Analysis of genetic variability among maize genotypes to drought tolerance

Suša je glavni abioticki faktor, koji znacajno utice na smanjenje i kvalitet konacnog prinosa zrna kod kukuruza. S obzirom na predvidanja globalnih klimatskih promena za 21. vek, u pravcu povecanja temperature vazduha, vece evapotranspiracije i ucestalije pojave suše, poboljšana sposobnost kukuruza da izdrži nepovoljne uslove spoljašnje sredine je esencijalna i zahteva multidisciplinarni pristup u proucavanju osobina koje doprinose njegovoj povecanoj tolerantnosti prema stresu suše. Za potrebe savremene selekcije kukuruza za razlicite osobine (npr. tolerantnost prema suši), materijal koji se cuva u banci gena Instituta za kukuruz “Zemun Polje”, po svom obimu (5806 genotipova) i ogromnoj genetickoj varijabilnosti, pruža velike mogucnosti. Testiranje celokupnog genofonda na tolerantnost prema suši je izvršeno u uslovima kontrolisane suše u Egiptu, kao i u uslovima umerenog vodnog deficita u Zemun Polju i Skoplju, grupisanjem genotipova po dužini vegetacije (po grupama zrenja), kako bi svi bili izloženi stresu suše u približno istoj fazi vegetacionog perioda. Identifikacija i odabir genotipova su vršeni pracenjem sekundarnih osobina relevantnih za stres suše (ASI-a - anthesis silking interval, jalovosti biljke, ozrnjenosti klipa, nalivenosti zrna i osobine stay green-a), na sva tri lokaliteta, i merenjem prinosa zrna / biljci u uslovima umerenog vodnog deficita. Pored dobrih per se performansi u poljskim uslovima, za odabir genotipova najtolerantnijih prema stresu suše, kao buducih komponenti hibrida, bila je neophodna informacija o pripadnosti genotipova odgovarajucim heteroticnim grupama na osnovu ukrštanja sa korišcenim inbred testerima, poreklom iz tri heteroticne grupe - BSSS, Lancaster i nezavisne, kao i informacija o opštoj kombinacionoj sposobnosti ukrštanja genotipova sa odabranim inbred testerima. Od izuzetnog znacaja je bilo izdvajanje 6 genotipova kukuruza, koji su se dobro kombinovali sa sva tri korišcena heteroticna izvora, cineci potencijalno nov, sasvim razlicit izvor poželjne germplazme. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, formirana je core kolekcija za tolerantnost prema suši, koju cine 13 domacih populacija, 13 introdukovanih populacija i 15 introdukovanih inbred linija kukuruza...Drought is a major abiotic factor, which significantly decreases final grain yield and its quality in maize. Predictions of global climate changes for 21st century, towards higher air temperatures, greater evapotranspiration and more frequent occurrence of drought, emphasize the importance for improved maize ability to withstand adverse environmental conditions, and the necessity of employing the multidisciplinary approach for studying the characteristics that contribute to its increased drought tolerance. The material maintained within The MRI “Zemun Polje” gene bank, considering its size (5806 genotypes) and huge genetic variability of the accessions, offers the great opportunity for modern maize breeding for different purposes (e.g. drought tolerance). Field testing for drought tolerance was performed on the entire MRI gene bank collection, subjected to controlled drought in Egypt, as well as to conditions of moderate water deficit in Zemun Polje and Skopje. In order to expose them to drought stress at aproximately the same vegetative stage, grouping the accessions into different maturity groups (acording to the duration of their vegetative period), was necessary. Identification and selection of the most drought tolerant genotypes was performed by visual scoring of drought related secondary traits (ASI - anthesis silking interval, barrenness, seed set, grain filling and stay-green) at each location, and by measuring yield / plant under moderate water deficit conditions. Besides good performances per se in field, the information on combining ability of selected material, in order to classify it into heterotic groups, was necessary to form the core. Therefore, the most drought tolerant genotypes were crossed to three inbred testers from heterotic groups that mutually combined well (BSSS, Lancaster and independent source). It is very important that 6 genotypes had a good combining ability with all three observed heterotic sources, making them a new, completely different source of favourable germplasm. Obtained results revealed the formation of core collection for drought tolerance, comprising 13 local populations, 13 introduced populations and 15 introduced maize inbred lines..

