The Use of Rank Transformation and Multiple Regression Analysis in Estimating Residential Property Values With A Small Sample

Conventional multiple regression analysis which has been used in estimating residential property values typically relies upon cardinal data. This paper argues that appraisal theory requires the appraiser to rank the comparables from best to worst and use a regression technique which can be applied to ordinal data. The rank regression procedure illustrated here was successfully used on small sample sizes, and did not violate the critical assumptions underlying conventional multiple regression. The results indicate that the rank regression technique illustrated here is more theoretically correct than conventional multiple regression and produces a better model with more accurate price estimates.

A Procedure for Uncovering Acceptable and Nonacceptable Mortgage Applications through Discriminant Analysis Using Ranked Data

The procedure developed in this paper uses a less biased statistical technique than conventional discriminant analysis and parallels the ranking procedure used by loan officers. A variety of univariate and multivariate statistical procedures as well as comprehensive validation methods are used to develop a "best" model. The resulting model provides more accurate classification than other studies have shown, without violating federal law regarding discrimination.

Evaluation of Bovine chemerin (RARRES2) Gene Variation on Beef Cattle Production Traits1

A previous study in cattle based on >48,000 markers identified markers on chromosome 4 near the chemerin gene associated with average daily feed intake (ADFI) in steers (P < 0.008). Chemerin is an adipokine associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome in humans, representing a strong candidate gene potentially underlying the observed association. To evaluate whether the bovine chemerin gene is involved in feed intake, 16 markers within and around the gene were tested for association in the same resource population. Eleven were nominally significant for ADFI (P < 0.05) and two were significant after Bonferroni correction. Two and five SNP in this region were nominally significant for the related traits of average daily gain (ADG) and residual feed intake (RFI), respectively. All markers were evaluated for effects on meat quality and carcass phenotypes. Many of the markers associated with ADFI were associated with hot carcass weight (HCW), adjusted fat thickness (AFT), and marbling (P < 0.05). Marker alleles that were associated with lower ADFI were also associated with lower HCW, AFT, and marbling. Markers associated with ADFI were genotyped in a validation population of steers representing 14 breeds to determine predictive merit across populations. No consistent relationships for ADFI were detected. To determine whether cattle feed intake or growth phenotypes might be related to chemerin transcript abundance, the expression of chemerin was evaluated in adipose of 114 heifers that were siblings of the steers in the discovery population. Relative chemerin transcript abundance was not correlated with ADFI, ADG, or RFI, but associations with body condition score and yearling weight were observed. We conclude that variation in the chemerin gene may underlie observed association in the resource population, but that additional research is required to determine if this variation is widespread among breeds and to develop robust markers with predictive merit across breeds

Association, effects and validation of polymorphisms within the NCAPG - LCORL locus located on BTA6 with feed intake, gain, meat and carcass traits in beef cattle

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In a previously reported genome-wide association study based on a high-density bovine SNP genotyping array, 8 SNP were nominally associated (<it>P </it>≤ 0.003) with average daily gain (ADG) and 3 of these were also associated (<it>P </it>≤ 0.002) with average daily feed intake (ADFI) in a population of crossbred beef cattle. The SNP were clustered in a 570 kb region around 38 Mb on the draft sequence of bovine chromosome 6 (BTA6), an interval containing several positional and functional candidate genes including the bovine <it>LAP3, NCAPG</it>, and <it>LCORL </it>genes. The goal of the present study was to develop and examine additional markers in this region to optimize the ability to distinguish favorable alleles, with potential to identify functional variation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Animals from the original study were genotyped for 47 SNP within or near the gene boundaries of the three candidate genes. Sixteen markers in the <it>NCAPG-LCORL </it>locus displayed significant association with both ADFI and ADG even after stringent correction for multiple testing (P ≤ 005). These markers were evaluated for their effects on meat and carcass traits. The alleles associated with higher ADFI and ADG were also associated with higher hot carcass weight (HCW) and ribeye area (REA), and lower adjusted fat thickness (AFT). A reduced set of markers was genotyped on a separate, crossbred population including genetic contributions from 14 beef cattle breeds. Two of the markers located within the <it>LCORL </it>gene locus remained significant for ADG (P ≤ 0.04).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Several markers within the <it>NCAPG-LCORL </it>locus were significantly associated with feed intake and body weight gain phenotypes. These markers were also associated with HCW, REA and AFT suggesting that they are involved with lean growth and reduced fat deposition. Additionally, the two markers significant for ADG in the validation population of animals may be more robust for the prediction of ADG and possibly the correlated trait ADFI, across multiple breeds and populations of cattle.</p

