Success factors of rhythmic gymnastics syllabus acquisition in persons of different genders

U ovom radu ispitivani su faktori uspešnosti usvajanja programskih sadržaja ritmičke gimnastike kod osoba različitog pola. Ciljevi istraživanja su bili da se utvrde morfološki, motorički, psihološki i muzički faktori, značajni za uspešnost usvajanja programskih sadržaja ritmičke gimnastike kod osoba različitog pola i da se ispita da li je kod osoba različitog pola, značaj tih faktora uspešnosti različit. Istraživanje je realizovano na uzorku od 58 ispitanika (29 ženskog pola i 29 muškog pola), studenata Fakulteta sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Univerziteta u Beogradu, uzrasta 20-21 godina. Programski sadržaji ritmičke gimnastike, u koje su bili uključeni svi ispitanici, realizovani su u okviru redovne nastave na predmetu Teorija i metodika ritmičke gimnastike, kontinuirano u periodu od tri meseca. Merenja morfoloških, motoričkih i psiholoških varijabli izvršena su pre početka programa ritmičke gimnastike, kao inicijalno merenje i po završetku programa, kao finalno merenje. Muzičke sposobnosti su procenjene u okviru inicijalnog merenja. Izvršena je procena morfološkog statusa ispitanika oba pola (telesna visina, sedeća visina, telesna masa, body mass index, dužina leve noge, dužina leve ruke) i motoričkog statusa ispitanika oba pola (motorički testovi za procenu ravnoteže, gipkosti, koordinacije u ritmu i opšte koordinacije, eksplozivne i repetitivne snage mišića opružača nogu). Utvrđene su psihološke karakteristike ispitanika oba pola u pogledu motivacije postignuća, pomoću instrumenta MOP2002, karakteristika fizičkog self-koncepta, pomoću Upitnika fizičkog samoopisivanja (Physical Self Description Questionnaire-PSDQ) i stava prema ritmičkoj gimnastici, pomoću instrumenta Konotativni diferencijal (CD-15). Procena muzičkih sposobnosti ispitanika oba pola izvršena je pomoću Sišor testa. Utvrđen je nivo savladanosti programskih sadržaja ritmičke gimnastike (sastav bez rekvizita, sastav vijačom, sastav loptom) putem ekspertske ocene, kao i povezanost između praćenih morfoloških, motoričkih, psiholoških i muzičkih varijabli i ekspertske ocene iz ritmičke gimnastike kod ispitanika oba pola...In this paper the success factors of rhythmic gymnastics syllabus acquisition in persons of different genders have been examined. The objectives of the research were to determine morphological, motor, psychological and musical factors important for successful acquisition of rhythmic gymnastics syllabus in persons of different gender and to examine whether the importance of these success factors is different in persons of different gender. The research was realized in the sample of 58 respondents (29 female and 29 male), students of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education of the University of Belgrade, aged 20-21. Rhythmic gymnastics syllabus, which involved all the respondents, has been realized during regular classes of Theory and teaching methods of rhythmic gymnastics, in the period of three months continuously. Measurement of morphological, motor and psychological variables was done before the beginning of rhythmic gymnastics program, as an initial measurement, and upon its completion as the final measurement. Musical abilities were estimated within the initial measurement. Estimation of morphological status of the respondents of both genders (body height, sitting height, body mass, body mass index, left leg length, left arm length), as well as the motor status of the respondents of both genders (motor test for balance, flexibility, rhythmic coordination and general coordination, explosive and repetitive muscle strength of leg extensors) was performed. Psychological characteristics of the respondents of both genders were determined with respect to achievement motivation, by means of MOP2002 instrument, characteristics of physical self-concept, by means of Physical Self - Description Questionnaire – PSDQ, and the attitude towards rhythmic gymnastics, by means of the connotative differential instrument (CD-15). Musical abilities estimation of the respondents of both genders was done by means of Seashore test. The level of mastered rhythmic gymnastics program (exercise without apparatus, exercise with the rope, exercise with the ball) by means of an expert’s evaluation, as well as the connection between the observed morphological, motor, psychological and musical variables and the expert’s evaluation of rhythmic gymnastics in respondents of both genders..