Utilization of Maize Genetic Resources for Agro-Biodiversity Enhancement

Maize Research Institute „Zemun Polje“ gene bank preserves ex-situ an active collection (5806 accessions). Local landraces are the most significant, since they were created by natural selection and adapted to local growth conditions. In the last 15 years, in MRIZP gene bank was conducted identification of superior genotypes for specific traits and drought tolerant and improved grain quality core collections were established. Moreover, exchange of inbred lines from MRIZP gene bank and Agricultural Institute Osijek working collections, genotyping and phenotyping of inbreds, and statistical analysis of molecular and agronomic data, is conducted through ongoing Project “Harmonization of methods for phenotyping, genotyping and management of genetic resources in maize”. Although the accessions conserved in gene banks are valuable sources for breeding varietes more nutritious, productive and resilient to pests, diseases and climatic changes, there is a limited information of their agronomic characteristics. To overcome this, the European Evaluation Network (EVA) was established in 2019 by the European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Resources (ECPGR). All activities within the EVA networks are intended at the pre-breeding stage, to increase the knowledge about publicly available crop germplasm, with aim to introducing these into breeding programmes. Through crop-specific public–private partnerships, maize EVA is generating standardized evaluation data (both the phenotypic and the genotypic) for numerous accessions and landraces available in European gene banks. During the project, a total of 95 MRIZP accessions will be genotyped and evaluated in multilocation experiments for futher use by breeding companies

Odgovor korenovog sistema klijanaca kukuruza na osmotski stres

Field testing for drought tolerance was performed on 6,000 accessions from the Maize Research Institute gene bank, under severe drought conditions in Egypt, as well as, under moderate climate conditions in Zemun Polje and Skopje. Five inbred lines, considered as drought tolerant, were chosen for further investigations under controlled experimental conditions. Osmotic stress caused by drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses. In this study osmotic stress was applied with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 10 000. The response to the PEG treatment of these genotypes was analysed in respect to their root morphology, root length, root fresh and dry weight, proline content and peroxidase activity. Results showed that the root development was less in all genotypes under the PEG treatment. The proline content increased, while the peroxidase activity declined in PEG-treated plants.Suša je jedan od najznačajnijih abiotičkih faktora, koji značajno utiče na smanjenje konačnog prinosa zrna kod kukuruza. Predviđanja globalnih klimatskih promena za XXI vek idu u pravcu povećanja temperature vazduha, veće evapotranspiracije i učestalije pojave suše. Za selekciju kukuruza danas, kao i u doglednoj budućnosti, izvori poželjnih svojstava koji se nalaze u bankama gena biće od velikog značaja. Materijal koji se čuva u banci gena Instituta za kukuruz, po obimu i sadržaju, pruža velike mogućnosti. Na osnovu ispitivanja tolerantnosti na sušu kod 6.000 uzoraka iz banke gena Instituta za kukuruz u poljskim uslovima umerenog (Zemun Polje i Skoplje) i aridnog klimata (Egipat), odabrano je pet inbred linija, okarakterisanih kao tolerantne, za dalja ispitivanja u kontrolisanim laboratorijskim uslovima. Linije pripadaju različitim FAO grupama zrenja (A5 - FAO 400 i A1, A2, A3 i A4 - FAO 500). Osmotski stres izazvan sušom je jedan od najznačajnijih abiotičkih faktora. U ovom radu je ispitivan efekat polietilen glikola (PEG) 10.000, kao osmotikuma, na rast korena klijanaca. Merena je dužina, sveža i suva masa korena, određivan je sadržaj prolina u korenu i merena je aktivnost antioksidativnih enzima. Rezultati ispitivanja pokazuju smanjenje porasta korenovog sistema, povećanje sadržaja prolina, kao i smanjenje specifične aktivnosti peroksidaza kod svih tretmana u odnosu na kontrolnu varijantu, kao odgovor na primenjeni osmotski stres. Naredna istraživanja vezana za odgovor biljke na osmotski stres bi uključila i nadzemni deo klijanaca, kao i molekularnu karakterizaciju genotipova tolerantnih prema suši. Odabrani genotipovi poslužiće za formiranje core kolekcije koja će u sebi sadržati ovo svojstvo i biti osnova u programima oplemenjivanja kukuruza

