Joaquín Capelo: Comisionado Especial del Supremo Gobierno y Prefecto del Departamento de Loreto (1899-1900)

This paper seeks to analyze the state work in pursuit of the development of infrastructure, promotion of economic and social activities in Loreto between 1899 and 1900, at a crucial period in our history: the Aris-tocratic Republic. In order to study this type of material and social modernization we concentrate on the figure and management of Joaquín Capelo, Special Commissioner of the Supreme Government of Eduardo López de Romaña and Prefect in the Department of Loreto as someone who represents the rise of a new type of official and a new form of public administration and management. This article is addressed from political history, because it describes and analyzes state policies within the modernizing projects addressed to Loreto.En este trabajo se busca analizar la obra estatal en pos del desarrollo de infraestructura, fomento de actividades económicas y sociales en Loreto entre 1899 y 1900, durante la llamada República Aristocrática. A fin de estudiar este tipo de modernización material y social, nos concentramos en la figura y gestión de Joaquín Capelo, Comisionado Especial del Supremo Gobierno de Eduardo López de Romaña y Prefecto en el departamento de Loreto, como alguien que representa el ascenso de un nuevo tipo de funcionario y una nueva forma de administración y gestión pública. El presente artículo toma como enfoque la historia política, pues se describen y analizan las políticas de Estado dentro de los proyectos modernizadores dirigidos a Loreto

Chemometric and physico-chemical characterization of fruit and olive oils from autochthonous cultivars grown in Aragón (Spain)

Olive tree crops and the olive oil market are becoming less and less diverse due to the rise of intensive growth varieties, with the consequent loss of varietal richness provided by oils from minority and autochthonous cultivars. “Royal de Calatayud” and “Negral de Sabiñán” are two local minority cultivars in Aragon (Spain). Fruit parameters such as ripening, fresh weight, and oil yield were evaluated, as well as physico-chemical and chemical composition parameters in olive oil in comparison with “Arbequina”, a cultivar widespread in Spain and other countries. Fruits were harvested from October to December in 2017 and 2019. Chemometric analysis revealed significant varietal differences among the three cultivars. In comparison with “Arbequina”, higher oil yields were obtained in the two local cultivars. “Royal de Calatayud” has a higher oleic acid content and a greater quantity of phenolic compounds. It thus displays a better nutritional profile than “Arbequina”. This preliminary study shows that “Royal de Calatayud” could be regarded as an excellent alternative to the “Arbequina” cultivar in the parameters analyzed

Herbal choline as an alternative to choline chloride in the diet of nursery piglets

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a substituição da suplementação de cloreto de colina por colina herbal na dieta de leitões na creche. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso (peso inicial e sexo) com 80 leitões, em cinco tratamentos, com oito repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em: controle negativo, dieta basal com suplementação de 300 mg kg-1 de colina via cloreto de colina, dieta basal com suplementação de 600 mg kg-1 de colina via cloreto de colina, dieta basal com suplementação de 100 mg kg-1 de colina herbal e dieta basal com suplementação de 200 mg kg-1 de colina herbal. Dados de desempenho zootécnico, parâmetros sanguíneos e viabilidade econômica foram analisados. A suplementação de colina herbal aumenta o peso corporal e o consumo diário de ração em leitões na creche. A suplementação com 100 mg kg-1 de colina herbal apresenta o maior retorno sobre o investimento. A colina herbal pode ser utilizada como fonte de suplementação de colina na dieta de leitões na creche, para substituir o cloreto de colina.The objective of this work was to evaluate the replacement of choline chloride supplementation by herbal choline in the diet of nursery piglets. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks (initial weight and sex) with 80 piglets, in five treatments, with eight replicates. The treatments consisted of: negative control, basal diet supplemented with 300 mg kg-1 choline via choline chloride, basal diet supplemented with 600 mg kg-1 choline via choline chloride, basal diet supplemented with 100 mg kg-1 herbal choline, and basal diet supplemented with 200 mg kg-1 herbal choline. Zootechnical performance data, blood parameters, and economic viability were analyzed. Herbal choline supplementation increases the body weight and daily feed intake of nursery piglets. The supplementation with 100 mg kg-1 herbal choline presents the highest return on investment. Herbal choline can be used as a source of choline supplementation in the diet of nursery piglets to replace choline chloride

A eficácia do Sistema Interamericano de Proteção de Direitos Humanos : uma abordagem quantitativa sobre seu funcionamento e sobre o cumprimento de suas decisões

Publicado em português, espanhol e inglês.Título em espanhol: La efectividad del sistema interamericano de protección de derechos humanos: un enfoque cuantitativo sobre su funcionamento y sobre el cumplimento de sus decisiones. -- Título em inglês: The effectiveness of the inter-american system of human rights protection: a quantitative approach to its functioning and compliance with its decisions.Apresenta discussões sobre o funcionamento do Sistema Interamericano de Proteção dos Direitos Humanos (SIDH), assim como analisa as petições apresentadas ao SIDH em relação às violações de direitos humanos da Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos (CADH)