THE INFLUENCE OF PROPRIOCEPTIVE TRAINING ON YOUNG RHYTHMIC GYMNASTS BALANCE

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence proprioceptive training has on the development of the balance ability in young rhythmic gymnasts. This study was conducted on a sample of 60 healthy girls, aged 7-8, who practice rhythmic gymnastics. The whole sample was divided into two groups: an experimental (33 girls) and control (27 girls) one. The experimental group was engaged in proprioceptive training before regular rhythmic gymnastics training sessions  for a period of 12 weeks (24 training sessions), while the control group was engaged in only regular rhythmic gymnastics training. Based on earlier research, it was assumed that proprioceptive training will improve the balance ability in rhythmic gymnasts. To estimate the effects of this method of training, balance ability was assessed by 6 balance tests. All of the participants were tested before the commencing of the experiment and subsequently after 12 weeks of applying experimental treatment. To determine the differences in the results from the initial measuring and the final measuring, the t-test for dependent samples was used and the t-test for independent samples was used to determine the difference between groups at the initial and also at the final measuring. It was concluded that proprioceptive training can significantly improve the ability of rhythmic gymnasts aged 7-8 to maintain balance

The relations between certain motor abilities and success in rhythmic gymnastics in the students of different genders

The aim of this study was to examine the relations between the achievement in acquiring the program of rhythmic gymnastics (RG) and the motor abilities important for success in this sport discipline, in the students of different genders. The study included 58 Faculty of Sport and Physical Education students (29 male students and 29 female students, aged 20-21). Balance was measured using the 'Flamingo' balance test; overall coordination was measured using the test of 20 lunges with a stick; coordination in rhythm using the Drumming with legs and arms test; flexibility was measured using the Active straight leg raise test; explosive muscle power of the leg extensors was measured using the Split squat vertical jump test and High jump after a dismount and repetitive muscle power of the leg extensors was measured using the test of a Series of repetitive jumps lasting 15s. The success in RG was operationalized through the expert assessment. To determine the relationship between motor abilities and expert assessment Pearson's correlation analysis was used (Pearson-product moment). The results of this research indicate the conclusion that the motor abilities i.e. flexibility and coordination are significant for successful acquisition of the program contents of RG among the students of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education

Success factors of rhythmic gymnastics syllabus acquisition in persons of different genders

U ovom radu ispitivani su faktori uspešnosti usvajanja programskih sadržaja ritmičke gimnastike kod osoba različitog pola. Ciljevi istraživanja su bili da se utvrde morfološki, motorički, psihološki i muzički faktori, značajni za uspešnost usvajanja programskih sadržaja ritmičke gimnastike kod osoba različitog pola i da se ispita da li je kod osoba različitog pola, značaj tih faktora uspešnosti različit. Istraživanje je realizovano na uzorku od 58 ispitanika (29 ženskog pola i 29 muškog pola), studenata Fakulteta sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Univerziteta u Beogradu, uzrasta 20-21 godina. Programski sadržaji ritmičke gimnastike, u koje su bili uključeni svi ispitanici, realizovani su u okviru redovne nastave na predmetu Teorija i metodika ritmičke gimnastike, kontinuirano u periodu od tri meseca. Merenja morfoloških, motoričkih i psiholoških varijabli izvršena su pre početka programa ritmičke gimnastike, kao inicijalno merenje i po završetku programa, kao finalno merenje. Muzičke sposobnosti su procenjene u okviru inicijalnog merenja. Izvršena je procena morfološkog statusa ispitanika oba pola (telesna visina, sedeća visina, telesna masa, body mass index, dužina leve noge, dužina leve ruke) i motoričkog statusa ispitanika oba pola (motorički testovi za procenu ravnoteže, gipkosti, koordinacije u ritmu i opšte koordinacije, eksplozivne i repetitivne snage mišića opružača nogu). Utvrđene su psihološke karakteristike ispitanika oba pola u pogledu motivacije postignuća, pomoću instrumenta MOP2002, karakteristika fizičkog self-koncepta, pomoću Upitnika fizičkog samoopisivanja (Physical Self Description Questionnaire-PSDQ) i stava prema ritmičkoj gimnastici, pomoću instrumenta Konotativni diferencijal (CD-15). Procena muzičkih sposobnosti ispitanika oba pola izvršena je pomoću Sišor testa. Utvrđen je nivo savladanosti programskih sadržaja ritmičke gimnastike (sastav bez rekvizita, sastav vijačom, sastav loptom) putem ekspertske ocene, kao i povezanost između praćenih morfoloških, motoričkih, psiholoških i muzičkih varijabli i ekspertske ocene iz ritmičke gimnastike kod ispitanika oba pola...In this paper the success factors of rhythmic gymnastics syllabus acquisition in persons of different genders have been examined. The objectives of the research were to determine morphological, motor, psychological and musical factors important for successful acquisition of rhythmic gymnastics syllabus in persons of different gender and to examine whether the importance of these success factors is different in persons of different gender. The research was realized in the sample of 58 respondents (29 female and 29 male), students of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education of the University of Belgrade, aged 20-21. Rhythmic gymnastics syllabus, which involved all the respondents, has been realized during regular classes of Theory and teaching methods of rhythmic gymnastics, in the period of three months continuously. Measurement of morphological, motor and psychological variables was done before the beginning of rhythmic gymnastics program, as an initial measurement, and upon its completion as the final measurement. Musical abilities were estimated within the initial measurement. Estimation of morphological status of the respondents of both genders (body height, sitting height, body mass, body mass index, left leg length, left arm length), as well as the motor status of the respondents of both genders (motor test for balance, flexibility, rhythmic coordination and general coordination, explosive and repetitive muscle strength of leg extensors) was performed. Psychological characteristics of the respondents of both genders were determined with respect to achievement motivation, by means of MOP2002 instrument, characteristics of physical self-concept, by means of Physical Self - Description Questionnaire – PSDQ, and the attitude towards rhythmic gymnastics, by means of the connotative differential instrument (CD-15). Musical abilities estimation of the respondents of both genders was done by means of Seashore test. The level of mastered rhythmic gymnastics program (exercise without apparatus, exercise with the rope, exercise with the ball) by means of an expert’s evaluation, as well as the connection between the observed morphological, motor, psychological and musical variables and the expert’s evaluation of rhythmic gymnastics in respondents of both genders..

