeded the risk of perioperative mortality. Thus, efforts to decrease this risk could significantly improve the outcomes. A combination of different techniques might play a vital role in reducing the mortality after cases of interval rupture

Symbiotic and genetic diversity of Rhizobium galegae isolates collected from the Galega orientalis gene center in the Caucasus

This paper explores the relationship between the genetic diversity of rhizobia and the morphological diversity of their plant hosts. Rhizobium galegae strains were isolated from nodules of wild Galega orientalis and Galega officinalis in the Caucasus, the center of origin for G. orientalis. All 101 isolates were characterized by genomic amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting and by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the rRNA intergenic spacer and of five parts of the symbiotic region adjacent to nod box sequences. By all criteria, the R. galegae bv. officinalis and R. galegae bv. orientalis strains form distinct clusters. The nod box regions are highly conserved among strains belonging to each of the two biovars but differ structurally to various degrees between the biovars. The findings suggest varying evolutionary pressures in different parts of the symbiotic genome of closely related R. galegae biovars. Sixteen R. galegae bv. orientalis strains harbored copies of the same insertion sequence element; all were isolated from a particular site and belonged to a limited range of chromosomal genotypes. In all analyses, the Caucasian R. galegae bv. orientalis strains were more diverse than R. galegae bv. officinalis strains, in accordance with the gene center theory

T-duality for the sigma model with boundaries

We derive the most general local boundary conditions necessary for T-duality to be compatible with superconformal invariance of the two-dimensional N=1 supersymmetric nonlinear sigma model with boundaries. To this end, we construct a consistent gauge invariant parent action by gauging a U(1) isometry, with and without boundary interactions. We investigate the behaviour of the boundary conditions under T-duality, and interpret the results in terms of D-branes.Comment: 48 pages, LaTeX, v2: typos corrected, references adde

Evolution of drug-tolerant nematode populations in response to density reduction

Resistance to xenobiotics remains a pressing issue in parasite treatment and global agriculture. Multiple factors may affect the evolution of resistance, including interactions between life-history traits and the strength of selection imposed by different drug doses. We experimentally created replicate selection lines of free-living Caenorhabditis remanei exposed to Ivermectin at high and low doses to assess whether survivorship of lines selected in drug-treated environments increased, and if this varied with dose. Additionally, we maintained lines where mortality was imposed randomly to control for differences in density between drug treatments and to distinguish between the evolutionary consequences of drug-treatment versus ecological processes due to changes in density-dependent feedback. After 10 generations, we exposed all of the selected lines to high-dose, low-dose and drug-free environments to evaluate evolutionary changes in survivorship as well as any costs to adaptation. Both adult and juvenile survival were measured to explore relationships between life-history stage, selection regime and survival. Intriguingly, both drug-selected and random-mortality lines showed an increase in survivorship when challenged with Ivermectin; the magnitude of this increase varied with the intensity of selection and life-history stage. Our results suggest that interactions between density-dependent processes and life history may mediate evolved changes in susceptibility to control measures

Development and validation of two self-reported tools for insulin resistance and hypertension risk assessment in a European cohort : the Feel4Diabetes-study

Early identification of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension (HTN) risk may improve prevention and promote public health. Implementation of self-reported scores for risk assessment provides an alternative cost-effective tool. The study aimed to develop and validate two easy-to-apply screening tools identifying high-risk individuals for insulin resistance (IR) and HTN in a European cohort. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric and clinical data obtained from 1581 and 1350 adults (baseline data from the Feel4Diabetes-study) were used for the European IR and the European HTN risk assessment index respectively. Body mass index, waist circumference, sex, age, breakfast consumption, alcohol, legumes and sugary drinks intake, physical activity and sedentary behavior were significantly correlated with Homeostatic Model Assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) and/or HTN and incorporated in the two models. For the IR index, the Area Under the Curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity for identifying individuals above the 75th and 95th of HOMA-IR percentiles were 0.768 (95%CI: 0.721–0.815), 0.720 and 0.691 and 0.828 (95%CI: 0.766–0.890), 0.696 and 0.778 respectively. For the HTN index, the AUC, sensitivity and specificity were 0.778 (95%CI: 0.680–0.876), 0.667 and 0.797. The developed risk assessment tools are easy-to-apply, valid, and low-cost, identifying European adults at high risk for developing T2DM or having HTN

Heterogeneity in small aliquots of Apolllo 15 olivine-normative basalt: Implications for breccia clast studies

Most of the recent advances in lunar petrology are the direct result of breccia pull-apart studies, which have identified a wide array of new highland and mare basalt rock types that occur only as clasts within the breccias. These rocks show that the lunar crust is far more complex than suspected previously, and that processes such as magma mixing and wall-rock assimilation were important in its petrogenesis. These studies are based on the implicit assumption that the breccia clasts, which range in size from a few mm to several cm across, are representative of the parent rock from which they were derived. In many cases, the aliquot allocated for analysis may be only a few grain diameters across. While this problem is most acute for coarse-grained highland rocks, it can also cause considerable uncertainty in the analysis of mare basalt clasts. Similar problems arise with small aliquots of individual hand samples. Our study of sample heterogeneity in 9 samples of Apollo 15 olivine normative basalt (ONB) which exhibit a range in average grain size from coarse to fine are reported. Seven of these samples have not been analyzed previously, one has been analyzed by INAA only, and one has been analyzed by XRF+INAA. Our goal is to assess the effects of small aliquot size on the bulk chemistry of large mare basalt samples, and to extend this assessment to analyses of small breccia clasts

Bangladesh Norms for a Gender-Specific Functional Fine Dexterity Test (FFDT)

Background: Good psychometrics and cultural relevance are needed for evidence-based practice. Occupational therapy (OT) assessment tools in Bangladesh have been developed outside of Bangladesh and have not been validated or normed for Bangladeshis. This normative and psychometric study was to provide culturally relevant norms for in Bangladesh for bilateral fine motor. Method: The Functional Fine Dexterity Test (FFDT) consists of two functional/self-care gender-specific task instruments: a shirt with five buttons for males and a pinning board for females. Raters were trained in timing these tasks. Results: Intra-Class Correlation (ICC) scores were \u3e .85 for all rater teams. Participants were timed three times while they completed the task. Convergent validity was examined using a Pearson’s Product-Moment correlation to compare the average of three trials of the FFDT and three trials of the Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT). Male and female norms were developed for the FFDT using descriptive statistics. The sample included 180 Bangladesh participants. Convergent validity, when compared to the NHPT, ranged from r = .4 to .67 for males (ages 18-29 and 40-49), p \u3c .05; and r = .53 to .76 for females (aged 18-39), p \u3c .05. FFDT norms were developed for gender and age categories. Conclusion: The FFDT is a valid test to use for evaluating fine motor dexterity in Bangladesh. This is the first OT instrument to be studied for culturally relevancy