157 research outputs found

    Vote choice in one round and two round elections

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    Nous proposons un modĂšle de vote stratĂ©gique dans lequel la dĂ©cision de supporter ou non un candidat dĂ©pend de B, le bĂ©nĂ©fice associĂ© Ă  l'Ă©lection de ce candidat, et de V, la viabilitĂ© perçue du candidat. Nous testons ce modĂšle sur des donnĂ©es obtenues lors d'une sĂ©rie d'expĂ©riences dans les quelles les participants votaient dans huit Ă©lections successives, quatre suivant la rĂšgle de vote Ă  un seul tour, et quatre suivant le vote Ă  deux tours. Nous montrons que le mĂȘme modĂšle s'applique aux deux systĂšmes, bien que l'impact de la viabilitĂ© soit lĂ©gĂšrement plus faible dans le cas des Ă©lections Ă  deux tours.Elections, systĂšme de vote, comportement stratĂ©gique

    Chroni(c)ques, scĂ©nario de tĂ©lĂ©sĂ©rie (extraits) suivi de Écrire pour la tĂ©lĂ©vision : suivre le guide
 ou pas ?, essai

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    Le prĂ©sent mĂ©moire de recherche-crĂ©ation se divise en deux parties. La partie « crĂ©ation » contient trois Ă©pisodes extraits d’une sĂ©rie tĂ©lĂ©visĂ©e originale s’intitulant Chroni[c]ques, laquelle raconte l’histoire de Tommy, un jeune revendeur de drogue bien intentionnĂ©. La seconde partie, rĂ©flexive, porte sur l’art de la scĂ©narisation tel que prĂ©sentĂ© dans quatre guides sur l’écriture sĂ©rielle, le but Ă©tant de dĂ©terminer si les prescriptions qu’on y trouve en vue de la rĂ©daction d’un scĂ©nario s’avĂšrent favorables Ă  la crĂ©ativitĂ© ou si, au contraire, elles tendent plutĂŽt Ă  en restreindre le dĂ©ploiement. Pour ce faire, quatre ouvrages sont explorĂ©s : The TV Writer’s Workbook d’Ellen Sandler, Writing The TV Drama Series de Pamela Douglas, Inside The Room de Linda Venis et The TV Showrunner’s Roadmap de Neil Landau. Ainsi, le premier chapitre de la partie essai prĂ©sente les prescriptions offertes par les guides Ă  l’étude, et ce, en fonction de cinq axes propres Ă  la scĂ©narisation pour la tĂ©lĂ©vision : le format, l’intrigue, les personnages, les dialogues et la mĂ©diation qui s’opĂšrent entre un scĂ©nario brut et ses conditions de rĂ©alisation finales. Le deuxiĂšme chapitre de cette partie consiste en une analyse de cas : celle d’une sĂ©rie tĂ©lĂ©visĂ©e qui semble de prime abord contrevenir aux prescriptions relevĂ©es prĂ©cĂ©demment, soit Weeds, crĂ©ation de Jenji Kohan diffusĂ©e sur les ondes de Showtime aux États-Unis. Il s’agit ici de vĂ©rifier dans quelle mesure cette sĂ©rie rĂ©pond ou non aux prescriptions des guides dĂ©cortiquĂ©s plus tĂŽt. Finalement, au troisiĂšme chapitre, un bref retour est effectuĂ© sur les dĂ©fis rencontrĂ©s au cours de l’écriture de Chroni[c]ques, principalement en ce qui concerne le respect, ou non, des prescriptions relevĂ©es et analysĂ©es au prĂ©alable

    Defect in lung growth Comparative study of three diagnostic criteria.

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    Traduction anglaise de l'article Arch Pediatr. 2004 Jun;11(6):515-7 Référence pubmed : 15158815A systematic analysis was made of the autopsies of 74 newborns and fetuses (49 pathological cases and 25 controls) to detect defects in lung growth. In each case lung/body (L/B) weight ratio was calculated, and radial alveolar (RA) count and histological assessment were performed. The L/B ratio is of diagnostic value when lower than 0.012 but not when there is intercurrent disease. RA count is low in lung hypoplasia but is not an entirely reliable diagnostic criterion since it change throughout pregnancy and the earlier the gestational age the wider the range of variation. Histological assessment showed an abnormally high number of bronchi and bronchi in distal location with in some cases delayed differentiation of distal airways. If any one of the above three critera fails to determine lung hypoplasia the other two can be used to arrive at diagnosis

    Enhanced individual selection for selecting fast growing fish: the "PROSPER" method, with application on brown trout (Salmo trutta fario)

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    Growth rate is the main breeding goal of fish breeders, but individual selection has often shown poor responses in fish species. The PROSPER method was developed to overcome possible factors that may contribute to this low success, using (1) a variable base population and high number of breeders (Ne > 100), (2) selection within groups with low non-genetic effects and (3) repeated growth challenges. Using calculations, we show that individual selection within groups, with appropriate management of maternal effects, can be superior to mass selection as soon as the maternal effect ratio exceeds 0.15, when heritability is 0.25. Practically, brown trout were selected on length at the age of one year with the PROSPER method. The genetic gain was evaluated against an unselected control line. After four generations, the mean response per generation in length at one year was 6.2% of the control mean, while the mean correlated response in weight was 21.5% of the control mean per generation. At the 4th generation, selected fish also appeared to be leaner than control fish when compared at the same size, and the response on weight was maximal (≈130% of the control mean) between 386 and 470 days post fertilisation. This high response is promising, however, the key points of the method have to be investigated in more detail

