FROM STORYBOOKS TO GAMES, COMICS, BANDS, AND CHAPTER BOOKS: A YOUNG BOY’S APPROPRIATION OF LITERACY PRACTICES

This case study addresses a middle class familyʹs role in their sonʹs literacy development through an investigation of the socio‐cultural practices that support his literacy acquisition. Rogoffʹs socio‐cultural framework, which proposes three planes of analysis for observation of human development, is used for the analysis. The literacy practices of Max (age 8) are the central focus. The analysis explores how community, interpersonal, and personal literacy activities connect to form holistic literacy practices for him. Insights into the nature of peer interactions around literacy, gender considerations in family literacy, and boysʹ out‐of‐school literacy practices emerge from this analysis. Key words: socio‐cultural perspectives on literacy; multiliteracies; family literacy; gender and literacy L’étude de cas présentée ici porte sur le rôle de parents de classe moyenne dans le développement de la littératie de leur fils. Le cadre socioculturel de Rogoff, qui propose trois axes d’analyse pour l’observation du développement de l’être humain, est utilisé dans l’analyse des pratiques socioculturelles qui favorisent la littératie. L’article porte essentiellement sur les pratiques de littératie de Max (8 ans). L’auteur analyse le lien entre diverses activités communautaires, interpersonnelles et personnelles en matière de littératie et l’apparition subséquente de pratiques de littératie holistiques chez Max. L’analyse fournit des points de repère sur la littératie et les interactions entre des pairs, les différences entre les sexes et la littératie familiale ainsi que les pratiques de littératie chez les garçons en dehors du milieu scolaire. Mots clés : perspectives socioculturelles sur la littératie, multilittératies, littératie familiale, littératie et sexes

Programming Family Literacy: Tensions and Directions

This paper explores the following questions related to family literacy programs: How is family literacy linked with family literacy programs? What are the theoretical frameworks supporting the various models educators and researchers are using in their pedagogical approaches to family literacy programs? As these questions are explored several tensions and directions in programming family literacy become apparent. By examining the various models in this way, family literacy providers and others interested in family and community literacy may be better equipped to evaluate the underlying principles of the programs they use and thereby make informed choices with regard to programming

Understanding the Use of Sigma Metrics in Hemoglobin A1c Analysis

This study utilizes three unique data sets to demonstrate the state of the art of HbA1c analyzers in a range of settings and compares their performance against the international guidance set by the IFCC task force for HbA1c standardization. The data is used to demonstrate the effect of tightening of those criteria and the study serves as a guide to the practical implementation of the sigma metrics approach in a range of clinical settings

Dynamic interaction between tectonic plates, subducting slabs, and the mantle

Mantle convection models have been formulated to investigate the relation between plate kinematics and mantle dynamics. The cylindrical geometry models incorporate mobile, faulted plate margins, a phase change at 670 km depth, non-Newtonian rheology, and tectonic plates. Models with a variety of parameters indicate that a relatively stationary trench is more likely to be associated with a subducted slab that penetrates into the lower mantle with a steep dip angle. However, a subducted slab that is deflected above the 670-km phase change with a shallow dip is more likely to be associated with a margin that has undergone rapid retrograde trench migration. This relation between slab morphology and plate kinematics is consistent with seismic tomography and plate reconstruction of western Pacific subduction zones. The efficiency of slab penetration through the 670-km phase change is controlled by both the buoyancy of the subducting plate and the mobility of the overriding plate. While older subducting plates have a greater propensity for slab penetration, trench mobility reduces the propensity for slab penetration. Smaller overriding plates have a greater mobility. When subducted slabs approach the bottom thermal boundary layer, hot fluid is pushed aside, and plumes form on the periphery of slab accumulations. There are sharp temperature contrasts between the subducted slab and the thermal boundary layer at the core mantle boundary (CMB). Old subducted slabs and a thermal boundary layer lead to large-scale lateral structure near the CMB

Collision and Diffusion in Microwave Breakdown of Nitrogen Gas in and around Microgaps

The microwave induced breakdown of N2 gas in microgaps was modeled using the collision frequency between electrons and neutral molecules and the effective electric field concept. Low pressure breakdown at the threshold electric field occurs outside the gap, but at high pressures it is found to occur inside the microgap with a large threshold breakdown electric field corresponding to a very large electron oscillation amplitude. Three distinct pressure regimes are apparent in the microgap breakdown: a low pressure multipactor branch, a mid-pressure Paschen branch, both of which occur in the space outside the microgap, and a high pressure diffusion-drift branch, which occurs inside the microgap. The Paschen and diffusion-drift branches are divided by a sharp transition and each separately fits the collision frequency model. There is evidence that considerable electron loss to the microgap faces accompanies the diffusion-drift branch in microgaps.Comment: 4 figure

HbA1c method performance: The great success story of global standardization

Diagnosing and monitoring the treatment of people with diabetes is a global issue and uses considerable resources in laboratories and clinics worldwide. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) has been the mainstay of monitoring glycemic control in people with diabetes for many years and more recently it has been advocated as a diagnostic tool for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Good analytical performance is key to the successful use of any laboratory test, but is critical when using the test to diagnose disease, especially when the potential number of diagnoses could exceed 500 million people. Very small variations in bias or increased imprecision could lead to either a missed diagnosis or overdiagnosis of the disease and given the scale of the global disease burden, this could mean erroneous categorization of potentially millions of people. Fundamental to good performance of diagnostic testing is standardization, with defined reference materials and measurement procedures. In this review, we discuss the historical steps to first harmonize HbA1c testing, followed by the global standardization efforts and provide an update on the current situation and future goals for HbA1c testing

Evaluation of Four HbA1c Point-of-Care Devices Using International Quality Targets: Are They Fit for the Purpose?

BACKGROUND: Point-of-care (POC) testing is becoming increasingly valuable in health care delivery, and it is important that the devices used meet the same quality criteria as main laboratory analyzers. While external quality assessment (EQA) provides a great tool for assessing quality, many POC devices are not enrolled in these schemes and standard laboratory evaluations are needed to assess performance. METHODS: The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocols EP-5 and EP-9 were applied to investigate imprecision, accuracy and bias. We assessed bias using the mean of 4 certified secondary reference measurement procedures (SRMPs). RESULTS: The Afinion2™ and the Quo-Lab had CVs of ≤1.7 and ≤2.4% respectively in IFCC SI units (≤1.2 and ≤1.7% NGSP) and a bias ≤2 mmol/mol (≤0.2% NGSP) at 48 and 75 mmol/mol (6.5 and 9.0% NGSP). Sigma for the Afinion2 was 5.8 and for the Quo-Lab 4.0. Both methods passed the NGSP criteria with 2 instruments when compared with 4 individual SRMPs. The HbA1c 501 had a CV of 3.4% and 2.7% in IFCC SI units (2.1% and 1.7% NGSP) and a bias ≤2.4 mmol/mol (≤0.2% NGSP) and passed the NGSP criteria with 2 instruments compared with 4 individual SRMPs except for instrument 2 compared with the Tosoh G8. Sigma was 2.1. The A1Care had a sigma of 1.4 and failed all criteria mainly due to a high CV (6.2% and 4.1% in IFCC SI units [4.1% and 2.9% NGSP] at 48 and 75 mmol/mol [6.5 and 9.0% NGSP]). CONCLUSIONS: The analytical performance was excellent for the Afinion2 and the Quo-Lab, acceptable for the HbA1c 501 and unacceptable for the A1Care according to different used criteria, demonstrating that whilst performance is improving there are still areas for considerable improvement

An Understanding of Telephony with Uncoil

The autonomous steganography solution to RPCs is defined not only by the emulation of 128 bit architectures, but also by the natural need for IPv6 [18]. After years of unfortunate research into linked lists, we disconfirm the study of e-business [18]. In our research, we propose a novel methodology for the develop- ment of the UNIVAC computer (Uncoil), disproving that the World Wide Web and web browsers can connect to achieve this objective

Real-World Literacy Activity in Pre-school

In this article, we share real-world literacy activities that we designed and implemented in two early literacy classes for preschoolers from two inner-city neighborhoods that were part of an intergenerational family literacy program, Literacy for Life (LFL). The program was informed by research that shows that young children in high literate homes develop important emergent literacy knowledge by engaging in meaningful and functional activities in their homes and communities that are mediated by print. We defined real-world literacy activity as reading, writing, or listening to real-life texts for real-life purposes. The children made significant gains in literacy knowledge when compared to the norm group. We share examples of how we integrated real-world literacy activities into daily classroom management/organizational routines, whole class and small group instruction, celebrations and special events and how we took advantage of teachable moments to make explicit the purposes and functions of print and texts in developmentally appropriate ways