Avaliação do valor nutritivo de silagens de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) com diferentes níveis de subproduto da goiaba.

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o valor nutritivo de silagens de capim elefante contendo diferentes níveis de subproduto do processamento do suco da goiaba (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20%). Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 4 repetições. Após 40 dias, os silos (100 x 340mm) foram abertos e determinou-se os teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), hemicelulose (HC) e valores de pH das silagens. Os teores de MS elevaram com a adição do subproduto da goiaba. Para cada 1% de adição de subproduto observou acréscimo de 0,5 pontos percentuais nos teores de MS. O nível mínimo desejado de MS para se obter boas condições fermentativas foi obtido com adição de 15 de subproduto. Para os teores de PB observou-se que mesmo havendo aumento linear com a adição do subproduto da goiaba o nível mínimo de 7%, requerido para bom funcionamento ruminal não foi atingido. Para os teores de HC e valores de pH não foram observadas diferenças entre as várias silagens avaliadas, porém os valores de pH se mantiveram dentro da faixa tida como ideal (3,8- 4,2). Os teores de FDN e FDA foram alterados com a adição de subprodutos da goiaba, porém as alterações não foram de grande magnitude. Pelos dados obtidos conclui-se que adição de subprodutos da goiaba não prejudica o processo fermentativo das silagens. Evaluation of the nutritious value of silage of capim elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) with different levels of by-product of guava. Abstract: The present work was developed with the objective of evaluating the nutritive value of silage of elephant-grass containing different levels of by-product of the processing of the juice of the guava (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%). A completely random design with four repetitions was used. After 40 days, the silos (100 x 340mm) were open and it was determined the level of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemi-cellulose (HC) and values of pH of the silage. The level of DM increased with the addition of the by-product of the guava. For each 1% of by-product addition it was observed an increase of 0,5 percentile points in the grade of MS. The desired minimum level of DM to obtain good fermenting conditions was obtained with the addition of 15 of by-product. For the grade of CP it was observed that even having a lineal increase with the addition of the by-product of the guava, the minimum level of 7% required for a good rumination, was not reached. For the grade of HC and pH values were not observed differences among the several evaluated silage, however the pH values stayed within the ideal range (3,8-4,2). The grade of NDF and ADF changed with the addition of by-products of the guava, however these alterations were not of a great magnitude. According to the obtained data it is concluded that addition of byproducts of the guava doesn't harm the fermenting process of the silage

Consumo e digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca de subprodutos da agroindústria processadora de frutas.

O trabalho foi realizado com objetivo de avaliar o valor nutritivo de resíduos de frutas derivados da extração de sucos e polpas. Foram estudados os resíduos de abacaxi, acerola, goiaba, maracujá e melão, devidamente desidratados, até que atingissem teor de umidade entre 13 e 16%. Foram utilizados 20 ovinos SRD, machos e castrados, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos (resíduo das frutas), e quatro repetições. Foram avaliados o consumo de matéria seca (CMS) expresso em: g/animal/dia, %PV e g/UTM (PV0,75), e a digestibilidade da matéria seca(DMS), tendo sido feito a análise de variância e comparação de médias. Os maiores CMS (g/animal/dia, %PV e g/UTM) foram obtidos para os resíduos de goiaba, maracujá e melão. O resíduo de acerola apresentou CMS inferior (P>0,05) a todos os outros estudados. O resíduo de maracujá apresentou DMS superior (P<0,01) aos demais resíduos e os resíduos de acerola e goiaba apresentaram a menor DMS. Portanto, os resíduos de frutas estudados podem ser utilizados na alimentação animal por apresentarem CMS e DMS semelhantes a volumosos de boa qualidade. Voluntary intake and dry matter digestibility of fruit processer agroindustry byproducts. ABSTRACT: The study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of residues of the juices and pulps extraction. The residues of pineapple, acerola, guava, passion fruit and melon, were properly dehydrated, until that reached humidity between 13 and 16%. It was used 20 SRD sheeps, males and castrated in complete randomized design with five treatments (fruits residues) and four replications. It was estimaded the dry matter intake (DMI) expressed in: g/animal/day; percentage of body weigth (%BW) and g/BW0.75, and dry matter digestibility (DMD), having been made analysis of variance and average comparisons. The higher DMI (g/animal/day, %BW and g/BW0.75) was reachedto the guava, passion fruit and melon residues. Therefore acerola residue presented lesser DMI than others residues. Passion fruit residue presented higter DMD than all residues studied. The acerola and guava residues presented small DMD. The fruits residues studied can be used in animal feeding, because presented IMD and DMD similar to forages of good quality

Avaliação do valor nutritivo de silagens de capim elefante (Pennisetum purpureum) com diferentes níveis de subproduto da acerola (Malpighia glabra).

