ANÁLISIS PROXIMAL Y CUANTIFICACIÓN DE ANTOCIANINAS TOTALES EN Zea mays VARIEDAD MORADA SOMETIDO A DIFERENTES PROCESOS DE SECADO

The Zea mays purple variety is a plant native to America that has purple grain and crown, thanks to the anthocyanins that are the pigments that give this color. The objective of this work was to analyze the influence of the various drying procedures of the purple maize carried out by the producers of the Ica valley, on the proximal chemical composition and the content of total anthocyanins. 5 drying procedures were applied, which were coded from T1 to T5 and the coronas and grains were analyzed separately; it is observed that the different treatments do not significantly affect the chemical composition of the crown or the grain; however, treatments 3 and 4 preserved a higher content of anthocyanins in the crown (1513 and 1516 mg / 100g), while treatment 2 preserved a higher content of anthocyanin in the grain (907,1 mg / 100g).El Zea mays, variedad morada, es una planta oriunda de América que tiene el grano y la coronta de color morado, gracias a las antocianinas que son los pigmentos que le confieren este color. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar la influencia de los diversos procedimientos de secado del maíz morado que ejecutan los productores del valle de Ica, sobre la composición químico proximal y el contenido de antocianinas totales. Se aplicó 5 procedimientos de secado, los que se codificaron de T1 a T5 y se analizó las corontas y los granos por separado; se observa que los diferentes tratamientos no afectan significativamente la composición químico proximal de la coronta ni del grano; sin embargo, los tratamientos 3 y 4 preservaron un mayor contenido de antocianinas en la coronta (1513 y 1516 mg/100g), mientras que el tratamiento 2 preservó un mayor contenido de antocianina en el grano (907,1 mg/100g)

Perfil de Disolucion de comprimidos de ibuprofeno con problemas de bioequivalencia en medio biorelevante formado por Lauril sulfato sódico/ Perfil de Dissolução dos comprimidos de ibuprofeno com problemas de bioequivalência em meio biorelevante formado por Lauril sulfato de sódio

Se realizó una comparación entre los medios convencionales de disolución y medios de disolución con Lauril Sulfato de sodio (LSS) a 1% para perfiles de disolución de comprimidos de ibuprofeno de 800 mg, considerando a las soluciones de LSS como medio biorelevantes. El ibuprofeno es un ácido débil que pertenece a la clase II del sistema de clasificación biofarmacéutica; se trata de un fármaco de baja solubilidad, pero de alta permeabilidad, ante esto se sugiere el uso de medios no convencionales como excipientes tensioactivos utilizados en la formulación del comprimido como el Lauril sulfato de sodio Según los perfiles de disolución obtenidos, los comprimidos de Ibuprofeno en medios de pH 4,6 y 6,8 – neutro se llega a disolver en 60 minutos más del 85% del comprimido, pero en medios ácidos extremos como pH 1,2 la solubilidad es extremadamente baja tanto en medio convencional como con LSS. Las pequeñas diferencias en la utilización de Lauril Sulfato de Sodio en los medios a pH mayores de 4,5 para los comprimidos de Ibuprofeno indican que de ser posible se utilicen soluciones de LSS al 1% en medio neutro, medio donde encontramos una disolución del 100% +-2 unidades. Es determinante que a pH menores de 4,5 la influencia de la actividad de hidrogeno en la solubilidad del ibuprofeno afecta el proceso de disolución., por lo que no se utilizan soluciones de pH 1,2

Tecnologías de la información y comunicaciones en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje universitario: Progreso educativo

El propósito del trabajo fue analizar las tecnologías de la información y comunicaciones en el proceso enseñanza–aprendizaje universitario como progreso educativo. Se indicó cómo se acrecienta el conocimiento tanto en los docentes y alumnos mediante el uso aplicativo de las tecnologías de la información y comunicaciones (TIC). Asimismo, se destacó la necesidad de los docentes en mantener capacitaciones de forma sistemáticas para el uso de las TIC en aula y lo que representa como mecanismo de integración para la formación profesional. Finalmente, se describe la creación de habilidades binomiales entre docentes-estudiantes que posibilitan modificar el enfoque tradicional por enfoque de competencia durante la nueva enseñanza del siglo XXI

Biophenolic compounds and metal ions associated with the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of Heliotropium arborescens L. leaves from the Andean region of Ayacucho-Peru

