Ad Lucem: QED parton distribution functions in the MMHT framework

We present the MMHT2015qed PDF set, resulting from the inclusion of QED corrections to the existing set of MMHT Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs), and which contain the photon PDF of the proton. Adopting an input distribution from the LUXqed formulation, we discuss our methods of including QED effects for the full, coupled DGLAP evolution of all partons with QED at O(α) , O(ααS) , O(α2) . While we find consistency for the photon PDF of the proton with other recent sets, building on this we also present a set of QED corrected neutron PDFs and provide the photon PDF separated into its elastic and inelastic contributions. The effect of QED corrections on the other partons and the fit quality is investigated, and the sources of uncertainty for the photon are outlined. Finally we explore the phenomenological implications of this set, giving the partonic luminosities for both the elastic and inelastic contributions to the photon and the effect of our photon PDF on fits to high mass Drell–Yan production, including the photon-initiated channel

Charm and beauty quark masses in the MMHT2014 global PDF analysis

We investigate the variation in the MMHT2014 PDFs when we allow the heavy-quark masses mcmc and mbmb to vary away from their default values. We make PDF sets available in steps of Δmc=0.05 GeVΔmc=0.05 GeV and Δmb=0.25 GeVΔmb=0.25 GeV , and present the variation in the PDFs and in the predictions. We examine the comparison to the HERA data on charm and beauty structure functions and note that in each case the heavy-quark data, and the inclusive data, have a slight preference for lower masses than our default values. We provide PDF sets with three and four active quark flavours, as well as the standard value of five flavours. We use the pole mass definition of the quark masses, as in the default MMHT2014 analysis, but briefly comment on the MS¯¯¯¯¯¯¯MS¯ definition

MMHT PDFs: Updates and Outlook

We present the latest results of studies within the MMHT PDF framework. We discuss the impact of the most recent ATLAS 7 TeV jet data, demonstrating that while a good fit can be achieved for individual jet rapidity bins, it is not possible to achieve a good description of the data when all bins are fitted. We examine the role that the experimental correlated systematic uncertainties play in this, and demonstrate that by simply decorrelating no more than two sources of error between rapidity bins, a remarkably improved description of the data can be achieved. We then study the impact of NNLO corrections, showing that a mild decrease in the fit quality is produced. We also present the results of including new LHC W, Z, W + c and tt¯ data on the MMHT14 PDF set, showing that a marked decrease in the s + ¯s uncertainty is in particular achieved. Finally, some discussion of the latest work towards the inclusion of the photon PDF within the MMHT framework is presented

The analysis of nonlinear systems in the frequency domain using Nonlinear Output Frequency Response Functions

The Nonlinear Output Frequency Response Functions (NOFRFs) are a concept which provides a new extension of the well-known concept of the Frequency Response Function (FRF) of linear systems to the nonlinear case. The present study introduces a NOFRFs based approach for the analysis of nonlinear systems in the frequency domain. It is well known that a nonlinear system can, under rather general conditions, be represented by a polynomial type Nonlinear Auto Regressive with eXogenous input (NARX) model. From the NARX model of a nonlinear system under study, the NOFRFs based approach for the frequency analysis of nonlinear systems involves solving a set of linear difference equations known as the Associated Linear Equations (ALEs) to determine the system nonlinear output responses and then the NOFRFs of the system up to an arbitrary order of nonlinearity of interests. The results enable a representation of the frequency domain characteristics of nonlinear systems by means of a series of Bode diagram like plots that can be used for nonlinear system frequency analyses for various purposes including, for example, condition monitoring, fault diagnosis, and nonlinear modal analysis

Mode-hop-free tuning over 135 GHz of external cavity diode lasers without anti-reflection coating

We report an external cavity diode laser (ECDL), using a diode whose front facet is not antireflection (AR) coated, that has a mode-hop-free (MHF) tuning range greater than 135 GHz. We achieved this using a short external cavity and by simultaneously tuning the internal and external modes of the laser. We find that the precise location of the pivot point of the grating in our laser is less critical than commonly believed. The general applicability of the method, combined with the compact portable mechanical and electronic design, makes it well suited for both research and industrial applications.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Exclusive double-diffractive production of open charm in proton-proton and proton-antiproton collisions

We calculate differential cross sections for exclusive double diffractive (EDD) production of open charm in proton-proton and proton-antiproton collisions. Sizeable cross sections are found. The EDD contribution constitutes about 1 % of the total inclusive cross section for open charm production. A few differential distributions are shown and discussed. The EDD contribution falls faster both with transverse momentum of the $c$ quark/antiquark and the $c \bar c$ invariant mass than in the inclusive case.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure

Antiferromagnetic ordering in a 90 K copper oxide superconductor

Using elastic neutron scattering, we evidence a commensurate antiferromagnetic Cu(2) order (AF) in the superconducting (SC) high-$\rm T_c$ cuprate $\rm YBa_2(Cu_{1-y}Co_y)_3O_{7+\delta}$ (y=0.013, $\rm T_c$=93 K). As in the Co-free system, the spin excitation spectrum is dominated by a magnetic resonance peak at 41 meV but with a reduced spectral weight. The substitution of Co thus leads to a state where AF and SC cohabit showing that the CuO$_2$ plane is a highly antiferromagnetically polarizable medium even for a sample where T$_c$ remains optimum.Comment: 3 figure

Superconducting fluctuation corrections to ultrasound attenuation in layered superconductors

We consider the temperature dependence of the sound attenuation and sound velocity in layered impure metals due to superconducting fluctuations of the order parameter above the critical temperature. We obtain the dependence on material properties of these fluctuation corrections in the hydrodynamic limit, where the electron mean free path is much smaller than the wavelength of sound and where the electron collision rate is much larger than the sound frequency. For longitudinal sound propagating perpendicular to the layers, the open Fermi surface condition leads to a suppression of the divergent contributions to leading order, in contrast with the case of paraconductivity. The leading temperature dependent corrections, given by the Aslamazov-Larkin, Maki-Thompson and density of states terms, remain finite as T->Tc. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of new ultrasonic experiments on layered organic conductors should make these fluctuations effects measurable.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for PRB. Added discussion on incoherent interlayer tunneling and other small modifications suggested by referee

Study of dielectron production in C+C collisions at 1 AGeV

The emission of e+e- pairs from C+C collisions at an incident energy of 1 GeV per nucleon has been investigated. The measured production probabilities, spanning from the pi0-Dalitz to the rho/omega! invariant-mass region, display a strong excess above the cocktail of standard hadronic sources. The bombarding-energy dependence of this excess is found to scale like pion production, rather than like eta production. The data are in good agreement with results obtained in the former DLS experiment.Comment: submitted to Physics Letters