Taking child abuse and mothering into account - Intersectional feminism as an alternative for the study of domestic violence

Feminist scholars have been engaged in an ongoing debate to determine which theoretical perspective offers the best framework for understanding domestic violence, and this debate has been crystallized around two pole positions: radical and postmodern feminism. This article presents a journey throughout the development of a theoretical perspective for the study of domestic violence, child abuse, and mothering. It argues that the intersectional feminist perspective has much to offer these debates and that it constitutes a promising theoretical framework for understanding domestic violence that takes into account issues of child abuse and mothering

Development and initial factor validation of the Violence Toward Athletes Questionnaire (VTAQ) in a sample of young athletes

This study sought to develop and validate a questionnaire about violence experienced by children in sport. A convenience sample of 1055 French-Canadian athletes between 14 and 17 years old was recruited to participate in an online study assessing their experiences of interpersonal violence in sport. The Violence Toward Athletes Questionnaire (VTAQ) includes three subscales: athlete version (VTAQ-A), coach version (VTAQ-C), and parent version (VTAQ-P). Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) was used to identify latent factors underlying versions of the VTAQ. The VTAQ-Athlete includes nine items with three factors: psychological (4 items), physical (2 items) and sexual (3 items). The VTAQ-Coach includes 36 items with three factors: psychological/neglect (16 items), physical (9 items) and sexual (11 items). The VTAQ-Parent includes 25 items with two factors: psychological/neglect (17 items) and physical (8 items). The VTAQ provides initial validation of the first measure by questioning children directly about their experiences of interpersonal violence in sport.<br/

Novel Apatite-Based Sorbent for Defluoridation: Synthesis and Sorption Characteristics of Nano-micro-crystalline Hydroxyapatite-Coated-Limestone

Elevated levels of fluoride (F^–) in groundwaters of granitic and basaltic terrains pose a major environmental problem and are affecting millions of people all over the world. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been shown to be a strong sorbent for F^–; however, low permeability of synthetic HA results in poor sorption efficiency. Here we provide a novel method of synthesizing nano- to micrometer sized HA on the surfaces of granular limestone to improve the sorption efficiency of the HA-based filter. Our experiments with granular limestone (38–63, 125–500 μm) and dissolved PO₄^3– (0.5–5.3 mM) as a function of pH (6–8) and temperature (25–80 °C) indicated rapid formation of nano- to micrometer sized HA crystals on granular limestone with the maximum surface coverage at lower pH and in the presence of multiple additions of aqueous PO₄^3–. The HA crystal morphology varied with the above variables. The sorption kinetics and magnitude of F^– sorption by HA-coated-fine limestone are comparable to those of pure HA, and the F^– levels dropped to below the World Health Organization’s drinking water limit of 79 μM for F^– concentrations commonly encountered in contaminated potable waters, suggesting that these materials could be used as effective filters. Fluorine XANES spectra of synthetic HA reacted with F^– suggest that the mode of sorption is through the formation of fluoridated-HA or fluorapatite at low F^– levels and fluorite at high F^– loadings

Novel Apatite-Based Sorbent for Defluoridation: Synthesis and Sorption Characteristics of Nano-micro-crystalline Hydroxyapatite-Coated-Limestone

Elevated levels of fluoride (F^–) in groundwaters of granitic and basaltic terrains pose a major environmental problem and are affecting millions of people all over the world. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been shown to be a strong sorbent for F^–; however, low permeability of synthetic HA results in poor sorption efficiency. Here we provide a novel method of synthesizing nano- to micrometer sized HA on the surfaces of granular limestone to improve the sorption efficiency of the HA-based filter. Our experiments with granular limestone (38–63, 125–500 μm) and dissolved PO₄^3– (0.5–5.3 mM) as a function of pH (6–8) and temperature (25–80 °C) indicated rapid formation of nano- to micrometer sized HA crystals on granular limestone with the maximum surface coverage at lower pH and in the presence of multiple additions of aqueous PO₄^3–. The HA crystal morphology varied with the above variables. The sorption kinetics and magnitude of F^– sorption by HA-coated-fine limestone are comparable to those of pure HA, and the F^– levels dropped to below the World Health Organization’s drinking water limit of 79 μM for F^– concentrations commonly encountered in contaminated potable waters, suggesting that these materials could be used as effective filters. Fluorine XANES spectra of synthetic HA reacted with F^– suggest that the mode of sorption is through the formation of fluoridated-HA or fluorapatite at low F^– levels and fluorite at high F^– loadings