Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and hypothyroidism — merely concurrence or causal association?

The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) ranges from 4 to 7% in men and from 2 to 5% in women. Its deleterious consequences such as traffic accidents, cardiovascular complications increasing morbidity and mortality, make it a major health problem. Apart from obesity (a major risk factor for OSAHS), hypothyroid patients are prone to reveal this phenotype. Although hypothyroidism seems an acknowledged risk factor for OSAHS, some authors report the lack of clinically relevant association. The argument partly depends on the increased prevalence of hypothyroidism in OSAHS patients, but the epidemiological data is limited and somehow inconsistent; even less is known about sub-clinical hypothyroidism in OSAHS patients. Even if frequency of overt and sub-clinical hypothyroidism in OSAHS patients is comparable to the general population, screening for it seems beneficial, as hormone replacement therapy may improve sleep disordered breathing. Unfortunately, this favorable outcome was found only in a few studies with limited number of patients with hypothyroidism. Yet, despite the lack of international guidelines and no large multicentre studies on the topic available, we think that TSH screening might prove beneficial in vast majority of OSAHS patients.The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) ranges from 4 to 7% in men and from 2 to 5% in women. Its deleterious consequences such as traffic accidents, cardiovascular complications increasing morbidity and mortality, make it a major health problem. Apart from obesity (a major risk factor for OSAHS), hypothyroid patients are prone to reveal this phenotype. Although hypothyroidism seems an acknowledged risk factor for OSAHS, some authors report the lack of clinically relevant association. The argument partly depends on the increased prevalence of hypothyroidism in OSAHS patients, but the epidemiological data is limited and somehow inconsistent; even less is known about sub-clinical hypothyroidism in OSAHS patients. Even if frequency of overt and sub-clinical hypothyroidism in OSAHS patients is comparable to the general population, screening for it seems beneficial, as hormone replacement therapy may improve sleep disordered breathing. Unfortunately, this favorable outcome was found only in a few studies with limited number of patients with hypothyroidism. Yet, despite the lack of international guidelines and no large multicentre studies on the topic available, we think that TSH screening might prove beneficial in vast majority of OSAHS patients

Zespół obturacyjnego bezdechu sennego i niedoczynność tarczycy — przypadkowa zbieżność czy związek przyczynowo-skutkowy?

  Częstość występowania zespołu obturacyjnego bezdechu sennego (OBS) waha się od 4 do 7% u mężczyzn i od 2 do 5% u kobiet. Jest on przyczyną wielu poważnych następstw, takich jak: wypadki drogowe, powikłania sercowo-naczyniowe, a rosnąca zachorowalność i śmiertelność, sprawiają, że staje się jednym z głównych problemów zdrowotnych. Oprócz otyłości (głównego czynnika ryzyka dla OBS) ujawnieniu tego fenotypu sprzyja niedoczynność tarczycy. Mimo że wydaje się ona uznanym czynnikiem ryzyka OBS, niektórzy autorzy sugerują brak klinicznie istotnego związku. Zaobserwowano jednak zwiększoną częstość występowania niedoczynności tarczycy u pacjentów z OBS, ale dane epidemiologiczne są ograniczone. Zdecydowanie mniej wiadomo o subklinicznej niedoczynności tarczycy u pacjentów z OBS. Jeśli jawna i subkliniczna niedoczynność tarczycy w tej grupie pacjentów jest co najmniej tak samo częsta, jak w populacji ogólnej, zasadne wydaje się badanie pacjentów w kierunku niedoczynności tarczycy, ponieważ skuteczne leczenie może zmniejszyć zaburzenia oddychania podczas snu. Niestety, ten korzystny efekt stwierdzono tylko w kilku badaniach na niewielkiej liczbie pacjentów z niedoczynnością tarczycy. Mimo braku międzynarodowych wytycznych oraz dużych, wieloośrodkowych badań, autorzy niniejszej pracy uważają jednak, że przesiewowe badania TSH mogą się okazać korzystne dla sporej grupy pacjentów z OBS.

