Skrining Golongan Senyawaaktif Dan Analisis Toksisitas Ektraks Biji Kabau (Archidendron Bubalinum)

Kabau (Archidendron bubalinum) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang sering digunakan sebagai bahan makananan,namun juga memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan dalam bidang kesehatan. Bagian kabau yang sering dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan makanan adalah biji. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kandungan golongan senyawa aktif (fitokimia) dan tingkat toksisitas biji kabau. Skrining golongan senyawa aktif biji kabau dilakukan menggunakan metode Harbone dan analisis toksisitas biji kabau dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Bagian biji kabau yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah daging dan kulit ari dari biji kabau. Biji kabau dimaserasi menggunakan pelarut 70% dan 99.9% etanol pro analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit ari biji kabau mengandung flavonoid, tanin dan saponin sedangkan ekstrak kulit ari etanol 99.9% mengandung steroid. Ekstrak kulit ari biji kabau etanol 70% memiliki tingkat toksisitas terkecil dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 896.08 ppm. Kata kunci: biji kabau, fitokimia, toksisitas Kabau (Archidendron bubalinum) is one the plants that can be utilized in the food but also has the potential to be developed in the health sector. The study aims to determine active coumpounds (phytochemical) screening by Harbone method and toxicity test by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Kabau seed parts used in the study were seed flesh and seed shells. Kabau seeds extract was made using maceration method with 70% and 99.9% of ethanol pro analysis as solvent. The results showed that the phytochemical analysis of seed shells of kabau extracts positively contained flavonoid, tannin, triterpenoid and, while seed shells of 99.9% ethanol kabau extracts contains steroid. Extracts of seed shells 70% ethanol of kabau had the lawest toxicity activity with LC50 value of 896.08 ppm. Keywords: phytochemical, kabau seeds, toxicit

Antioxidant potential and identification of active compounds on Kabau seed ( Archidendron bubalinum) flesh and husk extract

Kabau ( Archidendron bubalinum) is one of the plants that is often used as food ingredients and has the potential to be developed in the health sector. This study aims to determine the antioxidant potential of kabau seeds using 2,2-diphenyl-i-picril hidrazil (DPPH) and ferric reducing ability power (FRAP) methods and to identify active compounds of kabau seeds using GC-MS. Kabau seeds were macerated using 70% ethanol and 99.9% ethanol. The results showed that 99.9% ethanol extract of kabau seed coat had the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 26.75 ppm for the DPPH method and 121.55 ppm for the FRAP method, respectively. Identification of active compounds using GC-MSshowed that 99.9%ethanol extract of kabau seed coat contained the most 9,12-octadecadienoic acid compounds (linoleic acid) so that it could be developed as an antioxidant

Pengetahuan Masyarakat tentang Hipertensi

Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang menjadi masalah global. Prevalensi 26% (972 juta orang) dan di tahun 2025 meningkat jadi 29%

Assessment of Prescribing Competence for Medical Students

Prescription writing is one of the competencies every doctors should master. Nevertheless, this is not only just writing the drugs, the dosage and dispensing. But, prescription writing is part of a decision-making process on what and how patients should be treated from many possibilities and options of non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapies available. Therefore, it is important for clinical-phase students to learn and more importantly to practice this skill. We integrated pharmacy and pharmacotherapy and clinical exposure in 5 departments i.e. pediatric, HNO, Skin and venereal disease, ophthalmology, and internal medicine which focus on pharmacotherapy. Method: We develop an integrative pharmacotherapy learning approach based on the Guide-to-Good Prescribing (GGP-WHO) which was firstly developed by de Vries, TGPP et al. In this method there are 6 steps for treatment: 1. Knowing the problems of the patient, 2. Setting the therapeutic objective, 3. Choose p-treatment, 4. Give information, 5. Start the therapy, and 6. Monitor-evaluate the therapy. We developed Objective Structured Pharmacotherapy Examination (OSPE) as an evaluation instrument. Students will be given cases and they should write a prescription and they should explain why they choose the drugs for that particular case. Result: Students are more confident on using their critical thinking and to practice their decision making process for prescription writing. Conclusion: Integrative pharmacotherapy and OSPE could be useful tool for learning and evaluation for teaching prescription writing in medical school. Keyword: prescription, pharmacotherapy, critical-thinking, assessmen