Resumo: O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o valor nutritivo de silagens de capim elefante contendo diferentes níveis de subproduto do processamento do suco da acerola (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20%). Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 4 repetições. Após 40 dias, os silos (100 x 340mm) foram abertos e determinaram-se os teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), hemicelulose (HC) e valores de pH das silagens. O nível ideal de matéria seca de 30 a 35% foi alcançado nos níveis de adição de 10, 15 e 20% de subproduto. Com a adição de 10, 15 e 20% de subproduto da acerola, as silagens atingiram valores superiores ao nível mínimo de PB (7%) necessário para um bom funcionamento ruminal. Concluiu-se que a adição do subproduto do processamento da acerola em silagens de capim-elefante melhora os níveis protéicos das mesmas, porém as elevações dos níveis de FDA podem comprometer o valor nutritivo das silagens. [Evaluation of the nutritive value of silage of elephant-grass (Pennisetum purpureum) with different levels of by-product of Malpighia glabra]. ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the nutritive value of silage of elephant-grass containing different levels of by-product of the processing of the juice of the Malpighia glabra (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%). A completely random design with four repetitions was used. After 40 days, the silos (100 x 340mm) were open and it was determined the level of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemi-cellulose (HC) and values of pH of the silage. The ideal level of dry matter from 30 to 35% was reached in the levels of addition of 10, 15 and 20% of by-product. With the addition of 10, 15 and 20% of by-product of the Malpighia glabra, the silage reached higher values than the minimum level of CP (7%) necessary for a good rumination. It was concluded that the addition of the by-product of the processing of the Malpighia glabra to the silage of elephant-grass improves their protein level, however the increasing of the levels of ADF can compromise the nutritive value of the silage

Comparison between mixed liquors of two side-stream membrane bioreactors treating wastewaters from waste management plants with high and low solids anaerobic digestion

In the last years, biological treatment plants for the previously separated organic fraction from municipal solid wastes (OFMSW) have gained importance. In these processes a liquid effluent (liquid fraction from the digestate and leachate from composting piles), which has to be treated previously to its discharge, is produced. In this paper, the characteristics of the mixed liquor from two full-scale membrane bioreactors treating the effluents of two OFMSW treatment plants have been evaluated in view to study their influence on membrane fouling in terms of filterability. For that, the mixed liquor samples have been ultrafiltrated in an OF laboratory plant. Besides, the effect of the influent characteristics to MBRs and the values of the chemical and physical parameters of the mixed liquors on the filterability have been studied. Results showed that the filterability of the mixed liquor was strongly influenced by the soluble microbial products in the mixed liquors and the influent characteristics to MBR. Permeate flux of MBR mixed liquor treating the most polluted wastewater was considerable the lowest (around 20 L/m(2) h for some samples), what was explained by viscosity and soluble microbial products concentration higher than those measured in other MBR mixed liquor. (c) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This work was supported by the URBASER Company. Authors thank personnel of the full-scale MBR plants for providing samples.Zuriaga Agusti, E.; Mendoza Roca, JA.; Bes Piá, MA.; Alonso Molina, JL.; Fernández-Giménez, E.; Alvarez-Requena, C.; Munagorri-Manueco, F.... (2016). Comparison between mixed liquors of two side-stream membrane bioreactors treating wastewaters from waste management plants with high and low solids anaerobic digestion. Water Research. 100:517-525. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.053S51752510

A comparison of the radiosensitisation ability of 22 different element metal oxide nanoparticles using clinical megavoltage X-rays