Heliotropium arborescens (Galán de Mera et al. 2022) is a herbaceous plant that contains various biophenolic compounds that exhibit antibacterial property and antioxidant activity that could prevent diseases caused by free radicals. The objective was to study the biophenolic compounds and metal ions associated with the in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of Heliotropium arborescens L. leaves from the Andean region of Ayacucho-Peru. The total polyphenolic content (TPC) was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method; Total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined by spectrophotometry at 510 nm, TFC was expressed in mg quercetin/g sample (mg QE/g). Antioxidant activity by three in vitro methods; determination of metals by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) and antibacterial activity by agar diffusion method. The values ​​obtained from the TPC were 306.80±0.05 mg GAE/g, TFC 111.53±0.25 mg QE/g. Antioxidant activity: DPPH IC50 37.55±0.04 µL and 65.64±0.10 µL, at 0.47 and 0.93 mg/mL extract, respectively; ABTS 0.20±0.01 mM TEAC/g (0.41 mg/mL extract) and 0.47±0.01 (0.82 mg/mL extract); FRAP 0.24±0.01 mM TEAC/g (0.94 mg/mL extract) and 0.46±0.02 mM TEAC/g (1.88 mg/mL extract). Correlation relationship TFC/DPPH (r=0.9994; R2 0.9989), TFC/ABTS (r = 0.9572; R2 0.9998) and TFC/FRAP (r = 09933; R2 0.9868). Calcium 1.22±0.04, copper 0.77±0.05, magnesium 851.7±3.06 and zinc 20.63±1.19 mg/100 g were found in all cases. Antibacterial activity on Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) > 400 μg/mL. It is concluded that the total biophenolic components and metals of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of H. arborescens L. show potential antioxidant activity, and moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Graphical abstract

Abamectin and emamectin in grapes of Vitis vinifera L. from a district of the Valley of Ica-Peru

Context: In 14 districts of the valley of Ica-Peru, Vitis vinifera L. plants are cultivated that produce grapes for consumption as table grapes and raisins (dried grapes); at the same time, for the production of wines and Piscos. Aims: To determine the levels of abamectin and emamectin in grapes of Vitis vinifera L from a district of the Valley of Ica-Peru. Methods: 30 lots (30 kg) of Moscatel grape variety V. vinifera L. were collected from six countryside (artisanal and organic cultivation) of the San Juan Bautista district. The extraction of abamectin (ABM) and emamectin benzoate (EMB) from the grapes was carried out with acetonitrile; it was quantified by means of Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The maximum permissible limit values (MRL) were established at 0.010 ppm for both insecticides. Results: The determined levels of abamectin and emamectin in grapes were 0.0012-0.015 ppm and 0.0013-0.013 ppm, respectively. Values higher than the maximum permissible limits of abamectin were found in batches A2 (0.0102 ppm), C1 (0.015 ppm), C5 (0.0113 ppm), and F2 (0.012 ppm); emamectin benzoate in lots B1 (0.0113 ppm), B4 (0.013 ppm) and C4 (0.012 ppm). Using the Shapiro-Wilk, Anderson Darling and Student’s t tests, it was found that the global means of the values of the two insecticides in grapes are lower than the MRL. According to the global analysis of variance, the means of the concentrations of both insecticides were not different between the six sampling zones (countryside). Conclusions: The insecticides abamectin and emamectin are below the maximum permissible limit values (0.010 ppm) in Moscatel grapes of Vitis vinifera L., so the residual effect would not have implications for human health

Phenytoin concentration in people with epilepsy: a comparative study in serum and saliva

In clinical practice, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) makes it possible to measure the concentration of drugs in serum or saliva, the purpose of which is to reduce adverse effects and optimize pharmacological therapy. The objective was to determine the concentrations of Phenytoin in saliva and serum of people with epilepsy. Cross-sectional, descriptive study with dynamic recruitment of 30 people with epilepsy (n = 30; 17 men, 56.7% and 13 women, 43.3%; mean age 33.9 ± 11.83 years). Serum and saliva samples were collected at trough levels from patients, who were under phenytoin treatment for at least three months. Drug levels were assessed by the Cloned Donor Enzyme Immunoassay method. Phenytoin levels were found in saliva between 0.01 to 3.56 mg/L and in serum between 0.09 to 36.60 mg/L. Pearson’s analysis showed an association between the estimated serum and saliva phenytoin concentrations (R2 0.7026; 95% CI 0.685-0.921), with a significant statistical correlation (p < 0.05). The Bland-Altman test broke concordance, the difference between the two saliva/serum methods is within 95% confidence. It is concluded that there is an association and concordance between the concentrations of phenytoin in serum and saliva, therefore, this technique can be useful in the clinical monitoring of phenytoin