Rendimiento de cultivos de guisantes en diferentes suelos agrícolas

The yield of pea plants (Pisum sativum cv. Lincoln) grown on 9 different soils of Granada has been studied to know the effectivity of the symbiosis established between native Rhizobium leguminosarum and the cultivar assayed. Results obtained have show high differences between the yields of plants grown in each of the soil assayed probably due to the effectivity of the native bacteria and their number in the soil.Se ha estudiado el rendimiento de plantas de guisante (Pisum sativum cv. Lincoln) crecidas en 9 suelos diferentes de la provincia de Granada con objeto de evaluar la efectividad de las simbiosis formadas entre Rhizobium leguminosarum autóctonos del suelo y el cultivar de planta huésped ensayada. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que existen notables diferencias en el rendimiento de las plantas crecidas en cada uno de los suelos ensayados, probablemente debido a la diferente efectividad de las bacterias y su número en el suelo

Rendimiento de cultivos de guisantes en diferentes suelos agrícolas

Se ha estudiado el rendimiento de plantas de guisante (Pisum sativum cv. Lincoln) crecidas en 9 suelos diferentes de la provincia de Granada con objeto de evaluar la efectividad de las simbiosis formadas entre Rhizobium legumino sarum autóctonos del suelo y el cultivar de planta huésped ensayada. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que existen notables diferencias en el rendimiento de las plantas crecidas en cada uno de los suelos ensayados, probablemente debido a la diferente efectividad de las bacterias y su número en el suelo.The yield of pea plants (Pisum sativum cv. Lincoln) grown on 9 different soils of Granada has been studied to know the effectivity of the symbiosis established between native Rhizobium leguminosarum and the cultivar assayed. Results obtained have show high differences between the yields of plants grown in each of the soil assayed probably due to the effectivity of the native bacteria and their number in the soil

Variaciones del metabolismo del nitrógeno en nódulos radicales de habas (Vicia faba L.) a lo largo del fotoperiodo.

Diurnal variations in acetylene reduction is shown in nitro gen-fixing faba bean. The highest values for ARA occurred during the light period, while the lowest values were recorded during the dark periodo However, the glutamate synthase cycle enzymes (GS and NADH-GOGAT) and NADH-GDH show rhythmic behaviour on a cycle of 16 h, with maximum and minimum activities both being observed during the photoperiod as well the dark periodoLa reducción de acetileno en plantas de haba fijadoras de nitrógeno, mostró diferencias entre el día y la noche. Los mayores valores de ARA se detectaron durante el periodo de luz, mientras que en periodo de oscuridad los valores fueron inferiores. Por otra parte, las enzimas del ciclo de la glutamato sintasa (GS y NADH-GOGAT) y la NADH-GDH mostraron un comportamiento cíclico de 16 horas, observándose actividades máximas y mínimas tanto en el periodo de luz como en el de oscuridad

Organic and conventional dairy goat production systems in Andalusian mountainous areas

Organic goat production is poorly developed in Spain. Conventional dairy goat production systems located in Andalusian mountainous areas greatly depend on pasturing which implies that its transformation to organic model is not difficult. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the viability of organic dairy goat farms –as compared to conventional–, and to study the possibilities of transitioning from conventional to organic goat production. This study was carried out in 2006 in Sierra de Cádiz (Andalusia) with the autochthonous breed Payoya. To monitor technico-economic aspects of goat farms, FAO-CIHEAM method was implemented. Results indicate that organic farms are economically viable, due mainly to low costs of external feeds and income from European Union subsidies. For transitioning from conventional to organic dairy goat production a reduction of consumption of concentrates per animal and per year and/or cultivate grain on the farm are necessary.La production caprine biologique est encore peu développée en Espagne. Les systèmes caprins laitiers dans les zones de montagne de l’Andalousie disposent de grandes surfaces pour le pâturage, et, par conséquent, il est assez facile de transformer ces systèmes en systèmes biologiques. L’objectif de ce travail est d’évaluer la viabilité des systèmes caprins biologiques par rapport aux systèmes caprins conventionnels et d’étudier les possibilités de conversion des systèmes conventionnels en systèmes biologiques. L’étude a été réalisée en 2006 dans la Sierra de Cádiz (Andalousie) avec une race autochtone (Payoya). On a utilisé la méthodologie FAO-CIHEAM pour le suivi technico-économique des exploitations caprines. Les résultats montrent que les systèmes biologiques sont économiquement viables compte tenu surtout des moindres coûts alimentaires par rapport aux systèmes conventionnels et des aides de l’Union Européenne. Pour réussir la transformation des systèmes laitiers caprins conventionnels en systèmes biologiques, il faut réduire l’apport de concentrés et essayer de les produire dans l’exploitation.Junta Andalucí

A Model for the Development of the Rhizobial and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbioses in Legumes and Its Use to Understand the Roles of Ethylene in the Establishment of these two Symbioses

