Braquiterapia para el tratamiento del cáncer ginecológico y de otras localizaciones (Excluidas las prostáticas)

El objetivo de este informe es evaluar la efectividad de braquiterapia como tratamiento oncológico, según la evidencia científica disponible.Características Generales de la Braquiterapia, Fuentes y tipos de implantes utilizados en la braquiterapia, Objetivos del informe Metodología, Resultados, Aplicación de la braquiterapia en función de la localización del tumoral, Cáncer ginecológico, Cáncer cervicouterino Cáncer de mama, Recidivas vaginales de cáncer endometrial, Carcinoma de vulva, Cáncer digestivo, Carcinoma de esófago, Cáncer colorrectal Cáncer anal, Colangiocarcinoma, Cáncer hepático, Cáncer de páncreas Cáncer respiratorio, Cáncer de pulmón, Cáncer de la cavidad oral y faringe, Cáncer de labio, lengua y boca, Cáncer de orofaringe, Cáncer genitourinario, Carcinoma de vegija urinaria, Cáncer de pene, Tumores del sistema nervioso central, Cáncer en cerebro, Miscelánea, Sarcoma de tejidos blandos, Cáncer de cabeza y cuello, Cáncer de piel, Repercusiones estructurales de la braquiterapia, Impacto económico Impacto organizativo, Consideraciones éticas y sociales, Consideraciones legales, Discusión, Metodología empleada: revisión sistemática, Localización del proceso tumoral, Cáncer ginecológico Cáncer digestivo, Cáncer respiratorio, Cáncer de la cavidad oral (labio, lengua) y faringe, Cáncer genitourinario, Tumores del sistema nervioso central, Tumores oculares, Miscelánea, Conclusiones, Referencias bibliográficas

Social support in the short- And middle-term prediction of welfare volunteers' permanence

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo explorar la significación de diferentes tipos y fuentes de apoyo social para predecir la permanencia a corto (6 meses) y medio plazo (12 meses) del voluntariado que colabora con entidades de carácter socioasistencial. Para ello, se ha suministrado un cuestionario entre voluntarios (N= 1.362) pertenecientes a 109 organizaciones sociales españolas, mediante el que, además de los datos relativos al apoyo social, se ha recogido información sobre diferentes variables tradicionalmente asociadas con la predicción de la continuidad de la actividad voluntaria. Si bien se han encontrado diferencias significativas en el grado de apoyo social experimentado entre los voluntarios que permanecen y los que abandonan, los análisis de regresión logística realizados indican que a corto plazo (6 meses) las variables relacionadas con el apoyo social no parecen relevantes para realizar este tipo de predicción, pues en el modelo multivariante obtenido los factores estudiados que se asocian con la permanencia son el tiempo previo en la organización, la intención de continuar en la misma, el sexo y las actitudes religiosas. A medio plazo (12 meses), en cambio, el apoyo social y, en concreto, el de carácter informativo y proveniente de otros voluntarios, sí resulta significativo, pues entra a formar parte del modelo junto a los otros factores mencionados salvo el sexo.This work explores the significance of different types and sources of social support in the short- and middle-term prediction of volunteer permanence. Volunteers (N= 1362) belonging to 109 different Spanish organizations were surveyed to gather social support data and other information related to factors traditionally associated with sustained volunteerism prediction. In spite of the fact that a relationship between social support and permanence was found, logistic regression analysis showed that social support variables did not appear to be relevant to make this kind of prediction at short term, because the only factors This work explores the significance of different types and sources of social support in the short- and middle-term prediction of volunteer permanence. Volunteers (N= 1362) belonging to 109 different Spanish organizations were surveyed to gather social support data and other information related to factors traditionally associated with sustained volunteerism prediction. In spite of the fact that a relationship between social support and permanence was found, logistic regression analysis showed that social support variables did not appear to be relevant to make this kind of prediction at short term, because the only factorsDepto. de Psicología Social, del Trabajo y DiferencialFac. de PsicologíaTRUEpu