Background: A wide range of nanoparticles (NPs), composed of different elements and their compounds, are being developed by several groups as possible radiosensitisers, with some already in clinical trials. However, no systematic experimental survey of the clinical X-ray radiosensitising potential of different element nanoparticles has been made. Here, we directly compare the irradiation-induced (10 Gy of 6-MV X-ray photon) production of hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion radicals and singlet oxygen in aqueous solutions of the following metal oxide nanoparticles: Al2O3, SiO2, Sc2O3, TiO2, V2O5, Cr2O3, MnO2, Fe3O4, CoO, NiO, CuO, ZnO, ZrO2, MoO3, Nd2O3, Sm2O3, Eu2O3, Gd2O3, Tb4O7, Dy2O3, Er2O3 and HfO2. We also examine DNA damage due to these NPs in unirradiated and irradiated conditions. Results: Without any X-rays, several NPs produced more radicals than water alone. Thus, V2O5 NPs produced around 5-times more hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals. MnO2 NPs produced around 10-times more superoxide anions and Tb4O7 produced around 3-times more singlet oxygen. Lanthanides produce fewer hydroxyl radicals than water. Following irradiation, V2O5 NPs produced nearly 10-times more hydroxyl radicals than water. Changes in radical concentrations were determined by subtracting unirradiated values from irradiated values. These were then compared with irradiation-induced changes in water only. Irradiation-specific increases in hydroxyl radical were seen with most NPs, but these were only significantly above the values of water for V2O5, while the Lanthanides showed irradiation-specific decreases in hydroxyl radical, compared to water. Only TiO2 showed a trend of irradiation-specific increase in superoxides, while V2O5, MnO2, CoO, CuO, MoO3 and Tb4O7 all demonstrated significant irradiation-specific decreases in superoxide, compared to water. No irradiation-specific increases in singlet oxygen were seen, but V2O5, NiO, CuO, MoO3 and the lanthanides demonstrated irradiation-specific decreases in singlet oxygen, compared to water. MoO3 and CuO produced DNA damage in the absence of radiation, while the highest irradiation-specific DNA damage was observed with CuO. In contrast, MnO2, Fe3O4 and CoO were slightly protective against irradiation-induced DNA damage. Conclusions: Beyond identifying promising metal oxide NP radiosensitisers and radioprotectors, our broad comparisons reveal unexpected differences that suggest the surface chemistry of NP radiosensitisers is an important criterion for their success

Reduced costs with bisoprolol treatment for heart failure - An economic analysis of the second Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS-II)

Background Beta-blockers, used as an adjunctive to diuretics, digoxin and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, improve survival in chronic heart failure. We report a prospectively planned economic analysis of the cost of adjunctive beta-blocker therapy in the second Cardiac Insufficiency BIsoprolol Study (CIBIS II). Methods Resource utilization data (drug therapy, number of hospital admissions, length of hospital stay, ward type) were collected prospectively in all patients in CIBIS . These data were used to determine the additional direct costs incurred, and savings made, with bisoprolol therapy. As well as the cost of the drug, additional costs related to bisoprolol therapy were added to cover the supervision of treatment initiation and titration (four outpatient clinic/office visits). Per them (hospital bed day) costings were carried out for France, Germany and the U.K. Diagnosis related group costings were performed for France and the U.K. Our analyses took the perspective of a third party payer in France and Germany and the National Health Service in the U.K. Results Overall, fewer patients were hospitalized in the bisoprolol group, there were fewer hospital admissions perpatient hospitalized, fewer hospital admissions overall, fewer days spent in hospital and fewer days spent in the most expensive type of ward. As a consequence the cost of care in the bisoprolol group was 5-10% less in all three countries, in the per them analysis, even taking into account the cost of bisoprolol and the extra initiation/up-titration visits. The cost per patient treated in the placebo and bisoprolol groups was FF35 009 vs FF31 762 in France, DM11 563 vs DM10 784 in Germany and pound 4987 vs pound 4722 in the U.K. The diagnosis related group analysis gave similar results. Interpretation Not only did bisoprolol increase survival and reduce hospital admissions in CIBIS II, it also cut the cost of care in so doing. This `win-win' situation of positive health benefits associated with cost savings is Favourable from the point of view of both the patient and health care systems. These findings add further support for the use of beta-blockers in chronic heart failure