Pratiques de recours aux médicaments chez les femmes migrantes chinoises à Montréal

Ce mémoire de maîtrise vise à produire des connaissances sur les pratiques de recours aux médicaments chez les femmes migrantes chinoises à Montréal. Plus précisément, le but de l'étude est de documenter leurs pratiques de recours aux médicaments, d'analyser les logiques qui les sous-tendent et finalement d'évaluer l'impact de l'expérience migratoire sur ceux-ci. Une approche anthropologique sensible aux facteurs culturels, socio-économiques et politiques sert de contexte d'analyse aux entretiens semidirigés, réalisés auprès de femmes migrantes chinoises. La reconstruction des itinéraires thérapeutiques a dans un premier temps permis d'observer des expériences de santé et de recours thérapeutiques qui bougent dans le temps et qui sont marqués par la migration ainsi que par des temps forts tels que les grossesses et les périodes de stress. Dans un deuxième temps, l'analyse qualitative a servi à dégager trois principaux facteurs d'influence sur les recours médicamenteux et thérapeutiques : les représentations culturelles, le vécu des expériences de santé et les stratégies d'accessibilité aux soins et aux médicaments. Les données récoltées tendent à montrer d’une part que les expériences de santé et les stratégies d'accessibilité aux médicaments et aux soins sont influencées par l'expérience migratoire et d’autre part que les pratiques thérapeutiques de nos informatrices sont imprégnées de pluralisme, et ce, au Canada comme en Chine.This Master's thesis aims to build knowledge on migrant Chinese women living in Montréal and their medicine consumption habits. More precisely, the research's objectives are to document medicine consumption habits, to analyse tendencies underlying this consumption and to evaluate the impact migration can have on them. An anthropological approach, sensitive to cultural, socio-economic and political factors framed the analysis of semi-directed interviews conducted with migrant Chinese women. First, by reconstructing therapeutic itineraries, we were able to see health experiences and health-seeking behaviours that change with time and that are deeply influenced by the migration process and by key events like pregnancies and stressful events. Secondly, we performed a qualitative data analysis that allowed us to observe that three main factors influence medicine consumption and health-seeking behaviours: cultural representations, health experiences and health care and medicine access strategies. Overall, we found that migration influences health experiences and health-seeking strategies and that Chinese women living in Montréal use pluralistic resources when managing their health, in Canada as well as in China

Developmental Stability: A Major Role for Cyclin G in Drosophila melanogaster

Morphological consistency in metazoans is remarkable given the pervasive occurrence of genetic variation, environmental effects, and developmental noise. Developmental stability, the ability to reduce developmental noise, is a fundamental property of multicellular organisms, yet its genetic bases remains elusive. Imperfect bilateral symmetry, or fluctuating asymmetry, is commonly used to estimate developmental stability. We observed that Drosophila melanogaster overexpressing Cyclin G (CycG) exhibit wing asymmetry clearly detectable by sight. Quantification of wing size and shape using geometric morphometrics reveals that this asymmetry is a genuine—but extreme—fluctuating asymmetry. Overexpression of CycG indeed leads to a 40-fold increase of wing fluctuating asymmetry, which is an unprecedented effect, for any organ and in any animal model, either in wild populations or mutants. This asymmetry effect is not restricted to wings, since femur length is affected as well. Inactivating CycG by RNAi also induces fluctuating asymmetry but to a lesser extent. Investigating the cellular bases of the phenotypic effects of CycG deregulation, we found that misregulation of cell size is predominant in asymmetric flies. In particular, the tight negative correlation between cell size and cell number observed in wild-type flies is impaired when CycG is upregulated. Our results highlight the role of CycG in the control of developmental stability in D. melanogaster. Furthermore, they show that wing developmental stability is normally ensured via compensatory processes between cell growth and cell proliferation. We discuss the possible role of CycG as a hub in a genetic network that controls developmental stability

Search for gravitational-lensing signatures in the full third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo network