The speed of progress in the apparatus handling technique in rhythmic gymnastics

Specificity of rhythmic gymnastics as a sport and as a teaching device are apparatus routines. Considering lack of researches, the aim of our study was to determine ages of maturity when the development in apparatus routines performance is greater. Development in essential rope, hoop and ball routine performance was examined two times per year, through four years experimental period. The evaluation is carried out three-member RG-expert committee on a scale of 1 to 10. A total of twenty-seven competitors, examined at ages seven to fourteen, participate in this study. Based on data, we can notice that speed of progress in apparatus handling technique was not equal during observing maturity period. There was not significant development in most of examined routines between seven to nine years of ages. Significant development in this period has been achieved only in two rope routines (Vij1 i Vij2R) and one ball routine to (Lop2R). From eleven to twelve years of ages, significant development has been achieved for most of routines, except basic running with rope (Vij1) and hoop routine performed with weaker arm (Obr2L). At 12 to 13 years of ages, development of routines performance has not been statistically significant

The analysis of motor abilities development trend conducted on young girls engaged in practicing rhythmic gymnastics

The development or enhancement of motor abilities follows certain patterns; during the growth period of the human organism these patterns are closely related with the characteristics which define a certain age. The aim of this study is to determine the development/ enhancement trend of specific motor abilities of young girls engaged in practicing rhythmic gymnastics. The study was carried out on a sample of 202 girls aged 5 to 14 years, divided into subsamples according to their age. The evaluation of the status of motor activities was conducted through a series of specific tests intended to estimate coordination, agility, explosive strength and balance, while a t-test was applied to determine the significant differences in results achieved by the subjects of different ages engaged in this research. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the enhancement trend of motor abilities in the observed period of development does not follow a steady course. The study proved that generally the most sensitive period in the development of all analysed motor abilities lies between the ages of 6 and 11 and that during this period each of the studied motor abilities showed a different development trend

Derivative spectrophotometric method for determination of acidity constants of single step acid-base equilibria

A general derivative spectrophotometric method for determination of acidity constants is developed. The method appears suitable in cases when classical spectrophotometry cannot be employed due to little differences in the absorption spectra of conjugated acid-base pairs. Based on theoretical considerations, seven variants of the method have been established and their validity was checked, determining acidity constants of lorazepam and flurazepam as model compounds

