Pärilik vähk: diagnoos kinnitatud 23 aastat hiljem

1992. aasta juunikuu Eesti Arsti rubriigis „Kogemuste vahetamine ja kasuistika“ ilmus Evi Hindi ja Maret Purde artikkel „Pärilik vähk: sugupuu uurimus“. Artiklis toodi päriliku vähi näidetena kahe suguvõsa lugu: ühes perekonnas esines mitmetel lähisugulastel erinevaid pahaloomulisi kasvajaid, eelkõige jämesoolevähki, ning teises perekonnas rinna- ja maovähki. Kirjutis lõppes soovitusega, et lisaks tervete pereliikmete profülaktilisele uurimisele oleks „tulevikus ka geenianalüüs hädavajalik” (1).2015. aasta septembris tuli TÜ Kliinikumi geneetikakeskusesse arsti vastuvõtule 48aastane meespatsient, kaasas eelmainitud artikli koopia (vt foto 1). Patsient oli põdenud 39 ja 41 aasta vanuses jämesoolevähki ning talle oli tehtud jämesoole osaline resektsioon. Kliinilise pildi ja pereanamneesi alusel oli diagnoositud Lynchi sündroomi ehk pärilikku mittepolüpoosset jämesoolevähki, kuid geeniuuringuid ei olnud pereliikmetele seni tehtud. Aastatetaguses Eesti Arstis oli kirjeldatud tema isapoolset suguvõsa. Patsiendi sooviks oli teha geeniuuringud, et leida üles perekonnas esinevate vähkkasvajate põhjus.Eesti Arst 2016; 95(9):610–61

Beluga, Delphinapterus leucas, Distribution and Survey Effort in the Gulf of Alaska

Beluga, Delphinapterus leucas, distribution in the Gulf of Alaska and adjacent inside waters was examined through a review of surveys conducted as far back as 1936. Although beluga sightings have occurred on almost every marine mammal survey in northern Cook Inlet (over 20 surveys reported here), beluga sightings have been rare outside the inlet in the Gulf of Alaska. More than 150,000 km of dedicated survey effort in the Gulf of Alaska resulted in sightings of over 23,000 individual cetaceans, of which only 4 beluga sightings (5 individuals) occurred. In addition, nearly 100,000 individual cetaceans were reported in the Platforms of Opportunity database; yet, of these, only 5 sightings (39 individuals) were belugas. Furthermore, approximately 19 beluga sightings (>260 individuals), possibly including resightings, have been reported without information on effort or other cetacean sightings. Of the 28 sightings of belugas outside of Cook Inlet, 9 were near Kodiak Island, 10 were in or near Prince William Sound, 8 were in Yakutat Bay, and 1 anomalous sighting was well south of the Gulf. These sightings support archaeological and commercial harvest evidence indicating the only persistent group of belugas in the Gulf of Alaska occurs in Cook Inlet

Meaningful Gesture in Monkeys? Investigating whether Mandrills Create Social Culture

BACKGROUND: Human societies exhibit a rich array of gestures with cultural origins. Often these gestures are found exclusively in local populations, where their meaning has been crafted by a community into a shared convention. In nonhuman primates like African monkeys, little evidence exists for such culturally-conventionalized gestures. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here I report a striking gesture unique to a single community of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) among nineteen studied across North America, Africa, and Europe. The gesture was found within a community of 23 mandrills where individuals old and young, female and male covered their eyes with their hands for periods which could exceed 30 min, often while simultaneously raising their elbow prominently into the air. This 'Eye covering' gesture has been performed within the community for a decade, enduring deaths, removals, and births, and it persists into the present. Differential responses to Eye covering versus controls suggested that the gesture might have a locally-respected meaning, potentially functioning over a distance to inhibit interruptions as a 'do not disturb' sign operates. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The creation of this gesture by monkeys suggests that the ability to cultivate shared meanings using novel manual acts may be distributed more broadly beyond the human species. Although logistically difficult with primates, the translocation of gesturers between communities remains critical to experimentally establishing the possible cultural origin and transmission of nonhuman gestures

I kooliastme õpetajate kirjeldused digivahendite kasutamisest õppetöös ning õpetajate arvamused digivahendite mõjust õpilaste digipädevusele Tamsalu Gümnaasiumi näitel

https://www.ester.ee/record=b5510569*es

Onkoloogilised konsultatsioonid meditsiinigeneetikas: näidustused ja kliiniline praktika

