The effectiveness of acellular nerve allografts compared to autografts in animal models:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Treatment of nerve injuries proves to be a worldwide clinical challenge. Acellular nerve allografts are suggested to be a promising alternative for bridging a nerve gap to the current gold standard, an autologous nerve graft. Objective To systematically review the efficacy of the acellular nerve allograft, its difference from the gold standard (the nerve autograft) and to discuss its possible indications. Material and methods PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched until the 4th of January 2022. Original peer reviewed paper that presented 1) distinctive data; 2) a clear comparison between not immunologically processed acellular allografts and autologous nerve transfers; 3) was performed in laboratory animals of all species and sex. Meta analyses and subgroup analyses (for graft length and species) were conducted for muscle weight, sciatic function index, ankle angle, nerve conduction velocity, axon count diameter, tetanic contraction and amplitude using a Random effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted on graft length and species. Results Fifty articles were included in this review and all were included in the meta-analyses. An acellular allograft resulted in a significantly lower muscle weight, sciatic function index, ankle angle, nerve conduction velocity, axon count and smaller diameter, tetanic contraction compared to an autologous nerve graft. No difference was found in amplitude between acellular allografts and autologous nerve transfers. Post hoc subgroup analyses of graft length showed a significant reduced muscle weight in long grafts versus small and medium length grafts. All included studies showed a large variance in methodological design. Conclusion Our review shows that the included studies, investigating the use of acellular allografts, showed a large variance in methodological design and are as a consequence difficult to compare. Nevertheless, our results indicate that treating a nerve gap with an allograft results in an inferior nerve recovery compared to an autograft in seven out of eight outcomes assessed in experimental animals. In addition, based on our preliminary post hoc subgroup analyses we suggest that when an allograft is being used an allograft in short and medium (0-1cm, &gt; 1-2cm) nerve gaps is preferred over an allograft in long (&gt; 2cm) nerve gaps.</p

The effectiveness of acellular nerve allografts compared to autografts in animal models:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Treatment of nerve injuries proves to be a worldwide clinical challenge. Acellular nerve allografts are suggested to be a promising alternative for bridging a nerve gap to the current gold standard, an autologous nerve graft. Objective To systematically review the efficacy of the acellular nerve allograft, its difference from the gold standard (the nerve autograft) and to discuss its possible indications. Material and methods PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched until the 4th of January 2022. Original peer reviewed paper that presented 1) distinctive data; 2) a clear comparison between not immunologically processed acellular allografts and autologous nerve transfers; 3) was performed in laboratory animals of all species and sex. Meta analyses and subgroup analyses (for graft length and species) were conducted for muscle weight, sciatic function index, ankle angle, nerve conduction velocity, axon count diameter, tetanic contraction and amplitude using a Random effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted on graft length and species. Results Fifty articles were included in this review and all were included in the meta-analyses. An acellular allograft resulted in a significantly lower muscle weight, sciatic function index, ankle angle, nerve conduction velocity, axon count and smaller diameter, tetanic contraction compared to an autologous nerve graft. No difference was found in amplitude between acellular allografts and autologous nerve transfers. Post hoc subgroup analyses of graft length showed a significant reduced muscle weight in long grafts versus small and medium length grafts. All included studies showed a large variance in methodological design. Conclusion Our review shows that the included studies, investigating the use of acellular allografts, showed a large variance in methodological design and are as a consequence difficult to compare. Nevertheless, our results indicate that treating a nerve gap with an allograft results in an inferior nerve recovery compared to an autograft in seven out of eight outcomes assessed in experimental animals. In addition, based on our preliminary post hoc subgroup analyses we suggest that when an allograft is being used an allograft in short and medium (0-1cm, &gt; 1-2cm) nerve gaps is preferred over an allograft in long (&gt; 2cm) nerve gaps.</p

Effects of Repeated Doses of the Vero Cell Vaccine (SARS-Cov-2 Inactivated Vaccine) on Renal Functions in Balb/C Albino Mice

&Scedil;ükran Köse,1 Canberk Y&inodot;lmaz,2 Kaz&inodot;m K&inodot;ratl&inodot;,3 Ça&gbreve;lar Çelebi,4 P&inodot;nar Akan,5 Meltem Kumas Kulualp,6 Soner Duman,7 Osman Y&inodot;lmaz8 1Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; 2Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences University, Izmir, Turkey; 3Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Mogadishu Somalia Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdo&gbreve;an Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia; 4Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey; 5Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; 6Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; 7Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey; 8Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, TurkeyCorrespondence: Kaz&inodot;m K&inodot;ratl&inodot;, Mogadishu Somalia Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdo&gbreve;an Training and Research Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Mogadishu, Somalia, Tel +252 611 522 947 ; +90 537 252 84 86, Email [email protected]: Many of the vaccines developed for COVID-19 have been approved for clinical emergency use before their safety and preclinical studies have been completed. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine (Vero cells) on renal function in Balb/C Albino mice.Methods: 21 healthy, 6– 8 week old BALB/c male mice were divided into three equal groups, and 0.10 mL of intramuscular saline equal to the vaccine dose volume was administered to the first group. To the second group, a single dose of 0.10 mL 120 U of Vero cell inactive SARS COV-2 vaccine was administered intramuscularly. Group 3 received two consecutive doses of 0.10 mL 120 U intramuscular Vero cell inactive SARS COV-2 vaccine, 14 days apart. After administration, the clinical status, fecal and urine status, nutritional status and kidney histopathology of the mice were evaluated.Results: It was determined that no acute toxic symptoms were observed in the mice administered the vaccine, they were in good condition, and there was no significant stimulatory reaction related to the vaccine in the tissues of the injected local area. There was no difference in feed consumption, water consumption, and body weight gains between the control group, the groups that received a single dose of vaccine, and the groups that received two doses of vaccine (p> 0.05). No difference was found between the groups when urine and feces amounts were compared (p> 0.05). No difference was found between the groups when urinary urea, creatinine, and serum BUN, creatinine levels were compared (p> 0.05). No difference was found in the histopathological evaluation of the kidneys between the groups (p> 0.05).Conclusion: In conclusion, single or repeated injections of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Vero cells) into mice were found to have no adverse effects on the animals’ overall clinical health, performance abilities and kidneys.Keywords: COVID-19, vaccine, SARS CoV-2, adverse effect, kidne