Ispitivanje delovanja Nikosulfurona na neke samooplodne linije kukuruza

The Nicosulfurone is post-emergence herbicide applied in maize crop. Studies were carried out under field conditions, pointed out to a different respond of inbreds to its effects. The tree inbreds were used. Plants were grown in a phytotrone up to the tree-leaf stage. The herbicide foliar application in the amount of 0.8 and 1.25 L ha-1 was done prior to the third leaf emergence. Seven days following the treatment plants were collected to the analysis. The following was measured: length and fresh and dry weight of the shoots and roots, chlorophyll content and cell wall peroxidase activity. Equal herbicide amounts differently affected examined inbreds, since the growth was either stimulated or inhibited. Both concentrations of Nicosulfurone reduced the total chlorophyll content in all three inbreds. Only in L2, as sensitive inbred, the growth of third leaf was inhibited and the peroxidase activity was the highest. In L1, as resistant inbred, the growth wasn't inhibited, with unchanged peroxidase activity; while in L3, as tolerant inbred, the leaf velocity was unchanged, with root growth stimulation and elevated peroxidase level (in treatment with higher herbicide concentration), regarding to inhibition of root growth, with lower peroxidase level (in treatment with lower herbicide concentration).Nikosulfuron je herbicid koji se koristi posle nicanja kukuruza. Ispitivanja u poljskim uslovima su pokazala različitu reakciju linija na njegovo dejstvo. Biljke 3 linije kukuruza su gajene u fitotronu do faze trećeg lista. Pre njegove pojave tretirane su folijarno sa 0.8 i 1.25 L ha-1 Nikosulfurona. Sedam dana nakon tretmana merene su dužina i masa svežeg i suvog izdanka i korena, sadržaj hlorofila i aktivnost peroksidaze ćelijskog zida. Iste količine herbicida različito su delovale na ispitivane linije, te je došlo, kako do stimulacije, tako i do inhibicije rasta. Nikosulfuron je izazvao smanjenje sadržaja ukupnog hlorofila, kod sve tri linije, pri obe koncentracije. Samo je kod L2 (osetljive linije) došlo do inhibicije rasta trećeg lista, gde je i aktivnost peroksidaze bila najveća. Kod L1 (otporne linije) nije bila prisutna inhibicija rasta, uz nepromenjenu aktivnost peroksidaze; kod L3 (tolerantne linije) nije došlo do promene brzine rastenja listova, dok je bila zabeležena stimulacija rasta korena, uz veći nivo peroksidaze (pri većoj koncentraciji herbicida) i inhibicija rasta korena, uz niži nivo peroksidaze (pri nižoj koncentraciji herbicida)