Carmen Martín Gaite. Las mil caras de una mujer polifacética

Audiovisuales: Entrevista a Ana María Martín Gaite. Disponible en https://arcamm.uc3m.es/arcamm/?item=0880e50eb4f5eb5ad7a79becb379930d .Contiene: Homenaje a Carmen Martín Gaite. Exposición Las mil caras creativas de una mujer polifacética (pp.4-5) .-- Un mundo particular / Elisa Povedano Marrugat y Fátima García López (pp. 6-9) .-- Entrevista a Manuel Palacio. Trabajar el pensamiento para comprender el mundo (pp. 10-11) .-- Caperucita entre visillos / Ofelia Grande de Andrés (pp. 12-13)

MCT8 deficiency: The road to therapies for a rare disease

Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome is a rare disease caused by inactivating mutations in the SLC16A2 gene, which encodes the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), a transmembrane transporter specific for thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). Lack of MCT8 function produces serious neurological disturbances, most likely due to impaired transport of thyroid hormones across brain barriers during development resulting in severe brain hypothyroidism. Patients also suffer from thyrotoxicity in other organs due to the presence of a high concentration of T3 in the serum. An effective therapeutic strategy should restore thyroid hormone serum levels (both T3 and T4) and should address MCT8 transporter deficiency in brain barriers and neural cells, to enable the access of thyroid hormones to target neural cells. Unfortunately, targeted therapeutic options are currently scarce and their effect is limited to an improvement in the thyrotoxic state, with no sign of any neurological improvement. The use of thyroid hormone analogs such as TRIAC, DITPA, or sobetirome, that do not require MCT8 to cross cell membranes and whose controlled thyromimetic activity could potentially restore the normal function of the affected organs, are being explored to improve the cerebral availability of these analogs. Other strategies aiming to restore the transport of THs through MCT8 at the brain barriers and the cellular membranes include gene replacement therapy and the use of pharmacological chaperones. The design of an appropriate therapeutic strategy in combination with an early diagnosis (at prenatal stages), will be key aspects to improve the devastating alterations present in these patients.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, grant number SAF2017-86342-R (MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE) to AG-F, the Sherman Foundation (Grant Number OTR02211) to AG-F and SB-L, and the BBSRC (Grant Number BB/R016879/1) to SB-L. CG-M is a recipient of a contract from the Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid. The cost of this publication has been paid in part by FEDER funds

Evaluation of Phenolic Compounds and Pigments Content in Yellow Bell Pepper Wastes

This research was supported by the Aula de Empresa "Vellsam-UGR para la Innovacion en Nutricion y Salud". Vito Verardo thanks the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) for "Ramon y Cajal" contract (RYC-2015-18795).Bell peppers are one of the most important species consumed and cultivated in Spain. Peppers are a source of carotenoids and phenolic compounds widely associated with biological activities such as antimicrobial, antiseptic, anticancer, counterirritant, cardioprotective, appetite stimulator, antioxidant, and immunomodulator. However, undersized and damaged fruits are usually wasted. Thus, in order to evaluate the phenolic content, a Box–Behnken design has been carried out to optimize the extraction from Capsicum annuum yellow pepper by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The independent factors were time (min), ethanol/water (% v/v) and solvent/sample ratio (v/w). The model was validated by ANOVA and confirmed. Furthermore, the whole pepper and the pepper without peduncles and seeds were extracted using optimal conditions and characterized by HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS. Moreover, their antioxidant activities, measured by three different methods (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP), carotenoid composition, assessed by HPLC-MS, and chlorophyll content, assessed by a spectrophotometric method, were compared. A total of 38 polar compounds were found of which seven have been identified in pepper fruit extracts for the first time. According to the results, whole pepper (WP) samples presented higher content in phenolic acids; meanwhile, the edible portion (EP) was higher in flavonoids. No differences were found in the antioxidant activity except for the FRAP assay where the WP sample showed higher radical scavenging activity. EP samples showed the highest content of carotenoids and WP ones in chlorophylls.Aula de Empresa "Vellsam-UGR para la Innovacion en Nutricion y Salud"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) for "Ramon y Cajal" RYC-2015-1879