We propose a model depicting the development of nodulation and arbuscular mycorrhizae. Both processes are dissected into many steps, using Pisum sativum L. nodulation mutants as a guideline. For nodulation, we distinguish two main developmental programs, one epidermal and one cortical. Whereas Nod factors alone affect the cortical program, bacteria are required to trigger the epidermal events. We propose that the two programs of the rhizobial symbiosis evolved separately and that, over time, they came to function together. The distinction between these two programs does not exist for arbuscular mycorrhizae development despite events occurring in both root tissues. Mutations that affect both symbioses are restricted to the epidermal program. We propose here sites of action and potential roles for ethylene during the formation of the two symbioses with a specific hypothesis for nodule organogenesis. Assuming the epidermis does not make ethylene, the microsymbionts probably first encounter a regulatory level of ethylene at the epidermis–outermost cortical cell layer interface. Depending on the hormone concentrations there, infection will either progress or be blocked. In the former case, ethylene affects the cortex cytoskeleton, allowing reorganization that facilitates infection; in the latter case, ethylene acts on several enzymes that interfere with infection thread growth, causing it to abort. Throughout this review, the difficulty of generalizing the roles of ethylene is emphasized and numerous examples are given to demonstrate the diversity that exists in plants

Management of MDR-TB in HIV co-infected patients in Eastern Europe: Results from the TB: HIV study

Objectives: Mortality among HIV patients with tuberculosis (TB) remains high in Eastern Europe (EE), but details of TB and HIV management remain scarce. Methods: In this prospective study, we describe the TB treatment regimens of patients with multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB and use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Results: A total of 105 HIV-positive patients had MDR-TB (including 33 with extensive drug resistance) and 130 pan-susceptible TB. Adequate initial TB treatment was provided for 8% of patients with MDR-TB compared with 80% of those with pan-susceptible TB. By twelve months, an estimated 57.3% (95%CI 41.5-74.1) of MDR-TB patients had started adequate treatment. While 67% received ART, HIV-RNA suppression was demonstrated in only 23%. Conclusions: Our results show that internationally recommended MDR-TB treatment regimens were infrequently used and that ART use and viral suppression was well below the target of 90%, reflecting the challenging patient population and the environment in which health care is provided. Urgent improvement of management of patients with TB/HIV in EE, in particular for those with MDR-TB, is needed and includes widespread access to rapid TB diagnostics, better access to and use of second-line TB drugs, timely ART initiation with viral load monitoring, and integration of TB/HIV care

Multicentre International Registry of Open Surgical Versus Percutaneous Upper Extremity Access During Endovascular Aortic Procedures

Objective: To investigate access failure (AF) and stroke rates of aortic procedures performed with upper extremity access (UEA), and compare results of open surgical vs. percutaneous UEA techniques with closure devices. Methods: A physician initiated, multicentre, ambispective, observational registry (SUPERAXA - NCT04589962) was carried out of patients undergoing aortic procedures requiring UEA, including transcatheter aortic valve replacement, aortic arch, and thoraco-abdominal aortic endovascular repair, pararenal parallel grafts, renovisceral and iliac vessel repair. Only vascular procedures performed with an open surgical or percutaneous (with a suture mediated vessel closure device) UEA were analysed. Risk factors and endpoints were classified according to the Society for Vascular Surgery and VARC-3 (Valve Academic Research Consortium) reporting standards. A logistic regression model was used to identify AF and stroke risk predictors, and propensity matching was employed to compare the UEA closure techniques. Results: Sixteen centres registered 1 098 patients (806 men [73.4%]; median age 74 years, interquartile range 69 – 79 years) undergoing vascular procedures using open surgical (76%) or percutaneous (24%) UEA. Overall AF and stroke rates were 6.8% and 3.0%, respectively. Independent predictors of AF by multivariable analysis included pacemaker ipsilateral to the access (odds ratio [OR] 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2 – 12.1; p =.026), branched and fenestrated procedure (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.2 – 9.6; p =.019) and introducer internal diameter ≥ 14 F (OR 6.6, 95% CI 2.1 – 20.7; p =.001). Stroke was associated with female sex (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.3 – 9.0; p =.013), vessel diameter > 7 mm (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.1 – 13.8; p =.037), and aortic arch procedure (OR 7.3, 95% CI 1.7 – 31.1; p =.007). After 1:1 propensity matching, there was no difference between open surgical and percutaneous cohorts. However, a statistically significantly higher number of adjunctive endovascular procedures was recorded in the percutaneous cohort (p <.001). Conclusion: AF and stroke rates during complex aortic procedures employing UEA are non-negligible. Therefore, selective use of UEA is warranted. Percutaneous access with vessel closure devices is associated with similar complication rates, but more adjunctive endovascular procedures are required to avoid surgical exposure