118,177 research outputs found
High-resolution spectroscopy of V854 Cen in decline - Absorption and emission lines of C_2 molecules
High-resolution optical spectra of the R Coronae Borealis (RBC) star V854
Centauri in the early stages of a decline show, in addition to the features
reported for other RCBs in decline, narrow absorption lines from the C_2
Phillips system. The low rotational temperature, T_rot = 1150K, of the C_2
ground electronic state suggests the cold gas is associated with the developing
shroud of carbon dust. These absorption lines were not seen at a fainter
magnitude on the rise from minimum light nor at maximum light. This is the
first detection of cold gas around a RCB star.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication by Monthly Notices of
the Royal Society of Astronom
On modular k-free sets
Let and be integers. A set is
-free if for all in , . We determine the maximal
cardinality of such a set when and are coprime. We also study several
particular cases and we propose an efficient algorithm for solving the general
case. We finally give the asymptotic behaviour of the minimal size of a
-free set in which is maximal for inclusion
The allelic partition for coalescent point processes
Assume that individuals alive at time in some population can be ranked in
such a way that the coalescence times between consecutive individuals are
i.i.d. The ranked sequence of these branches is called a coalescent point
process. We have shown in a previous work that splitting trees are important
instances of such populations. Here, individuals are given DNA sequences, and
for a sample of DNA sequences belonging to distinct individuals, we
consider the number of polymorphic sites (sites at which at least two
sequences differ), and the number of distinct haplotypes (sequences
differing at one site at least). It is standard to assume that mutations arrive
at constant rate (on germ lines), and never hit the same site on the DNA
sequence. We study the mutation pattern associated to coalescent point
processes under this assumption. Here, and grow linearly as
grows, with explicit rate. However, when the branch lengths have infinite
expectation, grows more rapidly, e.g. as for critical
birth--death processes. Then, we study the frequency spectrum of the sample,
that is, the numbers of polymorphic sites/haplotypes carried by individuals
in the sample. These numbers are shown to grow also linearly with sample size,
and we provide simple explicit formulae for mutation frequencies and haplotype
frequencies. For critical birth--death processes, mutation frequencies are
given by the harmonic series and haplotype frequencies by Fisher logarithmic
series
A Maskless Photolithography Apparatus for the Microfabrication of Electrical Leads
Graphene is a new and exciting, two-dimensional material. Particularly interesting are the electrical features of graphene. The small size of graphene used in this experiment (on the scale of microns) presents the need for small electrical leads. Photolithography can be used to make appropriately sized leads by depositing metal onto substrates in specific patterns. The technique uses light to transfer geometric patterns onto a light sensitive photoresist on the surface of a substrate. We have built a low cost, maskless photolithography apparatus assembled from a computer, a consumer grade projector, and a microscope. With multiple exposures, we can make features ranging from approximately 1 μm to 785 μm. The 1 μm feature size is near the theoretical minimum for the wavelength of blue light used, and will be more than sufficient for contacting the flakes of graphene, which average 50 μm in size
The M5-brane on K3 x T^2
We discuss the low energy effective theory of an M5-brane wrapped on a smooth
holomorphic four-cycle of K3 x T^2, including the special case of T^6. In
particular we give the lowest order equations of motion and resolve a puzzle
concerning the counting of massless modes that was reported in hep-th/9906094.
In order to find agreement with black hole entropy and anomaly inflow arguments
we propose that some of the moduli become massive.Comment: 17 pages LaTex, reference adde
Measurements of the polarisation amplitudes and triple product asymmetries in B_s^0 to phi phi
Using 1fb^{-1} of pp collision data collected at center of mass energy
sqrt{s} = 7 TeV during 2011 by the LHCb detector. Measurements of the triple
product asymmetries, polarisation amplitudes and strong phase difference in the
decay B_s^0 to phi phi are presented.Comment: Written for Moriond 2012 Electroweak Session. 4 pages, 3 figure
Species abundance distributions in neutral models with immigration or mutation and general lifetimes
We consider a general, neutral, dynamical model of biodiversity. Individuals
have i.i.d. lifetime durations, which are not necessarily exponentially
distributed, and each individual gives birth independently at constant rate
\lambda. We assume that types are clonally inherited. We consider two classes
of speciation models in this setting. In the immigration model, new individuals
of an entirely new species singly enter the population at constant rate \mu
(e.g., from the mainland into the island). In the mutation model, each
individual independently experiences point mutations in its germ line, at
constant rate \theta. We are interested in the species abundance distribution,
i.e., in the numbers, denoted I_n(k) in the immigration model and A_n(k) in the
mutation model, of species represented by k individuals, k=1,2,...,n, when
there are n individuals in the total population. In the immigration model, we
prove that the numbers (I_t(k);k\ge 1) of species represented by k individuals
at time t, are independent Poisson variables with parameters as in Fisher's
log-series. When conditioning on the total size of the population to equal n,
this results in species abundance distributions given by Ewens' sampling
formula. In particular, I_n(k) converges as n\to\infty to a Poisson r.v. with
mean \gamma /k, where \gamma:=\mu/\lambda. In the mutation model, as
n\to\infty, we obtain the almost sure convergence of n^{-1}A_n(k) to a
nonrandom explicit constant. In the case of a critical, linear birth--death
process, this constant is given by Fisher's log-series, namely n^{-1}A_n(k)
converges to \alpha^{k}/k, where \alpha :=\lambda/(\lambda+\theta). In both
models, the abundances of the most abundant species are briefly discussed.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures. To appear in Journal of Mathematical Biology.
The final publication is available at http://www.springerlink.co
Impartiality, Close Friendships and the Confucian Tradition
This article explores the relationship between friendship and morality. Two ideas have
been influential in the history of moral philosophy: the impartial standpoint and close
friendship. These two perspectives on thought and action can conflict, however, and
such a case is presented here.
In an attempt to resolve these tensions, and understand the assumption that gives
rise to it, I explore an alternative conception of moral conduct and friendship suggested
by early Confucian thought. Within this account, moral conduct is that which
aims at harmony, understood as the appropriate blending of different elements.
This suggests
a conception of friendship that realizes harmony through a focus on
shared activities, and the quality of interaction achieved between people as they participate
in shared social events. This account offers a novel way of conceptualizing
friendship, which also avoids the tension between the impartial standpoint and close
friendship
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