Self-Assessed Competency at Working with a Medical Interpreter Is Not Associated with Knowledge of Good Practice

BACKGROUND: Specific knowledge and skills are needed to work effectively with an interpreter, but most doctors have received limited training. Self-assessed competency may not accurately identify training needs. PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to explore the association between self-assessed competency at working with an interpreter and the ability to identify elements of good practice, using a written vignette. METHODS: A mailed questionnaire was sent to 619 doctors and medical students in Geneva, Switzerland. RESULTS: 58.6% of respondents considered themselves to be highly competent at working with a professional interpreter, but 22% failed to mention even one element of good practice in response to the vignette, and only 39% could name more than one. There was no association between self-rated competency and number of elements mentioned. CONCLUSIONS: Training efforts should challenge the assumption that working with an interpreter is intuitive. Evaluation of clinicians' ability to work with an interpreter should not be limited to self-ratings. In the context of large-scale surveys, written vignettes may provide a simple method for identifying knowledge of good practice and topics requiring further training

Perspectives on care and communication involving incurably ill Turkish and Moroccan patients, relatives and professionals: a systematic literature review

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Our aim was to obtain a clearer picture of the relevant care experiences and care perceptions of incurably ill Turkish and Moroccan patients, their relatives and professional care providers, as well as of communication and decision-making patterns at the end of life. The ultimate objective is to improve palliative care for Turkish and Moroccan immigrants in the Netherlands, by taking account of socio-cultural factors in the guidelines for palliative care.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A systematic literature review was undertaken. The data sources were seventeen national and international literature databases, four Dutch journals dedicated to palliative care and 37 websites of relevant national and international organizations. All the references found were checked to see whether they met the structured inclusion criteria. Inclusion was limited to publications dealing with primary empirical research on the relationship between socio-cultural factors and the health or care situation of Turkish or Moroccan patients with an oncological or incurable disease. The selection was made by first reading the titles and abstracts and subsequently the full texts. The process of deciding which studies to include was carried out by two reviewers independently. A generic appraisal instrument was applied to assess the methodological quality.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Fifty-seven studies were found that reported findings for the countries of origin (mainly Turkey) and the immigrant host countries (mainly the Netherlands). The central themes were experiences and perceptions of family care, professional care, end-of-life care and communication. Family care is considered a duty, even when such care becomes a severe burden for the main female family caregiver in particular. Professional hospital care is preferred by many of the patients and relatives because they are looking for a cure and security. End-of-life care is strongly influenced by the continuing hope for recovery. Relatives are often quite influential in end-of-life decisions, such as the decision to withdraw or withhold treatments. The diagnosis, prognosis and end-of-life decisions are seldom discussed with the patient, and communication about pain and mental problems is often limited. Language barriers and the dominance of the family may exacerbate communication problems.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This review confirms the view that family members of patients with a Turkish or Moroccan background have a central role in care, communication and decision making at the end of life. This, in combination with their continuing hope for the patient’s recovery may inhibit open communication between patients, relatives and professionals as partners in palliative care. This implies that organizations and professionals involved in palliative care should take patients’ socio-cultural characteristics into account and incorporate cultural sensitivity into care standards and care practices<it>.</it></p

Neuroprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning via modulating the expression of adropin and oxidative markers against transient cerebral ischemia in diabetic rats

Introduction: Ischemic preconditioning (IPreC) can render the brain more tolerant to a subsequent potential lethal ischemic injury. Hyperglycemia has been shown to increase the size of ischemic stroke and worsen the clinical outcome following a stroke, thus exacerbating oxidative stress. Adropin has a significant association with cardiovascular disease, especially with diabetes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of the IPreC due to modulating the expression of adropin and oxidative damage markers against stroke by induced transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats

Histochemical examinations on integument of four anurans: Bufo bufo, Bufotes variabilis (Bufonidae), Pelophylax bedriagae (Ranidae), Hyla savignyi (Hylidae) from Turkey

###EgeUn###Here, we aimed to enlighten the intra-specific differences of dermis in terms of thickness of Eberth-Katschenko (E-K) layer in Bufo bufo, Bufotes variabilis, Pelophylax bedriagae and Hyla savignyi. Main function of E-K layer is known to be a barrier for water loss. Therefore, we studied Bufo bufo and Bufotes variabilis for terrestrial, Hyla savignyi for semi-aquatic and Pelophylax bedriagae for aquatic species based upon variable biotopes for a better understanding of the role of E-K layer. The thickest E-K layer was detected in Bufo bufo, thinner in Pelophylax bedriagae and Hyla savignyi. In Bufotes variabilis, E-K layer was not constant. However large calcium depositions were observed in stratum spongiosum of Bufotes variabilis. ©Biharean Biologist, Oradea, Romania, 2019112T913, 2013BIL013Acknowledgements. This study is financially supported by TUBITAK [Project number: 112T913] and EBILTEM [2013BIL013]. -