Radioterapia intraoperatoria

La radioterapia intraoperatoria (RIO) es una técnica que permite la administración única, en el lecho quirúrgico, de una alta dosis de radiación ionizante, con la finalidad de mejorar el control local del tumor. Esta técnica permite realizar una demarcación visual y palpable del tumor, así como excluir físicamente del campo irradiado las estructuras «dosis-sensibles», sea por desplazamiento o por protección de las mismas. El objetivo de este informe ha sido evaluar la efectividad diferencial de la RIO en función de la evidencia científica disponible, atendiendo no sólo a los resultados sobre el control local del tumor, sino, especialmente, al impacto de la supervivencia del paciente.Introducción, Características generales de la radioterapia intraoperatoria, Aspectos organizativos de la técnica, Objetivo del informe, Metodología, Resultados por localizaciones, Cáncer pancreático, Cáncer de pulmón, Cáncer gástrico, Cáncer de recto: recidiva pélvica, Cáncer colorrectal primario localmente avanzado, Glioma maligno, Cáncer ginecológico, Cáncer de vejiga, Sarcomas óseos, Sarcoma de partes blandas retroperitoneal, Autotrasplante de médula ósea, Cáncer de cabeza y cuello, Cáncer del conducto biliar, Cáncer de tiroides, Discusión, Metodología empleada: revisión sistemática, Artículos seleccionados, Localización del proceso tumoral, Conclusiones, Referencias bibliográficas, Apéndice, Anexo: Resúmenes de los artículos seleccionados

Sex Differences in COVID-19 Hospitalization and Hospital Mortality among Patients with COPD in Spain: A Retrospective Cohort Study

We aimed to assess the effect of COPD in the incidence of hospital admissions for COVID-19 and on the in-hospital mortality (IHM) according to sex. (2) Methods: We used national hospital discharge data to select persons aged ≥40 years admitted to a hospital with a diagnosis of COVID-19 in 2020 in Spain. (3) Results: The study population included 218,301 patients. Age-adjusted incidence rates of COVID-19 hospitalizations for men with and without COPD were 10.66 and 9.27 per 1000 persons, respectively (IRR 1.14; 95% CI 1.08–1.20; p < 0.001). The IHM was higher in men than in women regardless of the history of COPD. The COPD was associated with higher IHM among women (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.01–1.22) but not among men. The COPD men had a 25% higher risk of dying in the hospital with COVID-19 than women with COPD (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.1–1.42). (4) Conclusions: Sex differences seem to exist in the effect of COPD among patients suffering COVID-19. The history of COPD increased the risk of hospitalization among men but not among women, and COPD was only identified as a risk factor for IHM among women. In any case, we observed that COPD men had a higher mortality than COPD women. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these sex differences could help predict the patient outcomes and inform clinical decision making to facilitate early treatment and disposition decisions.Fac. de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y PodologíaTRUEComunidad de MadridUniversidad Complutense de Madridpu

Cost-effectiveness analysis of using innovative therapies for the management of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis in Spain

Background: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of tofacitinib in comparison to vedolizumab for the treatment of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC) after failure or intolerance to conventional therapy (bio-naive) or first-line biologic treatment (bio-experienced), from the Spanish National Health System (NHS) perspective. Methods: A lifetime Markov model with eight-week cycles was developed including five health states: remission, response, active UC, remission after surgery, and death. Response and remission probabilities (for induction and maintenance periods) were obtained from a multinomial network meta-analysis. Drug acquisition – biosimilar prices included – (ex-factory price with mandatory deductions), adminis- tration, surgery, patient management, and adverse event management costs (€, year 2019) were considered. A 3% discount rate (cost/outcomes) was applied. Probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses (PSA) were conducted. Results: Tofacitinib was dominant versus vedolizumab (both in bio-naive and bio-experienced patients) entailing total cost savings of €23,816 (bio-naïve) and €11,438 (bio-experienced). Differences in quality- adjusted life-year (QALY) were smaller than 0.1 for both populations. PSA results showed that tofacitinib has a high probability of being cost-effective (bio-naïve: 82.5%; bio-experienced: 90.6%) versus vedolizumab. Conclusions: From the Spanish NHS perspective, tofacitinib could be a dominant treatment (less costly and more effective) in comparison to vedolizumab, with relevant cost savings and similar QALY gains