Pahaloomulised kasvajad on üks sagedamini esinevaid terviseprobleeme tänapäeva ühiskonnas. Tulenevalt sellest tegelevad ka meditsiinigeneetikud oma töös onkogeneetiliste konsultatsioonidega järjest enam. Et suurenenud nõudlusega kaasas käia, on arenenud ka uuringuvõimalused ja metoodikad. Artikli eesmärk on anda ülevaade onkoloogiliste patsientide uuringuvõimalustest TÜ Kliinikumi ühendlabori kliinilise geneetika keskuses Tartus ja Tallinnas. Lisaks on käsitletud patsientide konsultatsioonile suunamist, uuringutaktikat lähtuvalt kasvaja tüübist ning sellest, kas tegemist on iduliini või somaatilise muutusega, ning uuringutest saadavat võimalikku kasu nii patsiendi kui ka tema lähisugulaste ja ka ühiskonna tasandil. Tegu on koolitusartikliga, milles on antud ülevaade kliinilise geneetika keskuse kliinilisest tööst ja kogemusest ning soovitusi, lähtudes teaduspõhistest diagnostika- ning ravijuhenditest

Do Wild Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) Use Tools When Hunting Walruses (Odobenus rosmarus)?

Since the late 1700s, reports of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) using tools (i.e., pieces of ice or stones) to kill walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) have been passed on verbally to explorers and naturalists by their Inuit guides, based on local traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) as well as accounts of direct observations or interpretations of tracks in the snow made by the Inuit hunters who reported them. To assess the possibility that polar bears may occasionally use tools to hunt walruses in the wild, we summarize 1) observations described to early explorers and naturalists by Inuit hunters about polar bears using tools, 2) more recent documentation in the literature from Inuit hunters and scientists, and 3) recent observations of a polar bear in a zoo spontaneously using tools to access a novel food source. These observations and previously published experiments on brown bears (Ursus arctos) confirm that, in captivity, polar and brown bears are both capable of conceptualizing the use of a tool to obtain a food source that would otherwise not be accessible. Based on the information from all our sources, this may occasionally also have been the case in the wild. We suggest that possible tool use by polar bears in the wild is infrequent and mainly limited to hunting walruses because of their large size, difficulty to kill, and their possession of potentially lethal weapons for both their own defense and the direct attack of a predator. Depuis la fin des années 1700, des signalements d’ours polaires (Ursus maritimus) se servant d’outils (comme des morceaux de glace ou des pierres) pour tuer des morses (Odobenus rosmarus) ont été communiqués verbalement par des guides inuits à divers explorateurs et naturalistes. Les guides en question se fondaient sur les connaissances écologiques traditionnelles (CET) locales de même que sur les interprétations de traces dans la neige ou les récits d’observations directes des chasseurs inuits ayant fait les signalements. Pour évaluer la possibilité que les ours polaires puissent parfois se servir d’outils pour chasser les morses en milieu sauvage, nous résumons : 1) les observations décrites aux premiers explorateurs et naturalistes par les chasseurs inuits au sujet de l’utilisation d’outils par les ours polaires; 2) la documentation récente attribuable aux chasseurs inuits et aux scientifiques; et 3) les récentes observations de l’ours polaire d’un zoo se servant d’outils spontanément pour avoir accès à une nouvelle source de nourriture. Ces observations, alliées à des expériences publiées au sujet d’ours bruns (Ursus arctos), permettent de confirmer qu’en captivité, tant les ours bruns que les ours polaires sont capables de conceptualiser l’utilisation d’un outil pour se procurer de la nourriture qui ne serait autrement pas accessible. D’après les renseignements prélevés auprès de toutes nos sources, cela aurait aussi pu être occasionnellement le cas en milieu sauvage. Nous suggérons que l’utilisation possible d’outils par les ours polaires en milieu sauvage n’est pas fréquente et qu’elle est surtout limitée à la chasse au morse en raison de la grande taille de cette espèce, de la difficulté à l’abattre et des armes potentiellement mortelles qu’elle possède, tant pour se défendre que pour attaquer un prédateur directement.&nbsp