The Vehicle, 1969, Vol. 11 no. 2

Vol. 11, No. 2 Table of Contents Short Story: The TripCharles Whitepage 4 PhotoDale Huberpage 5 A NightRoger Zulaufpage 6 Sixteen-year-old Students...NBpage 6 LostJim Biropage 6 The AmateurRoger Zulaufpage 7 ManRoger Zulaufpage 7 My CamelotRonald Garnerpage 7 The Rose and the BriarKenneth L. Folkertspage 9 Who Am I?Frank McKennedypage 10 PhotoDale Huberpage 11 Mr. Samuel ClemensLarry A. Millerpage 11 Lock OutAra Childspage 12 Excuse MeRoger Zulaufpage 12 On Shadows from a Candle \u2767Michael G. McKeepage 12 beginning of an endCaryl Dagropage 12 DrawingMADpage 13 We Ain\u27t Un HurJames Birchlerpage 13 Genesis II, 18 \u2767Michael G. McKeepage 13 Short Story: A Patent Leather PaleEleanor Aikenpage 14 hungry childRoger Zulaufpage 15 DrawingRoger Zulaufpage 15 PhotoRoger Digglepage 16 Do You Like The Rain?Linda Boltmanpage 17 Seasons ChangePerry J. Carterpage 17 PhotoDale Huberpage 19 Whistling TreesPam McKinneypage 19 PostscriptThomas W. Reapage 20 PhotoDale Huberpage 20https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1020/thumbnail.jp

The Vehicle, 1969, Vol. 11 no. 2

Vol. 11, No. 2 Table of Contents Short Story: The TripCharles Whitepage 4 PhotoDale Huberpage 5 A NightRoger Zulaufpage 6 Sixteen-year-old Students...NBpage 6 LostJim Biropage 6 The AmateurRoger Zulaufpage 7 ManRoger Zulaufpage 7 My CamelotRonald Garnerpage 7 The Rose and the BriarKenneth L. Folkertspage 9 Who Am I?Frank McKennedypage 10 PhotoDale Huberpage 11 Mr. Samuel ClemensLarry A. Millerpage 11 Lock OutAra Childspage 12 Excuse MeRoger Zulaufpage 12 On Shadows from a Candle \u2767Michael G. McKeepage 12 beginning of an endCaryl Dagropage 12 DrawingMADpage 13 We Ain\u27t Un HurJames Birchlerpage 13 Genesis II, 18 \u2767Michael G. McKeepage 13 Short Story: A Patent Leather PaleEleanor Aikenpage 14 hungry childRoger Zulaufpage 15 DrawingRoger Zulaufpage 15 PhotoRoger Digglepage 16 Do You Like The Rain?Linda Boltmanpage 17 Seasons ChangePerry J. Carterpage 17 PhotoDale Huberpage 19 Whistling TreesPam McKinneypage 19 PostscriptThomas W. Reapage 20 PhotoDale Huberpage 20https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1020/thumbnail.jp

Sacred turf: the Wimbledon tennis championships and the changing politics of Englishness

© 2015 Taylor & Francis. This article is about ‘Wimbledon’, widely celebrated – not least in its own publicity material – as the world’s premier tennis tournament. It examines ‘Wimbledon’ essentially as a text (hence the inverted commas), viewed politically and historically. In this context, ‘Wimbledon’ is seen as a signifier of a certain kind of Englishness, carefully adapted to meet changing social and economic circumstance. Loose parallels are drawn between the cultural trajectory of ‘Wimbledon’ and that of the British royal family. The transmutations of ‘Wimbledon’ as a tennis championship are also seen as reflecting Britain’s decline as a world power during the twentieth century

Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height

Most common human traits and diseases have a polygenic pattern of inheritance: DNA sequence variants at many genetic loci influence the phenotype. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified more than 600 variants associated with human traits, but these typically explain small fractions of phenotypic variation, raising questions about the use of further studies. Here, using 183,727 individuals, we show that hundreds of genetic variants, in at least 180 loci, influence adult height, a highly heritable and classic polygenic trait. The large number of loci reveals patterns with important implications for genetic studies of common human diseases and traits. First, the 180 loci are not random, but instead are enriched for genes that are connected in biological pathways (P = 0.016) and that underlie skeletal growth defects (P < 0.001). Second, the likely causal gene is often located near the most strongly associated variant: in 13 of 21 loci containing a known skeletal growth gene, that gene was closest to the associated variant. Third, at least 19 loci have multiple independently associated variants, suggesting that allelic heterogeneity is a frequent feature of polygenic traits, that comprehensive explorations of already-discovered loci should discover additional variants and that an appreciable fraction of associated loci may have been identified. Fourth, associated variants are enriched for likely functional effects on genes, being over-represented among variants that alter amino-acid structure of proteins and expression levels of nearby genes. Our data explain approximately 10% of the phenotypic variation in height, and we estimate that unidentified common variants of similar effect sizes would increase this figure to approximately 16% of phenotypic variation (approximately 20% of heritable variation). Although additional approaches are needed to dissect the genetic architecture of polygenic human traits fully, our findings indicate that GWA studies can identify large numbers of loci that implicate biologically relevant genes and pathways.