Knowledge of hypertension and its therapy in laypeople

Hypertension is one of the non-communicable diseases that is becoming a global health problem. Hypertension can be identified by systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg and diastolic 90 mmHg. Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to complications such as stroke, ischemic heart disease, heart attack, heart failure, kidney failure, blindness, etc. According to Basic Health Research 2018 (Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018/Riskesdas 2018) the prevalence of hypertension for >18 years old was 8.4%, and through measurements taken in health care facilities by 34.1%. Prevalence in the city was 34.4%, in the village was 33.7%, while according to gender 31.3% for male and 36.9% for female. The study aimed to find out the knowledge and awareness of laypeople on hypertension and its therapy. This was a cross-sectional online study with 11 questions. Respondents were recruited from social media groups. The results showed 500 respondents (62.8 % female and 37.2 % male) involved in this study. The most common age range was 21-40 years (36.2 %), followed by 41-55 years (38.2%), and the least was 56-65 years old (18.4%). Seventy-two percent of respondents did not have hypertension, and 9% said they did not know. Fifty-three percent of respondents knew about the value of high blood pressure, and 89% of the respondents said hypertension should be treated regularly. The most hypertension complications answered by respondents were stroke (40%), heart attack (26%), and heart failure (16%). Amlodipine was the most mentioned by the respondents, and the second was ACE-inhibitor. However, omeprazole and omega-3 were also mentioned as anti-hypertension. Genetics and a high salt diet were risk factors that many respondents chose. In conclusion, the respondents have a good understanding of hypertension. Information related to behaviour is needed to discontinue the increasing prevalence. Keywords: hypertension; antihypertensive; adherence; knowledge; awareness/ Hipertensi adalah salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang semakin menjadi masalah global. Hipertensi ditandai dengan tekanan darah systolik 140 mmHg dan diastolik 90 mmHg. Hipertensi yang tidak terkontrol memberi dampak komplikasi ke semua organ dengan berbagai penyakit dan kondisi yang menyebabkan seperti stroke, penyakit jantung iskemik, serangan jantung, gagal jantung, gagal ginjal, kebutaan, dan lain-lain. Menurut Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018 prevalensi hipertensi untuk usia >18 tahun adalah 8,4%. Menurut pengukuran yang dilakukan di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan sebesar 34,1%. Prevalensi di kota adalah 34,4%, di desa itu 33,7%, sedangkan menurut jenis kelamin laki-laki 31,3% dan perempuan 36,9%. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengetahuan dan kesadaran orang awam tentang hipertensi. Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan secara daring dengan mengajukan 11 pertanyaan terhadap responden dari group media sosial. Sebanyak 500 responden (62.8% perempuan, 37.2% pria), dengan kisaran umur terbanyak 41-55 tahun (36.2%), 21-40 tahun (38.2%), dan 56-65 tahun (18,4%) terlibat dalam penelitian. Sebanyak 69% responden tidak menderita hipertensi, sedangkan 21% menderita hipertensi dan 10% menyatakan tidak tahu. Sebanyak 53% responden (213 orang) tahu kriteria tekanan darah tinggi dan 89% responden tahu hipertensi harus diobati teratur. Komplikasi terbanyak menurut responden adalah stroke (40%), serangan jantung (26%) dan gagal jantung (16%). Amlodipin terbanyak disebut oleh responden sebagai antihipertensi, kedua adalah ACE-inhibitor. Masih ada yang menyebutkan omeprazole dan omega-3 sebagai antihipertensi. Faktor genetik dan diet tinggi garam merupakan etiologi dan faktor risiko yang banyak dipilih responden. Dapat disimpulkan responden memiliki pemahaman tentang hipertensi yang cukup baik. Perlu informasi terkait perilaku agar prevalensi hipertensi tidak terus meningkat