1,972 research outputs found
Second harmonic generation from metallic arrays of rectangular holes
The generation process of second harmonic (SH) radiation from holes
periodically arranged on a metal surface is investigated. Three main modulating
factors affecting the optical response are identified: the near-field
distribution at the wavelength of the fundamental harmonic, how SH light
couples to the diffraction orders of the lattice, and its propagation
properties inside the holes. It is shown that light generated at the second
harmonic can excite electromagnetic modes otherwise inaccessible in the linear
regime under normal incidence illumination. It is demonstrated that the
emission of SH radiation is only allowed along off-normal paths precisely due
to that symmetry. Two different regimes are studied in the context of
extraordinary optical transmission, where enhanced linear transmission either
occurs through localized electromagnetic modes or is aided by surface plasmon
polaritons (SPPs). While localized resonances in metallic hole arrays have been
previously investigated, the role played by SPPs in SH generation has not been
addressed so far. In general, good agreement is found between our calculations
(based on the finite difference time domain method) and the experimental
results on localized resonances, even though no free fitting parameters were
used in describing the materials. It is found that SH emission is strongly
modulated by enhanced fields at the fundamental wavelength (either localized or
surface plasmon modes) on the glass metal interface. This is so in the
transmission side but also in reflection, where emission can only be explained
by an efficient tunneling of SH photons through the holes from the output to
the input side. Finally, the existence of a dark SPP at the fundamental field
is identified through a noninvasive method for the first time, by analyzing the
efficiency and far-field pattern distribution in transmission at the second
harmonic.Comment: This paper was published in JOSA B and is made available as an
electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the
following URL on the OSA website:
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/josab/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-32-1-15.
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Mechanisms for photon sorting based on slit-groove arrays
Mechanisms for one-dimensional photon sorting are theoretically studied in
the framework of a couple mode method. The considered system is a nanopatterned
structure composed of two different pixels drilled on the surface of a thin
gold layer. Each pixel consists of a slit-groove array designed to squeeze a
large fraction of the incident light into the central slit. The Double-Pixel is
optimized to resolve two different frequencies in the near infrared. This
system shows a high transmission efficiency and a small crosstalk. Its response
is found to strongly depend on the effective area shared by overlapping pixels.
Three different regimes for the process of photon sorting are identified and
the main physical trends underneath in such regimes are unveiled. Optimal
efficiencies for the photon sorting are obtained for a moderate number of
grooves that overlap with grooves of the neighbor pixel. Results could be
applied to optical and infrared detectors.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Transmittance of a subwavelength aperture flanked by a finite groove array \\ placed near the focus of a conventional lens
One-dimensional light harvesting structures illuminated by a conventional
lens are studied in this paper. Our theoretical study shows that high
transmission efficiencies are obtained when the structure is placed near the
focal plane of the lens. The considered structure is a finite slit-groove array
(SGA) with a given number of grooves that are symmetrically distributed with
respect to a central slit. The SGA is nano-patterned on an opaque metallic
film. It is found that a total transmittance of 80% is achieved even for a
single slit when (i) Fabry-Perot like modes are excited inside the slit and
(ii) the effective cross section of the aperture becomes of the order of the
full width at half maximum of the incident beam. A further enhancement of 8% is
produced by the groove array. The optimal geometry for the groove array
consists of a moderate number of grooves () at either side of the
slit, separated by a distance of half the incident wavelength .
Grooves should be deeper (with depth ) than those typically
reported for plane wave illumination in order to increase their individual
scattering cross section.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
Full two-photon downconversion of just a single photon
We demonstrate, both numerically and analytically, that it is possible to
generate two photons from one and only one photon. We characterize the output
two photon field and make our calculations close to reality by including
losses. Our proposal relies on real or artificial three-level atoms with a
cyclic transition strongly coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide. We show that
close to perfect downconversion with efficiency over 99% is reachable using
state-of-the-art Waveguide QED architectures such as photonic crystals or
superconducting circuits. In particular, we sketch an implementation in circuit
QED, where the three level atom is a transmon
Terahertz surface plasmon polariton propagation and focusing on periodically corrugated metal wires
In this letter we show how the dispersion relation of surface plasmon
polaritons (SPPs) propagating along a perfectly conducting wire can be tailored
by corrugating its surface with a periodic array of radial grooves. In this
way, highly localized SPPs can be sustained in the terahertz region of the
electromagnetic spectrum. Importantly, the propagation characteristics of these
spoof SPPs can be controlled by the surface geometry, opening the way to
important applications such as energy concentration on cylindrical wires and
superfocusing using conical structures.Comment: accepted at PRL, submitted 29th May 200
Scattering of surface plasmons by one-dimensional periodic nanoindented surfaces
In this work, the scattering of surface plasmons by a finite periodic array
of one-dimensional grooves is theoretically analyzed by means of a modal
expansion technique. We have found that the geometrical parameters of the array
can be properly tuned to achieve optimal performance of the structure either as
a Bragg reflector or as a converter of surface plasmons into light. In this
last case, the emitted light is collimated within a few degrees cone.
Importantly, we also show that a small number of indentations in the array are
sufficient to fully achieve its functional capabilities.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures; changed sign convention in some definition
On the transmission of light through a single rectangular hole
In this Letter we show that a single rectangular hole exhibits transmission
resonances that appear near the cutoff wavelength of the hole waveguide. For
light polarized with the electric field pointing along the short axis, it is
shown that the normalized-to-area transmittance at resonance is proportional to
the ratio between the long and short sides, and to the dielectric constant
inside the hole. Importantly, this resonant transmission process is accompanied
by a huge enhancement of the electric field at both entrance and exit
interfaces of the hole. These findings open the possibility of using
rectangular holes for spectroscopic purposes or for exploring non-linear
effects.Comment: Submitted to PRL on Feb. 9th, 200
Optical bistability in subwavelength apertures containing nonlinear media
We develop a self-consistent method to study the optical response of metallic
gratings with nonlinear media embedded within their subwavelength slits. An
optical Kerr nonlinearity is considered. Due to the large E-fields associated
with the excitation of the transmission resonances appearing in this type of
structures, moderate incoming fluxes result in drastic changes in the
transmission spectra. Importantly, optical bistability is obtained for certain
ranges of both flux and wavelength.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Trasplante renal
The kidney transplant is the therapy of choice for
the majority of the causes of chronic terminal kidney
insufficiency, because it improves the quality of life and
survival in comparison with dialysis. A kidney transplant
from a live donor is an excellent alternative for
the young patient in a state of pre-dialysis because it
offers the best results.
Immunosuppressive treatment must be individualised,
seeking immunosuppressive synergy and the
best safety profile, and must be adapted to the different
stages of the kidney transplant.
In the follow-up to the kidney transplant, cardiovascular
risk factors and tumours must be especially
taken into account, given that the death of the patient
with a working graft is the second cause of loss of the
graft following the first year of the transplant.
The altered function of the graft is a factor of independent
cardiovascular mortality that will require follow-
up and the control of all its complications to postpone
the entrance in dialysis
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