Uticaj temperature i dužine čuvanja polena kukuruza na procenat oplodnje

In plant breeding programs, it is often necessary to cross genotypes incompatible in time of flowering. In maize, when the incompatibility in flowering period could not be overcome by different sowing dates, or by the ability of silk to preserve its fertility in 10-15 days, conservation of pollen could be of great importance. For many plant species, the appropriate methods for pollen management have been set up, including methods of collecting, desiccation, testing of viability and longevity, as well as for pollen storage. The longevity of pollen during its storage depends upon plant species, conditions at the time of pollen collecting, pollen moisture content, as well as upon storage temperature and duration. Even within the same plant species, different genotypes exhibit different level of viability preservation during the conservation. Although maize pollen belongs to a tricellular pollen group and rapidly loses viability under field conditions, its preservation is possible. According to the literature, pollen viability could be preserved for 30 days in the conditions of refrigerator (+4°C), while in liquid nitrogen (-196°C) up to 120 days. In the majority of studies, pollen viability was evaluated in the laboratory conditions, and the results obtained could largely be differed from those obtained under field conditions, due to impossibility to control a number of environmental factors. This experiment was conducted under field conditions in order to evaluate the ability of pollen from commercial maize inbred line L217, stored under the conditions of +4°C and -20°C, to pollinate maize inbred L73B013 and produce grain. Inbred L73B013 is sown in five sowing dates in order to ensure the longer presence of fresh silk. Pollen samples from line L217 were taken twice, and along with silica gel, stored in refrigerator and freezer. Each of successive pollination included five silks. Except for the expected good ear seed set when silks were pollinated with fresh pollen, the next successive pollination resulted in extremely poor ear seed set. Pollen stored in the freezer for one day completely lost vitality, while the pollination with pollen stored for three days resulted in one kernel per ear (for two ears). Pollination with pollen stored for four days resulted in one kernel per ear for only one ear. Pollen stored at + 4°C gave slightly better, but still very poor results. Compared to control, the percentage of seed set for pollen stored only for one day was 4.4%, being decreased to 0.2% and 0.4% for pollen stored for four and five days, respectively. Plants pollinated with pollen stored for 20 days did not give any grain. Such poor results may be a consequence of species specific properties of inbred L217, but also a consequence of failure in the manipulation of pollen. A highly sensitive point during the storage of pollen, especially in species with pollen sensitive to dehydration, such as the maize pollen, is the process of drying before its storing. Therefore, we concluded that the procedure of pollen desiccation probably was not adequate. With the aim of correcting the deficiencies observed, the experiment will be repeated in 2017.U programima oplemenjivanja kukuruza, u slučaju kada se nekompatibilnost u vremenu cvetanja oca i majke ne može prevazići setvom roditelja u različitim rokovima ili sposobnošću svile da očuva plodnost 10-15 dana, čuvanje polena bi moglo da ima značaja. Cilj izloženih istraživanja je bio da se u poljskim uslovima ispita sposobnost polena linije kukuruza L217 da nakon čuvanja u uslovima +4 i -20°C, opraši drugu liniju kukuruza i da zrno. Majka je sejana u pet rokova setve, a polen oca je uziman dva puta, prosejavan i skladišten u frižider i zamrzivač zajedno sa silika gelom. Sukcesivno je oprašivano po pet klipova kukuruza. Izuzev očekivano dobro ozrnjenih klipova oprašenih svežim polenom, procenat oplođenih zrna, nakon samo jednog dana čuvanja u frižideru, je iznosio 4,4%, da bi četvrtog i petog dana čuvanja opao na 0,2% i 0,4%, respektivno. Biljke oprašene polenom čuvanim 20 dana nisu dale nijedno zrno. Polen čuvan u zamrzivaču je izgubio životnu sposobnost nakon samo jednog dana čuvanja. Ovako loši rezultati mogu biti posledica specifičnosti linije oca (poznato je da polen nekih linija kukuruza zadržava vijabilnost veoma kratko), ali i posledica propusta u manipulaciji polenom. Sa ciljem da se isprave primećeni propusti planirano je ponavljanje eksperimenta