    Loss of hepatic DEPTOR alters the metabolic transition to fasting

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    Objective The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that functions into distinct protein complexes (mTORC1 and mTORC2) that regulates growth and metabolism. DEP-domain containing mTOR-interacting protein (DEPTOR) is part of these complexes and is known to reduce their activity. Whether DEPTOR loss affects metabolism and organismal growth in vivo has never been tested. Methods We have generated a conditional transgenic mouse allowing the tissue-specific deletion of DEPTOR. This model was crossed with CMV-cre mice or Albumin-cre mice to generate either whole-body or liver-specific DEPTOR knockout (KO) mice. Results Whole-body DEPTOR KO mice are viable, fertile, normal in size, and do not display any gross physical and metabolic abnormalities. To circumvent possible compensatory mechanisms linked to the early and systemic loss of DEPTOR, we have deleted DEPTOR specifically in the liver, a tissue in which DEPTOR protein is expressed and affected in response to mTOR activation. Liver-specific DEPTOR null mice showed a reduction in circulating glucose upon fasting versus control mice. This effect was not associated with change in hepatic gluconeogenesis potential but was linked to a sustained reduction in circulating glucose during insulin tolerance tests. In addition to the reduction in glycemia, liver-specific DEPTOR KO mice had reduced hepatic glycogen content when fasted. We showed that loss of DEPTOR cell-autonomously increased oxidative metabolism in hepatocytes, an effect associated with increased cytochrome c expression but independent of changes in mitochondrial content or in the expression of genes controlling oxidative metabolism. We found that liver-specific DEPTOR KO mice showed sustained mTORC1 activation upon fasting, and that acute treatment with rapamycin was sufficient to normalize glycemia in these mice. Conclusion We propose a model in which hepatic DEPTOR accelerates the inhibition of mTORC1 during the transition to fasting to adjust metabolism to the nutritional status. Keywords: DEPTOR; mTOR; Liver; Glucose; Fastin

    CRH – Études sociales et politiques des populations, de la protection sociale et de la santĂ© (ESOPP)

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    Patrice Bourdelais, Laura Lee Downs, GeneviĂšve Massard-Guilbaud, Paul-AndrĂ© Rosental, directeurs d’étudesYohann Aucante, Antoinette Fauve-Chamoux, Morgane LabbĂ©,maĂźtres de confĂ©rencesCaroline Douki, maĂźtre de confĂ©rences Ă  l’UniversitĂ© Paris VIIIHĂ©lĂšne Frouard, chercheuse post-doctorante Ă  l’UniversitĂ© Paris-IBernard Thomann, maĂźtre de confĂ©rences Ă  l’INaLCO L’auto-fabrication des sociĂ©tĂ©s : population, politiques sociales, santĂ© Ce sĂ©minaire collectif prĂ©sente les travaux et les problĂ©matiqu..

    Histoire sociale et politique des populations

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    Paul-AndrĂ© Rosental, directeur d’études Population, migrations et histoire politique Le sĂ©minaire s’est concentrĂ© sur l’histoire de la silicose en France au XXe siĂšcle, et sur les problĂšmes dĂ©mographiques, sanitaires et sociaux liĂ©s Ă  sa reconnaissance et Ă  sa rĂ©paration. L’histoire du traitement officiel de la silicose commence en France par une reconnaissance mĂ©dicale et lĂ©gale pĂ©niblement nĂ©gociĂ©e, de la fin des annĂ©es 1920 Ă  la LibĂ©ration. Sa nosologie et son Ă©tiologie complexes, son appa..

    Histoire sociale et politique des populations

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    Paul-AndrĂ© Rosental, directeur d’études Population, migrations et histoire politique Le sĂ©minaire s’est concentrĂ© sur l’histoire de la silicose en France au XXe siĂšcle, et sur les problĂšmes dĂ©mographiques, sanitaires et sociaux liĂ©s Ă  sa reconnaissance et Ă  sa rĂ©paration. L’histoire du traitement officiel de la silicose commence en France par une reconnaissance mĂ©dicale et lĂ©gale pĂ©niblement nĂ©gociĂ©e, de la fin des annĂ©es 1920 Ă  la LibĂ©ration. Sa nosologie et son Ă©tiologie complexes, son appa..

    The Hepatokine TSK does not affect brown fat thermogenic capacity, body weight gain, and glucose homeostasis

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    Objectives Hepatokines are proteins secreted by the liver that impact the functions of the liver and various tissues through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling. Recently, Tsukushi (TSK) was identified as a new hepatokine that is induced by obesity and cold exposure. It was proposed that TSK controls sympathetic innervation and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and that loss of TSK protects against diet-induced obesity and improves glucose homeostasis. Here we report the impact of deleting and/or overexpressing TSK on BAT thermogenic capacity, body weight regulation, and glucose homeostasis. Methods We measured the expression of thermogenic genes and markers of BAT innervation and activation in TSK-null and TSK-overexpressing mice. Body weight, body temperature, and parameters of glucose homeostasis were also assessed in the context of TSK loss and overexpression. Results The loss of TSK did not affect the thermogenic activation of BAT. We found that TSK-null mice were not protected against the development of obesity and did not show improvement in glucose tolerance. The overexpression of TSK also failed to modulate thermogenesis, body weight gain, and glucose homeostasis in mice
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