The contribution of pubertal development to performance scores in high-level rhythmic gymnasts

Background: Puberty is a central process in the complex set of changes that constitutes the transition from childhood to adolescence. This period of maturation is characterized by a growth spurt which affects virtually the whole skeleton and muscles and thus affecting children's motor performance. Objective: The present study investigated the role of pubertal status in predicting success in rhythmic gymnasts' (RGs) performance. Methods: One hundred and twenty-six national- and international-level RGs (age: 11.95 ± 3.09 years, body height: 147.76 ± 14.61 cm, body mass: 37.75 ± 11.72 kg, BMI: 16.79 ± 2.26 kg/m2, menarcheal age: 13.57 ± 1.18 years, training experience: 5.88 ± 2.79 years), divided into five age group categories, volunteered to participate in the study. A self-assessment was used for the estimation of the stages of sexual maturity of their breasts and axillary hair development (i.e. Tanner method), whereas the data on RGs menarche were collected by the means of interviewing. Results: Regression analysis showed that axillary hair development was the only independent parameter that had a positive influence on RGs' performance scores (b = 1.693, p = .03, advanced RGs), but overall RGs' pubertal development had a statistically significant influence on their performance [R = .37, R2 = .14, F(3, 122) = 6.475, p < .001], with the explanation of participants' competitive/performance score (Success) in Rhythmic Gymnastics (RG) by 14% of variance. Conclusion: This research indicates that RGs' athletic performance can be predicted by parameters of pubertal development, but not that well (it explains the Success by 14% of variance), and RGs' axillary hair development is a significant predictor of RG performance. In the group of pubertal RGs the established negative relations between the three examined pubertal development parameters and the performance scores could indicate that late maturation is desirable in RG

RAZVOJ MOTORIČKIH SPOSOBNOSTI MLADIH SPORTISTA I GIMNASTIČARA U POČETNOJ FAZI PRIPREME

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of sports gymnastics and athletics training on the development of athletes’ motor abilities in the initial preparation phase. The study was conducted on a sample of 81 girls and boys of about 9 years of age, who train athletics (N=34) and gymnastics (N=47). A total of 9 variables were observed, three to assess anthropometric characteristics (body height, body mass and the body mass index) and 6 to assess the participants’ motor abilities (explosive leg power, repetitive power, agility, power endurance, flexibility, cardiorespiratory endurance). The one-sample t-test was used to compare the results with mean values of the general population of the same age, whereas a univariate ANOVA was used to compare the results between the athletes and the gymnasts of different genders. The results show that the level of motor development in girls is significantly higher than in the general population, while in boys, significant progress was not registered in power endurance and cardiorespiratory endurance, regardless of the sport they are engaged in. Regardless of gender, gymnasts have better flexibility compared to athletes, while athletes have significantly higher explosive power and agility.Cilj ove studije je da se utvrdi efekat sportske gimnastike i atletskog treninga na razvoj motoričkih sposobnosti sportista u početnoj fazi pripreme. Studija je sprovedena na uzorku od 81 devojčice i dečaka uzrasta 9 godina koji treniraju atletiku (N=34) i gimnastiku (N=47). Ukupno je praćeno 9 varijabli, tri za procenu antropometrijskih karakteristika (telesna visina, telesna masa i indeks telesne mase) i 6 za procenu motoričkih sposobnosti ispitanika (eksplozivna snaga nogu, repetitivna snaga, okretnost (agilnost), izdržljivost u snazi, fleksibilnost, kardiorespiratorna izdržljivost). U komparaciji srednjih vrednosti ispitanika istog uzrasta korišćen je t-test, dok je ANOVA metod korišćen za poređenje rezultata između sportista i gimnastičara različitog pola. Rezultati ukazuju da je nivo motoričkog razvoja devojčica znatno veći nego u opšte populacije, dok kod dečaka nije zabeležen značajan napredak u izdržljivosti u snazi i kardiorespiratornoj izdržljivosti, bez obzira na sportsku disciplinu kojom se bave. Bez obzira na pol, gimnastičari imaju bolju fleksibilnost u poređenju sa atletičarima, dok atletičari poseduju znatno veću eksplozivnu snagu i okretnost