Gravitational lensing by massive objects along the line of sight to the source causes distortions of gravitational wave-signals; such distortions may reveal information about fundamental physics, cosmology and astrophysics. In this work, we have extended the search for lensing signatures to all binary black hole events from the third observing run of the LIGO--Virgo network. We search for repeated signals from strong lensing by 1) performing targeted searches for subthreshold signals, 2) calculating the degree of overlap amongst the intrinsic parameters and sky location of pairs of signals, 3) comparing the similarities of the spectrograms amongst pairs of signals, and 4) performing dual-signal Bayesian analysis that takes into account selection effects and astrophysical knowledge. We also search for distortions to the gravitational waveform caused by 1) frequency-independent phase shifts in strongly lensed images, and 2) frequency-dependent modulation of the amplitude and phase due to point masses. None of these searches yields significant evidence for lensing. Finally, we use the non-detection of gravitational-wave lensing to constrain the lensing rate based on the latest merger-rate estimates and the fraction of dark matter composed of compact objects

Search for eccentric black hole coalescences during the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo

Despite the growing number of confident binary black hole coalescences observed through gravitational waves so far, the astrophysical origin of these binaries remains uncertain. Orbital eccentricity is one of the clearest tracers of binary formation channels. Identifying binary eccentricity, however, remains challenging due to the limited availability of gravitational waveforms that include effects of eccentricity. Here, we present observational results for a waveform-independent search sensitive to eccentric black hole coalescences, covering the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. We identified no new high-significance candidates beyond those that were already identified with searches focusing on quasi-circular binaries. We determine the sensitivity of our search to high-mass (total mass M>70 M⊙) binaries covering eccentricities up to 0.3 at 15 Hz orbital frequency, and use this to compare model predictions to search results. Assuming all detections are indeed quasi-circular, for our fiducial population model, we place an upper limit for the merger rate density of high-mass binaries with eccentricities 0<e≤0.3 at 0.33 Gpc−3 yr−1 at 90\% confidence level

Ultralight vector dark matter search using data from the KAGRA O3GK run

Among the various candidates for dark matter (DM), ultralight vector DM can be probed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors through the measurement of oscillating length changes in the arm cavities. In this context, KAGRA has a unique feature due to differing compositions of its mirrors, enhancing the signal of vector DM in the length change in the auxiliary channels. Here we present the result of a search for U(1)B−L gauge boson DM using the KAGRA data from auxiliary length channels during the first joint observation run together with GEO600. By applying our search pipeline, which takes into account the stochastic nature of ultralight DM, upper bounds on the coupling strength between the U(1)B−L gauge boson and ordinary matter are obtained for a range of DM masses. While our constraints are less stringent than those derived from previous experiments, this study demonstrates the applicability of our method to the lower-mass vector DM search, which is made difficult in this measurement by the short observation time compared to the auto-correlation time scale of DM

Yan Giguère

"The individual images constituting the three bodies of work reproduced in this catalogue possess the immense power of instigating their own narrative that ultimately interweaves [Yan Giguère]'s world and emotionality with the viewer's souvenirs. As such, these three series are constituted of over to 500 photographs generate thousands of narratives." -- p. 2

The MAP kinase pathway mediates transcytosis induced by TNF-α in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model

International audienceCerebral capillary endothelial cells constitute the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In these highly specialized cells, transcellular transports rarely occur, and the presence of tight junctions between them leads to a low paracellular permeability. In order to understand the functions of this barrier, an in vitro model of the BBB has been developed and consists in a co-culture of primary cerebral capillary endothelial cells and glial cells. When these endothelial cells are subjected to an inflammatory agent, such as tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α), in vitro BBB permeability is increased, as indicated by the increase in holotransferrin transcytosis. However, no significant change in the paracellular permeability is observed. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie these transcytosis processes, we investigated the implication of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway, as TNF-α is known to activate this kinase family. In the present study, an increase in the activation of p42–44 MAPK is observed after TNF-α treatment. Holotransferrin transcytosis as well as p42–44 MAPK activation are inhibited after addition of a p42–44 MAPK pathway inhibitor (UO126) during TNF-α challenge. These data suggest that the MAPK pathway is involved in the transcytosis regulation in endothelial cells from an in vitro BBB model

La mystification et l’ingéniosité de suppresseurs de tumeurs dans les fonctions nucléaires

International audienc