Pediatric (Otolaryngology) at the Public Health System of a city in Southeastern Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To assess the suitability of referral from primary to secondary care in pediatric Otolaryngology. METHODS: The study was performed in the city of Belo Horizonte, in the state of Minas Gerais, from March 2004 to May 2005. A total of 408 pre-school children referred from primary care to secondary care in the department of Otolaryngology presenting with otitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and tonsillar/adenoidal hypertrophy was assessed. The studied variables were: agreement between diagnoses in primary and secondary care; waiting time for doctor's appointment; follow-up, and professional (pediatrician or family physician) that examined children in primary care. Agreement of diagnoses was assessed using kappa statistics. RESULTS: Patients were five years old on average, 214 (52.5%) were boys, mean waiting time for appointment was 3.7 months. Diagnoses in primary and secondary care were respectively: otitis (44%, 49%), tonsillar/adenoidal hypertrophy (22%, 33%), tonsillitis (18%, 23%), sinusitis (13%, 21%), allergic rhinitis (3%, 33%). Agreement analysis of kappa was 0.15 for otitis with effusion, 0.35 for recurrent otitis, 0.04 for tonsillar/adenoidal hypertrophy, 0.43 for tonsillitis, 0.05 for allergic rhinitis, and 0.2 for sinusitis. Diagnoses in primary care referred to secondary care were in agreement when given either by pediatrician or family physician. CONCLUSIONS: Unsuitability of referrals from primary to secondary care in otolaryngology was expressed by the long time waiting for appointments and by the low agreement between diagnoses in different level of care for the same patients. Primary health care could be more efficient if professionals were better qualified in Otolaryngology.OBJETIVO: Analisar a adequação dos encaminhamentos da atenção primária para a secundária em otorrinolaringologia pediátrica. MÉTODOS: Estudo realizado em Belo Horizonte, estado de Minas Gerais, de março de 2004 a maio de 2005. Foram avaliadas 408 crianças pré-escolares encaminhadas da atenção primária para a secundária do setor de otorrinolaringologia com otite, faringoamigdalite, rinossinusite, rinite alérgica e hipertrofia de amígdala/adenóide. As variáveis analisadas foram: concordância dos diagnósticos na atenção primária e secundária, tempo de espera pela consulta, acompanhamento e especialista (médico de família ou pediatra) que examinou a criança na atenção primária. A concordância dos diagnósticos foi avaliada pela análise estatística de kappa. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes tinham em média cinco anos de idade, dos quais 214 (52,5%) eram meninos, o tempo médio de espera pela consulta foi de 3,7 meses. Os diagnósticos na atenção primária e secundária foram, respectivamente: otite (44%, 49%), hipertrofia de amígdala/adenóide (22%, 33%), faringoamigdalite (18%, 23%), rinossunusite (13%, 21%), rinite alérgica (3%, 33%). Análise de concordância kappa foi 0,15 para otite com efusão, 0,35 para otite recorrente, 0,04 para hipertrofia de amígdala/adenóide, 0,43 para faringoamigdalite, 0,05 para rinite alérgica; 0,2 para rinossinusite. Os diagnósticos na atenção primária para encaminhamento à secundária, definidos pelo médico de família ou pelo pediatra que avaliou a criança foram concordantes. CONCLUSÕES: A inadequação dos encaminhamentos da atenção primária para a secundária em otorrinolaringologia foi expressa pelo longo tempo de espera pela consulta e pela baixa concordância de diagnósticos firmados entre os níveis de atenção para os mesmos pacientes avaliados. A atenção primária poderia se tornar mais eficiente se os profissionais fossem mais bem capacitados em otorrinolaringologia

Aspectos quantitativos do nistagmo a prova calórica em indivíduos normais: estudo vecto-electronistagmográfico

BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertaçõe

Aspectos qualitativos do nistagmo a prova calórica em síndromes do sistema nervoso central: estudo vecto-electronistagmográfico

BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertaçõe

Otorrinolaringologia pediátrica no Sistema Público de Saúde de Belo Horizonte Pediatric (Otolaryngology) at the Public Health System of a city in Southeastern Brazil

OBJETIVO: Analisar a adequação dos encaminhamentos da atenção primária para a secundária em otorrinolaringologia pediátrica. MÉTODOS: Estudo realizado em Belo Horizonte, estado de Minas Gerais, de março de 2004 a maio de 2005. Foram avaliadas 408 crianças pré-escolares encaminhadas da atenção primária para a secundária do setor de otorrinolaringologia com otite, faringoamigdalite, rinossinusite, rinite alérgica e hipertrofia de amígdala/adenóide. As variáveis analisadas foram: concordância dos diagnósticos na atenção primária e secundária, tempo de espera pela consulta, acompanhamento e especialista (médico de família ou pediatra) que examinou a criança na atenção primária. A concordância dos diagnósticos foi avaliada pela análise estatística de kappa. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes tinham em média cinco anos de idade, dos quais 214 (52,5%) eram meninos, o tempo médio de espera pela consulta foi de 3,7 meses. Os diagnósticos na atenção primária e secundária foram, respectivamente: otite (44%, 49%), hipertrofia de amígdala/adenóide (22%, 33%), faringoamigdalite (18%, 23%), rinossunusite (13%, 21%), rinite alérgica (3%, 33%). Análise de concordância kappa foi 0,15 para otite com efusão, 0,35 para otite recorrente, 0,04 para hipertrofia de amígdala/adenóide, 0,43 para faringoamigdalite, 0,05 para rinite alérgica; 0,2 para rinossinusite. Os diagnósticos na atenção primária para encaminhamento à secundária, definidos pelo médico de família ou pelo pediatra que avaliou a criança foram concordantes. CONCLUSÕES: A inadequação dos encaminhamentos da atenção primária para a secundária em otorrinolaringologia foi expressa pelo longo tempo de espera pela consulta e pela baixa concordância de diagnósticos firmados entre os níveis de atenção para os mesmos pacientes avaliados. A atenção primária poderia se tornar mais eficiente se os profissionais fossem mais bem capacitados em otorrinolaringologia.<br>OBJECTIVE: To assess the suitability of referral from primary to secondary care in pediatric Otolaryngology. METHODS: The study was performed in the city of Belo Horizonte, in the state of Minas Gerais, from March 2004 to May 2005. A total of 408 pre-school children referred from primary care to secondary care in the department of Otolaryngology presenting with otitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and tonsillar/adenoidal hypertrophy was assessed. The studied variables were: agreement between diagnoses in primary and secondary care; waiting time for doctor's appointment; follow-up, and professional (pediatrician or family physician) that examined children in primary care. Agreement of diagnoses was assessed using kappa statistics. RESULTS: Patients were five years old on average, 214 (52.5%) were boys, mean waiting time for appointment was 3.7 months. Diagnoses in primary and secondary care were respectively: otitis (44%, 49%), tonsillar/adenoidal hypertrophy (22%, 33%), tonsillitis (18%, 23%), sinusitis (13%, 21%), allergic rhinitis (3%, 33%). Agreement analysis of kappa was 0.15 for otitis with effusion, 0.35 for recurrent otitis, 0.04 for tonsillar/adenoidal hypertrophy, 0.43 for tonsillitis, 0.05 for allergic rhinitis, and 0.2 for sinusitis. Diagnoses in primary care referred to secondary care were in agreement when given either by pediatrician or family physician. CONCLUSIONS: Unsuitability of referrals from primary to secondary care in otolaryngology was expressed by the long time waiting for appointments and by the low agreement between diagnoses in different level of care for the same patients. Primary health care could be more efficient if professionals were better qualified in Otolaryngology

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2010: volume 4: as disciplinas escolares, os temas transversais e o processo de educação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora