Perancangan Desain Interior Museum Seni Rupa dan Keramik Jakarta

RingkasanSelain sebagai tempat rekreasi, museum berguna juga sebagai sarana edukasi atau sebagai wadah tempat pembelajaran dan pengetahuan. Museum menurut batasan yang dikeluarkan oleh Internasional Council of Museum (ICOM) adalah sebuah lembaga yang bersifat tetap, tidak mencari keuntungan, melayani masyarakat dan perkembangannya, terbuka untuk umum, memperoleh, merawat, menghubungkan dan memamerkan artefak-artefak perihal jati diri manusia dan lingkungannya untuk tujuan studi, pendidikan dan rekreasi.Museum Seni Rupa dan Keramik dirancang untuk menarik minat masyarakat agar mengunjungi serta mempelajari peninggalan sejarah yang ada di museum dengan menggunakan fasilitas yang modern sebagai sarana pemberi informasi dan edukasi yang dapat diterima oleh masyarakat dengan baik. Desain interior yang sesuai dapat menciptakan suasana yang mendukung tujuan tersebut. Sesuai dengan lokasi berdirinya Museum Seni Rupa dan Keramik, yakni di kawasan Kota Tua Batavia, Jakarta, konsep desain interior yang diterapkan pada museum ini mengangkat tema, “Modern Education And Ethnic Betawi”. Hal ini bertujuan untuk melestarikan budaya sekitar dan meningkatkan kepedulian masyarakat agar dapat melestarikan peninggalan-peninggalan karya pada zaman dahulu

Implementasi Kebijakan Pembangunan Kelembagaan Pemerintah Kecamatan Sebagai Perangkat Daerah (Studi Di Kota Kupang Dan Kabupaten Sikka)

Penelitian ini bertujuan: menggambarkan implementasi kebijakan pembangunan kelembagaan pemerintah kecamatan, dan menganalisis efektif atau tidaknya implementasi kebijakan, serta faktor-faktor yang mendukung keberhasilan implementasi kebijakan yang ada. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Fokus penelitian meliputi pelimpahan kewenangan kepada Camat; karakteristik wilayah kecamatan; dan indikator ekonomi makro yang meliputi keadaan PDRB; struktur ekonomi; dan kondisi kemiskinan masyarakat. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelimpahan sebagian kewenangan dari Bupati Sikka dan Walikota Kupang kepada kecamatan belum berjalan efektif. Faktor penyebabnya adalah isi kebijakan yang bersifat umum atau tidak bersifat konkrit sesuai dengan karakteristik wilayah kecamatan dan beban kerja kecamatan. Selain itu faktor-faktor yang pendukung lainnya adalah faktor sumberdaya manusia, faktor prasarana/sarana dan faktor dukungan anggaran yang rasional belum sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan beban kerja kecamatan masing-masing

HIV Disclosure to Infected Children Involving Peers: A New Take on HIV Disclosure in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Appropriately informing HIV-infected children of their diagnosis is a real challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. Until now, there is no consensus on who ought to disclose and how to disclose. This paper describes the model for HIV status disclosure in which HIV-positive children/adolescents are informed about their diagnosis in a process conducted by young peers under healthcare worker (HCW) supervision in a hospital in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo. This new take on HIV status disclosure involving peers includes four stages that help the trained peer supporters to provide appropriate counseling, taking into account the age and level of maturity of the child/adolescent: the preliminary stage, the partial disclosure stage, the full disclosure stage, and the post-disclosure follow-up stage. Of all children/adolescents whose HIV status disclosure data were documented at Kalembelembe Pediatric Hospital (KLLPH) between 2004 and 2016, we found that disclosure by peers was highly accepted by parents, children/adolescents, and health workers. Compared to children/adolescents disclosed to by HCWs or parents, children/adolescents disclosed to by peers had (a) fewer depressive symptoms reported, (b) better drug adherence resulting in higher viral load suppression, and (c) a higher proportion of survivors on treatment. We found that involving peers in the disclosure process of HIV is an important approach to ensure adherence to treatment, resilience, and mental wellbeing of HIV-infected children/adolescents.publishedVersio

Development of a Toolkit for Participatory Management of Rural Watersheds in Kenya

Effective public participation is a foundation for sustainable watershed management, yet there are no demonstrated methods for or examples of its achievement in tropical semi-arid rural grassland watersheds of Kenya which support critical downstream water services. Within the Sustainable Management of Watersheds (SUMAWA) multidisciplinary international research project, a set of tools has been developed and tested to engage local communities and stakeholders in a dialogue and decision-making process to improve the development and management of the River Njoro Watershed in Kenya and reverse declining water quality and quantity problems. A toolkit manual based on the experience is under preparation for general distribution

Effect of intra-arterial heparin flushing (IAHF) to prestin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in hearing loss patients

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hearing loss is the fourth largest disability globally, affecting an estimated 466 million people in 2018. In Indonesia, the prevalence of hearing loss was estimated at 16.8% in 2016. Intra-Arterial Heparin Flushing (IAHF) is an endovascular technique that uses heparin to promote reperfusion and increases Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) expression. VEGF is a polypeptide angiogenesis factor present in the nervous system, which functions as a neurotrophic and neuroprotective. Meanwhile, prestin is a protein of outer ear hair cells that shows early signs of hearing loss through increased levels in cases of ear hair cell damage. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of IAHF on prestin and VEGF levels in hearing-impaired patients. Methods: The design is experimental with Pre-Post Test One-Group Only. A total of 22 patients with hearing loss were measured for prestin and VEGF before and 4 hours after the IAHF procedure. Results: The results of the Wilcoxon test showed no significant differences in prestin level (p=0.658) and VEGF level (p=0.291) before and after the IAHF procedure. The mean showed an insignificant decrease in prestin level before and after the IAHF procedure with values of 1,185+1,229 pg/mL and 1,096+1,183 pg/mL, respectively. However, the VEGF level insignificantly increased before and after the procedure with values of 484.83+274.6 pg/mL and 498.79+257.7 pg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in prestin and VEGF levels before and after the IAHF procedure. However, there was a decrease in the prestin level and an increase in the VEGF level

Viral Load Status Before Switching to Dolutegravir-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy and Associations With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa

Background: Dolutegravir is being rolled out globally as part of preferred antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens, including among treatment-experienced patients. The role of viral load (VL) testing before switching patients already on ART to a dolutegravir-containing regimen is less clear in real-world settings. Methods: We included patients from the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS consortium who switched from a nevirapine- or efavirenz-containing regimen to one with dolutegravir. We used multivariable cause-specific hazards regression to estimate the association of the most recent VL test in the 12 months before switching with subsequent outcomes. Results: We included 36 393 patients at 37 sites in 5 countries (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda) who switched to dolutegravir from July 2017 through February 2020, with a median follow-up of approximately 11 months. Compared with those who switched with a VL <200 copies/mL, patients without a recent VL test or with a preswitch VL ≥1000 copies/mL had significantly increased hazards of an incident VL ≥1000 copies/mL (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.99-4.19 and aHR, 6.60; 95% CI, 4.36-9.99, respectively) and pulmonary tuberculosis or a World Health Organization clinical stage 4 event (aHR, 4.78; 95% CI, 2.77-8.24 and aHR, 13.97; 95% CI, 6.62-29.50, respectively). Conclusions: A VL test before switching to dolutegravir may help identify patients who need additional clinical monitoring and/or adherence support. Further surveillance of patients who switched to dolutegravir with an unknown or unsuppressed VL is needed

Phenotypic and genotypic monitoring of Schistosoma mansoni in Tanzanian schoolchildren five years into a preventative chemotherapy national control programme

We conducted combined in vitro PZQ efficacy testing with population genetic analyses of S. mansoni collected from children from two schools in 2010, five years after the introduction of a National Control Programme. Children at one school had received four annual PZQ treatments and the other school had received two mass treatments in total. We compared genetic differentiation, indices of genetic diversity, and estimated adult worm burden from parasites collected in 2010 with samples collected in 2005 (before the control programme began) and in 2006 (six months after the first PZQ treatment). Using 2010 larval samples, we also compared the genetic similarity of those with high and low in vitro sensitivity to PZQ

Non-Invasive Sampling of Schistosomes from Humans Requires Correcting for Family Structure

For ethical and logistical reasons, population-genetic studies of parasites often rely on the non-invasive sampling of offspring shed from their definitive hosts. However, if the sampled offspring are naturally derived from a small number of parents, then the strong family structure can result in biased population-level estimates of genetic parameters, particularly if reproductive output is skewed. Here, we document and correct for the strong family structure present within schistosome offspring (miracidia) that were collected non-invasively from humans in western Kenya. By genotyping 2,424 miracidia from 12 patients at 12 microsatellite loci and using a sibship clustering program, we found that the samples contained large numbers of siblings. Furthermore, reproductive success of the breeding schistosomes was skewed, creating differential representation of each family in the offspring pool. After removing the family structure with an iterative jacknifing procedure, we demonstrated that the presence of relatives led to inflated estimates of genetic differentiation and linkage disequilibrium, and downwardly-biased estimates of inbreeding coefficients (F[subscript IS]). For example, correcting for family structure yielded estimates of F[[subscript ST] among patients that were 27 times lower than estimates from the uncorrected samples. These biased estimates would cause one to draw false conclusions regarding these parameters in the adult population. We also found from our analyses that estimates of the number of full sibling families and other genetic parameters of samples of miracidia were highly intercorrelated but are not correlated with estimates of worm burden obtained via egg counting (Kato-Katz). Whether genetic methods or the traditional Kato-Katz estimator provide a better estimate of actual number of adult worms remains to be seen. This study illustrates that family structure must be explicitly accounted for when using offspring samples to estimate the genetic parameters of adult parasite populations

Real-world use and outcomes of dolutegravir-containing antiretroviral therapy in HIV and tuberculosis co-infection: a site survey and cohort study in sub-Saharan Africa.

INTRODUCTION Dolutegravir is being scaled up globally as part of antiretroviral therapy (ART), but for people with HIV and tuberculosis co-infection, its use is complicated by a drug-drug interaction with rifampicin requiring an additional daily dose of dolutegravir. This represents a disadvantage over efavirenz, which does not have a major drug-drug interaction with rifampicin. We sought to describe HIV clinic practices for prescribing concomitant dolutegravir and rifampicin, and characterize virologic outcomes among patients with tuberculosis co-infection receiving dolutegravir or efavirenz. METHODS Within the four sub-Saharan Africa regions of the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS consortium, we conducted a site survey (2021) and a cohort study (2015-2021). The cohort study used routine clinical data and included patients newly initiating or already receiving dolutegravir or efavirenz at the time of tuberculosis diagnosis. Patients were followed from tuberculosis diagnosis until viral suppression (<1000 copies/ml), a competing event (switching ART regimen; loss to program/death) or administrative censoring at 12 months. RESULTS In the survey, 86 of 90 (96%) HIV clinics in 18 countries reported prescribing dolutegravir to patients who were receiving rifampicin as part of tuberculosis treatment, with 77 (90%) reporting that they use twice-daily dosing of dolutegravir, of which 74 (96%) reported having 50 mg tablets available to accommodate twice-daily dosing. The cohort study included 3563 patients in 11 countries, with 67% newly or recently initiating ART. Among patients receiving dolutegravir (n = 465), the cumulative incidence of viral suppression was 58.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 54.3-63.3%), switching ART regimen was 4.1% (95% CI: 2.6-6.2%) and loss to program/death was 23.4% (95% CI: 19.7-27.4%). Patients receiving dolutegravir had improved viral suppression compared with patients receiving efavirenz who had a tuberculosis diagnosis before site dolutegravir availability (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio [aSHR]: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.28-1.68) and after site dolutegravir availability (aSHR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.08-1.51). CONCLUSIONS At a programmatic level, dolutegravir was being widely prescribed in sub-Saharan Africa for people with HIV and tuberculosis co-infection with a dose adjustment for the drug-drug interaction with rifampicin. Despite this more complex regimen, our cohort study revealed that dolutegravir did not negatively impact viral suppression