Wokół zagadnień trwałej ochrony zasobów cyfrowych

Słowo wstępne: "Cyfrowe kolekcje wartościowych dokumentów powstają w wyniku procesów elektronicznego publikowania oraz digitalizacji materiałów analogowych. Są one świadectwem dorobku polskiej działalności naukowej i kulturowej. Digitalizacja upowszechnia się w instytucjach pamięci jako forma zabezpieczenia zagrożonych zniszczeniem oryginalnych materiałów. Oficyny wydawnicze coraz częściej publikują treści naukowe w cyfrowej postaci, rezygnując z wersji drukowanych. Instytuty naukowe i badawcze oraz uczelnie wyższe tworzą instytucjonalne repozytoria, pozwalające na szybkie i samodzielne udostępnianie publiczności wyników prowadzonych prac badawczych. Powstające w ten sposób cyfrowe zasoby współtworzą światowe dziedzictwo. Podlegają one trwałej ochronie z myślą o potrzebach obecnych i przyszłych użytkowników."(...

Countergradient variation concealed adaptive responses to temperature increase in Daphnia from heated lakes

To test the general assumption that global warming will induce body size reduction in aquatic organisms, we used a system of lakes continually heated for six decades by warm water discharge from power plants. Their temperature elevation of 3–4°C corresponds with climate change forecasts for the end of the 21st century. We compared body size and reproduction of Daphnia longispina complex communities inhabiting heated and non‐heated (control) lakes nearby. No difference in body size was found, but Daphnia communities from heated lakes had a wider thermal breadth for reproduction. The two lake groups varied in the taxonomic composition of Daphnia communities. Thus, to disentangle inter‐ and intraspecific sources of variation, and to examine evolution vs. phenotypic plasticity of investigated traits, we performed two life history experiments: (1) a between‐species experiment compared D. galeata inhabiting heated lakes with D. longispina typical of nearby control lakes, under three temperature regimes; (2) a within‐species experiment compared D. galeata from heated lakes with conspecifics from high latitude (cold control) and low latitude (warm control) lakes, under two temperature regimes. The experiments revealed countergradient variation: environmental constraints on body size in situ concealed evolution of larger potential body size in Daphnia from heated lakes. In turn, evolution of increased body size plasticity resulted in an efficient resource allocation trade‐off: more effective reproduction at high temperature, at the cost of size reduction. We suggest that large size is adaptive during active overwintering, while plastic size reduction is a coping strategy for high temperatures.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001655Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004569Narodowe Centrum Nauki http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/50110000428

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Hypothyroidism—Merely Concurrence or Causal Association?

The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) ranges from 4 to 7% in men and from 2 to 5% in women. Its deleterious consequences such as traffic accidents, cardiovascular complications increasing morbidity and mortality, make it a major health problem. Apart from obesity (a major risk factor for OSAHS), hypothyroid patients are prone to reveal this phenotype. Although hypothyroidism seems an acknowledged risk factor for OSAHS, some authors report the lack of clinically relevant association. The argument partly depends on the increased prevalence of hypothyroidism in OSAHS patients, but the epidemiological data is limited and somehow inconsistent; even less is known about sub-clinical hypothyroidism in OSAHS patients. Even if frequency of overt and sub-clinical hypothyroidism in OSAHS patients is comparable to the general population, screening for it seems beneficial, as hormone replacement therapy may improve sleep disordered breathing. Unfortunately, this favorable outcome was found only in a few studies with limited number of patients with hypothyroidism. Yet, despite the lack of international guidelines and no large multicentre studies on the topic available, we think that TSH screening might prove beneficial in vast majority of OSAHS patients

Zespół obturacyjnego bezdechu sennego i niedoczynność tarczycy—Przypadkowa zbieżność czy związek przyczynowo-skutkowy?

Częstość występowania zespołu obturacyjnego bezdechu sennego (OBS) waha się od 4 do 7% u mężczyzn i od 2 do 5% u kobiet. Jest on przyczyną wielu poważnych następstw, takich jak: wypadki drogowe, powikłania sercowo-naczyniowe, a rosnąca zachorowalność i śmiertelność, sprawiają, że staje się jednym z głównych problemów zdrowotnych. Oprócz otyłości (głównego czynnika ryzyka dla OBS) ujawnieniu tego fenotypu sprzyja niedoczynność tarczycy. Mimo że wydaje się ona uznanym czynnikiem ryzyka OBS, niektórzy autorzy sugerują brak klinicznie istotnego związku. Zaobserwowano jednak zwiększoną częstość występowania niedoczynności tarczycy u pacjentów z OBS, ale dane epidemiologiczne są ograniczone. Zdecydowanie mniej wiadomo o subklinicznej niedoczynności tarczycy u pacjentów z OBS. Jeśli jawna i subkliniczna niedoczynność tarczycy w tej grupie pacjentów jest co najmniej tak samo częsta, jak w populacji ogólnej, zasadne wydaje się badanie pacjentów w kierunku niedoczynności tarczycy, ponieważ skuteczne leczenie może zmniejszyć zaburzenia oddychania podczas snu. Niestety, ten korzystny efekt stwierdzono tylko w kilku badaniach na niewielkiej liczbie pacjentów z niedoczynnością tarczycy. Mimo braku międzynarodowych wytycznych oraz dużych, wieloośrodkowych badań, autorzy niniejszej pracy uważają jednak, że przesiewowe badania TSH mogą się okazać korzystne dla sporej grupy pacjentów z OBS

