Isometry of Potential Attachment Sites for the Iliotrochanteric Suture in Dogs: an ex vivo Study

Background: Coxofemoral luxation is the most common traumatic luxation in dogs and the iliotrochanteric suture is one of the surgical treatment options. The orthopedic suture aimed at surgically restoring joint movement should be employed in an isometric manner in order to maintain adequate tension throughout the arc of motion. This study aimed to determine the isometric points for the iliotrochanteric suture in dogs during the joint extension and flexion movements. This evaluation was performed both in the intact hip joint and in the luxation model, establishing the best combination, among the determined points, for the reestablishment of normal joint movement.Materials, Methods & Results: Radiographic analyses of 12 canine cadaveric hips, both intact and in craniodorsal luxation model, were performed in a neutral position, flexion at 50°, and extension at 150°. In the trochanteric segment, two parallel lines were drawn, creating the central vertical axis and the secondary vertical axis. Three points were then determined on each axis, from proximal to distal, corresponding to 25, 50, and 75% of the height of the axis, and were labelled as T1, T2, and T3 and T4, T5, and T6, respectively. In the iliac segment, a line perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the ilium was drawn, and 25, 50, and 75% of this height corresponded to points I1, I2, and I3, respectively. The lengths between the points were measured, with the objective of evaluating which combination of points presented less variation in the joint positions. The central location of the iliac and trochanteric segments, determined respectively by I2 and T2, provided smaller variations during the maximal movements of hip flexion and extension.Discussion: The surgical techniques of iliotrochanteric suture target to maintain the internal rotation of the femoral head inside the acetabulum and abduction of the femur until the soft tissues have healed. The described techniques for the iliotrochanteric suture present a great anatomical variety in the arrangement of the anchor points of the suture. It is known that if during motion, the attachment sites move closer to one another, the suture will become lax and, if the attachment sites move away from one another, the suture will tighten. Therefore, the implantation in isometric sites assists in reducing the variation of the distance between the points of origin and insertion of the suture during joint movement, keeping the suture tension constant and allowing the functional recovery of the joint. This study demonstrates that there are some locations for the origin and insertion of an iliotrochanteric suture that are associated with less length change than others. I2-T2 combination is the point closest to isometry for the iliotrochanteric suture during hip extension and flexion, so that, T2 is the most central point of the greater trochanter, corresponding to 50% of the height of its central vertical axis, as well as I2, which corresponds to the most central point of the ilium, representing 50% of the height of the most caudal portion of its body. The isometric point found by us details the exact location of perforation in all aspects (height and length), both in the ilium and the trochanter. In addition, it is a personalized point created for each patient from its radiographic examination and taking into consideration its anatomical variations, so that there is no damage to the suture during hip extension and flexion movements

Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica en Pequeños Animales

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease of the lower airways, which result in remodelling of the pulmonary tract and culminates with narrowing airway causing progressive obstruction. The disease mainly affects elderly animals and the cause is generally unknown. This review aims to describe the clinical significance, diagnostic tools, main differences between the diagnosis of asthma and bronchitis, as well as therapeutic alternatives that offer better results and fewer side effects for patients.La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es una enfermedad de las vías aéreas inferiores, la cual resulta en el remodelado de las vías aéreas y culmina con su estrechamiento provocando obstrucción progresiva. Esta enfermedad afecta principalmente a animales de mediana edad y de edad avanzada y en la mayoría de los casos se desconoce su causa. El presente trabajo de revisión tiene como objetivo mostrar la importancia clínica, las herramientas diagnósticas, las principales diferencias entre el diagnóstico de asma y bronquitis, y las alternativas terapéuticas que ofrecen mejores resultados y menores efectos secundarios para los pacientes

Relevance of periodontal disease as a precursor to systemic disorders in companion animals / Relevância da doença periodontal como precursora de afecções sistêmicas em animais de companhia