Neural Deletion of Glucose Transporter Isoform 3 Creates Distinct Postnatal and Adult Neurobehavioral Phenotypes

We created a neural-specific conditional murine glut3 (Slc2A3) deletion (glut3 flox/flox/nestin-Cre+) to examine the effect of a lack of Glut3 on neurodevelopment. Compared with age-matched glut3 flox/flox = WT and heterozygotes (glut3 flox/+/nestin-Cre+), we found that a >90% reduction in male and female brain Glut3 occurred by postnatal day 15 (PN15) in glut3 flox/flox/nestin-Cre+ This genetic manipulation caused a diminution in brain weight and cortical thickness at PN15, a reduced number of dendritic spines, and fewer ultrasonic vocalizations. Patch-clamp recordings of cortical pyramidal neurons revealed increased frequency of bicuculline-induced paroxysmal discharges as well as reduced latency, attesting to a functional synaptic and cortical hyperexcitability. Concomitant stunting with lower glucose concentrations despite increased milk intake shortened the lifespan, failing rescue by a ketogenic diet. This led to creating glut3 flox/flox/CaMK2α-Cre+ mice lacking Glut3 in the adult male limbic system. These mice had normal lifespan, displayed reduced IPSCs in cortical pyramidal neurons, less anxiety/fear, and lowered spatial memory and motor abilities but heightened exploratory and social responses. These distinct postnatal and adult phenotypes, based upon whether glut3 gene is globally or restrictively absent, have implications for humans who carry copy number variations and present with neurodevelopmental disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Lack of the key brain-specific glucose transporter 3 gene found in neurons during early postnatal life results in significant stunting, a reduction in dendritic spines found on neuronal processes and brain size, heightened neuronal excitability, along with a shortened lifespan. When occurring in the adult and limited to the limbic system alone, lack of this gene in neurons reduces the fear of spatial exploration and socialization but does not affect the lifespan. These features are distinct heralding differences between postnatal and adult phenotypes based upon whether the same gene is globally or restrictively lacking. These findings have implications for humans who carry copy number variations pertinent to this gene and have been described to present with neurodevelopmental disorders

Effectiveness of hepatitis A vaccination as post-exposure prophylaxis

Hepatitis A (HA) has been a vaccine-preventable disease since 1995. In Catalonia, a universal combined hepatitis A+B vaccination program of preadolescents was initiated at the end of 1998. However, outbreaks are reported each year and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine or immunoglobulin (IG) is recommended to avoid cases. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of HAV vaccine and IG in preventing hepatitis A cases in susceptible exposed people. A retrospective cohort study of contacts of HA cases involved in outbreaks reported in Catalonia between January 2006 and December 2012 was made. The rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of HA in susceptible contacts receiving HAV or IG versus those without PEP were calculated. There were 3550 exposed persons in the outbreaks studied: 2381 received one dose of HAV vaccine (Hepatitis A or hepatitis A+B), 190 received IG, and 611 received no PEP. 368 exposed subjects received one dose of HAV vaccine and IG simultaneously and were excluded from the study. The effectiveness of PEP was 97.6% (95% CI 96.2–98.6) for HAV vaccine and 98.3% (95% CI 91.3–99.9) for IG; the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.36). The elevated effectiveness of HAV vaccination for PEP in HA outbreaks, similar to that of IG, and the long-term protection of active immunization, supports the preferential use of vaccination to avoid secondary cases

Evolution of acute hepatitis C virus infection in a large European city: Trends and new patterns.

The aims of this study were to describe the evolution of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections since 2004 and to determine its associated factors. Acute HCV infections diagnosed in Barcelona from 2004 to 2015 were included. Incidence ratios (IR) were then estimated for sex and age groups. Cases were grouped between 2004-2005, 2006-2011 and 2012-2015, and their incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated. In addition, risk factors for acute HCV infection were identified using multinomial logistic regression for complete, available and multiple imputed data. 204 new HCV cases were identified. Two peaks of higher IR of acute HCV infection in 2005 and 2013 were observed. Men and those aged 35-54 had higher IR. IRR for men was 2.9 times greater than in women (95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.8 ‒ 4.7). Factors related to the period 2012-2015 (versus 2006-2011) were: a) sexual risk factor for transmission versus nosocomial (relative-risk ratio (RRR): 13.0; 95% CI: 2.3 ‒ 72.1), b) higher educated versus lower (RRR: 5.4; 95% CI: 1.6 ‒ 18.7), and c) HIV co-infected versus not HIV-infected (RRR: 53.1; 95% CI: 5.7 ‒ 492.6). This is one of the few studies showing IR and RRRs of acute HCV infections and the first focused on a large city in Spain. Sexual risk for transmission between men, higher educational level and HIV co-infection are important factors for understanding current HCV epidemic. There has been a partial shift in the pattern of the risk factor for transmission from nosocomial to sexual