Event Visualization and Trajectory Tracking of the Load Carried by Rotary Crane

Tracking the trajectory of the load carried by the rotary crane is an important problem that allows reducing the possibility of its damage by hitting an obstacle in its working area. On the basis of the trajectory, it is also possible to determine an appropriate control system that would allow for the safe transport of the load. This work concerns research on the load motion carried by a rotary crane. For this purpose, the laboratory crane model was designed in Solidworks software, and numerical simulations were made using the Motion module. The developed laboratory model is a scaled equivalent of the real Liebherr LTM 1020 object. The crane control included two movements: changing the inclination angle of the crane’s boom and rotation of the jib with the platform. On the basis of the developed model, a test stand was built, which allowed for the verification of numerical results. Event visualization and trajectory tracking were made using a dynamic vision sensor (DVS) and the Tracker program. Based on the obtained experimental results, the developed numerical model was verified. The proposed trajectory tracking method can be used to develop a control system to prevent collisions during the crane’s duty cycle

Electrodegradation of Acid Mixture Dye through the Employment Electrooxidation and Lemnoideae in Na2SO4 Synthetic Wastewater

In this study, we report on the effectiveness of electrochemical and biological wastewater treatment for artificially prepared industrial wastewater, comprising small amounts of technologically important dyes, namely Acid Mixture composed of Acid Violet 90 (AV90) and Acid Red 357 (AR357) in Na2SO4 (ESS—electrolyte supporting solution), as well as their impact on the environment, using Lemna minor as a bioindicator. Our study revealed that among the tested dyes, the raw ones (AM in ESS+OM) and those subjected to electrooxidation with the use of an iron anode and a copper cathode [AMFe/Cuox in ESS+OM (OECD medium is a medium recommended by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development for Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test)] were the most phytotoxic for L. minor. No phytotoxicity was detected for the tested plants in solution after electrooxidation with graphite anode and cathode (AMCox in ESS+OM). Quantitative identification of acid mixture removal was carried out by supplementary UPLC/MS-MS (Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/tandem Mass Spectrometry) and UV-VIS (UltraViolet-Visible spectroscopy) instrumental analysis. The final removal after electrochemical and biological treatment of AV90 and AR357 dye components was 98 and over 99%, respectively. The results suggest that it may be a suitable replacement/addition for the generally used wastewater treatment methods

Electrodegradation of Acid Mixture Dye through the Employment Electrooxidation and <i>Lemnoideae</i> in Na₂SO₄ Synthetic Wastewater

In this study, we report on the effectiveness of electrochemical and biological wastewater treatment for artificially prepared industrial wastewater, comprising small amounts of technologically important dyes, namely Acid Mixture composed of Acid Violet 90 (AV90) and Acid Red 357 (AR357) in Na2SO4 (ESS—electrolyte supporting solution), as well as their impact on the environment, using Lemna minor as a bioindicator. Our study revealed that among the tested dyes, the raw ones (AM in ESS+OM) and those subjected to electrooxidation with the use of an iron anode and a copper cathode [AMFe/Cuox in ESS+OM (OECD medium is a medium recommended by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development for Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test)] were the most phytotoxic for L. minor. No phytotoxicity was detected for the tested plants in solution after electrooxidation with graphite anode and cathode (AMCox in ESS+OM). Quantitative identification of acid mixture removal was carried out by supplementary UPLC/MS-MS (Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/tandem Mass Spectrometry) and UV-VIS (UltraViolet-Visible spectroscopy) instrumental analysis. The final removal after electrochemical and biological treatment of AV90 and AR357 dye components was 98 and over 99%, respectively. The results suggest that it may be a suitable replacement/addition for the generally used wastewater treatment methods