Periodontal disease (periodontitis) is an oral condition characterized by the involvement of the periodontium, that is, structures that protect and support the teeth. It is commonly diagnosed in small animals, especially in the elderly, and is a frequent cause of tooth loss in both dogs and cats. The etiological factor of periodontal disease is the organized sub- and supragingival plaque and numerous factors are responsible for the predisposition of the disease such as age, race, size and immunity of the patient. The symptomatology of the affected animals varies according to the degree of involvement of the disease, but they usually include halitosis, hyperemia, bleeding and gingival retraction, odontoliths, contact gingival ulcers, furcation exposure and tooth loss. The diagnosis is based on history, complete anamnesis, thorough examination of the oral cavity associated with extra and intraoral x-rays. The periodontal treatment has the purpose of eliminating the causal agent, removing dental stones, tooth extractions and polishing the remaining dental elements. In addition to local changes, periodontal disease can cause systemic damage, due to the rich vascularization of the periodontium and tooth movement in the tooth socket, allowing bacteria and their metabolites to enter the lymphatic and blood vessels during patient chewing, causing organ failure. In view of the high incidence of periodontal disease in pets and the consequent local and systemic changes, the objective of the current work was to carry out a bibliographic survey on this oral condition in dogs and cats, highlighting the damage to other organs due to bacteremia. In this context, the scientific literature emphasizes that the systemic immune response secondary to bacteremia predisposes the formation of immune complexes in the bloodstream that adhere to the walls of the endothelium causing local inflammation and endothelial lysis of the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, bones, among others, reflecting on diverse symptomatology. Thus, it is assumed that early diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease can prevent the establishment and local progression of oral disease and, consequently, systemic impairments that directly affect the quality of life and survival of the affected.Periodontal disease (periodontitis) is an oral condition characterized by the involvement of the periodontium, that is, structures that protect and support the teeth. It is commonly diagnosed in small animals, especially in the elderly, and is a frequent cause of tooth loss in both dogs and cats. The etiological factor of periodontal disease is the organized sub- and supragingival plaque and numerous factors are responsible for the predisposition of the disease such as age, race, size and immunity of the patient. The symptomatology of the affected animals varies according to the degree of involvement of the disease, but they usually include halitosis, hyperemia, bleeding and gingival retraction, odontoliths, contact gingival ulcers, furcation exposure and tooth loss. The diagnosis is based on history, complete anamnesis, thorough examination of the oral cavity associated with extra and intraoral x-rays. The periodontal treatment has the purpose of eliminating the causal agent, removing dental stones, tooth extractions and polishing the remaining dental elements. In addition to local changes, periodontal disease can cause systemic damage, due to the rich vascularization of the periodontium and tooth movement in the tooth socket, allowing bacteria and their metabolites to enter the lymphatic and blood vessels during patient chewing, causing organ failure. In view of the high incidence of periodontal disease in pets and the consequent local and systemic changes, the objective of the current work was to carry out a bibliographic survey on this oral condition in dogs and cats, highlighting the damage to other organs due to bacteremia. In this context, the scientific literature emphasizes that the systemic immune response secondary to bacteremia predisposes the formation of immune complexes in the bloodstream that adhere to the walls of the endothelium causing local inflammation and endothelial lysis of the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, bones, among others, reflecting on diverse symptomatology. Thus, it is assumed that early diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease can prevent the establishment and local progression of oral disease and, consequently, systemic impairments that directly affect the quality of life and survival of the affected.

Histomorphological and immunophenotypic diagnoses of gastrointestinal stromal tumors and other sarcomas that affect the intestine of dogs

In view of the morphological similarity between gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and other sarcomas of the intestine of dogs, the aim was to carry out the histomorphological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of these tumors, associating breed, sex and age, location and tumor invasion. 217 cases were evaluated by histopathology and 36 diagnosed by immunohistochemistry were included (24 GIST and 12 other intestinal sarcomas). Mixed breed dogs were the most diagnosed with GIST, mainly elderly females (9.5±2.2 years); in the other intestinal sarcomas, crossbreeds and Dachshunds, males and females, were equally affected. The cecum was the most affected by GISTs, with tumor invasion of the intestinal layers in all cases. The small intestine was the most affected by the other intestinal sarcomas, with invasion of the layers in most of these tumors. GISTs expressed markers such as CD117 and DOG-1, unlike other intestinal sarcomas. GIST and other intestinal sarcomas denoted histomorphological and immunophenotypic characteristics similar to histopathology, justifying the association of immunohistochemistry for the definitive diagnosis. Keywords: CD117; DOG-1; GIST; veterinary oncolog

Correção cirúrgica de atresia anal tipo I utilizando Diamond flap adaptado em cão

O presente relato de caso tem como objetivo apresentar um caso de atresia anal tipo 1, com estenose anal em cão da raça Pastor Alemão. A técnica cirúrgica utilizada foi a de Diamond flap adaptada e resultou em sucesso para a resolução do caso. A atresia anal é pouco frequente na clínica veterinária, mas a classificada como sendo a do tipo 1 é a mais frequentemente observada. No presente caso, o paciente apresentou resolução da condição de atresia e retorno a atividade esfinctérica confirmando que o uso da técnica de avanços geométricos é eficaz para o tratamento cirúrgico de atresia anal tipo 1

Changes in cellular proliferation and plasma products are associated with liver failure

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-02-21T11:36:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 lia2_ximenez_etal_IOC_2016.pdf: 1411604 bytes, checksum: 0bb747412f74f3573dcc7c75187a62ca (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-02-21T11:54:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lia2_ximenez_etal_IOC_2016.pdf: 1411604 bytes, checksum: 0bb747412f74f3573dcc7c75187a62ca (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-21T11:54:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lia2_ximenez_etal_IOC_2016.pdf: 1411604 bytes, checksum: 0bb747412f74f3573dcc7c75187a62ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016Universidade Federal Fluminense. Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia. Niterói, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Biologia Geral. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil..Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Biologia Geral. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil..Universidade Federal Fluminense. Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Hospital Federal de Bonsucesso. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Hospital Federal de Bonsucesso. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Programa de Computação Científica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.To study the differences in immune response and cytokine profile between acute liver failure and self-limited acute hepatitis