Genetički resursi u oplemenjivanju kukuruza

Maize, wheat and rice are the most important cereals grown in the world. It is predicted that by 2025 maize is likely to become the crop with the greatest production globally. Conservation of maize germplasm provides the main resources for increased food and feed production. Conservation in gene banks (ex-situ) is dominant strategy for maize conservation. More than 130 000 maize accessions, e.g. about 40% of total number, are stored in ten largest gene banks worldwide and Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje (MRIZP) gene bank, with about 6000 accessions, is among them. Organized collecting missions started in 1961. in the former Yugoslavian territory, and up today, more than 2000 local maize landraces were stored. Pre-breeding activities that refer to identification of desirable traits from unadapted germplasm within genebank, result in materials expected to be included in breeding programs. Successful examples are LAMP, GEM and GENRES projects. At the end of XX century, at MRIZP genebank two pre-breeding activities were undertaken: eco-core and elite-core collections were created and landraces fulfilled particular criteria were chosen. In the last decade, MRIZP genebank collection was used for identification of sources for drought tolerance and improved grain quality. According to agronomic traits and general combining ability, two mini-core collections were created and included in commercial breeding programs.Pšenica, pirinač i kukuruz su tri najznačajnije žitarice u svetu, ali se procenjuje da će se do 2025. godine kukuruz najviše proizvoditi. Konzervacija germplazme kukuruza predstavlja glavni izvor poželjnih gena koji mogu poslužiti za povećanje obima i kvaliteta proizvodnje kukuruza, a time i hrane za ljude i životinje. Dominantna strategija za konzervaciju kukuruza je ex-situ (čuvanje uzoraka semena u bankama gena). Više od 130 000 uzoraka kukuruza, tj. oko 40% od ukupnog broja, nalazi se u deset najvećih banaka gena u svetu, a banka gena Instituta za kukuruz Zemun Polje (MRIZP), sa oko 6000 uzoraka je jedna od njih. Organizovano kolekcionisanje započeto je u bivšoj Jugoslaviji 1961. godine, i do danas je sakupljeno i čuva se više od 2000 uzoraka lokalnih populacija kukuruza. Predoplemenjivačke aktivnosti, koje se odnose na identifikaciju poželjnih svojstava u neadaptiranoj germplazmi u banci gena, rezultiraju u materijalu za koji se očekuje da bude uključen u oplemenjivačke programe. Uspešni primeri su LAMP, GEM i GENRES projekti. Krajem XX veka, u MRIZP banci gena, preduzete su predoplemenjivačke aktivnosti, formirane su eco-core i elite-core kolekcije, i odabrane su populacije koje su ispunile potrebne kriterijume. U prethodnoj deceniji, kolekcija banke gena korišćena je za identifikaciju izvora tolerantnosti na sušu i poboljšan kvalitet zrna. Na osnovu agronomskih osobina i opšte kombinacione sposobnosti, formirane su dve mini-core kolekcije koje su već uključene u programe oplemenjivanja

Uticaj sadržaja vlage na osobine kokanja kod kukuruza kokičara

The influence of grain moisture content at harvest and at the moment of popping on popping volume and percentage of unpopped kernels was analysed. Four popcorn hybrids were studied. Hybrids were harvested when grain moisture content was: above 25%, between 20 - 25%, and below 18%. Each sample was popped at 20%, 18%, 16%, 14%, 12%, and 10% of grain moisture. All examined factors and their interactions significantly influenced both popping volume and percentage of unpopped kernels. The highest popping volume and the lowest percentage of unpopped kernels were observed at 14% grain moisture content. Hybrid ZP 608k had the highest popping volume and the lowest percentage of unpopped kernels at all treatments and overall. The lowest popping volume and the highest percentage of unpopped kernels were noticed for ZP 501k. The lowest percentage of unpopped kernels was observed in the last harvest term when grain moisture content was below 18%.Zapremina kokičavosti je pored potencijala rodnosti najvažnija osobina hibrida kokičara. Više faktora utiče na nju: genotip, uslovi proizvodnje, dorade i čuvanja zrna, kao i metode kokanja. Maksimalan potencijal zapremine kokičavosti postiže se samo ako je hibrid dostigao punu zrelost. Ipak, najvažniji je uticaj sadržaja vlage u trenutku kokanja. Sadržaj vlage od oko 14% je optimalan i pri njemu se ostvaruju najviše zapremine kokičavosti. U radu je ispitivan uticaj sadržaja vlage u zrnu prilikom berbe i u trenutku kokanja na osobine kokičavosti: zapremina kokičavosti i procenat neiskokanog zrna. Ove osobine proučavane su na na četiri hibrida kukuruza kokičara. Hibridi su brani u tri termina pri sadržaju vlage: preko 25%, između 20 - 25%, i nižoj od 18%. Zatim je svaki od uzoraka kokan pri sadržaju vlage od 20%, 18%, 16%, 14%, 12%, i 10%. Analiza varijanse ukazala je na značajan uticaj genotipa, sadržaja vlage prilikom berbe, kao i interakcija na zapreminu kokičavosti i procenat neiskokanog zrna. Najviša zapremina kokičavosti ostvarena je pri sadržaju vlage od 14%, a takođe pri ovom sadržaju vlage najmanji je bio i procenat neiskokanog zrna. Hibrid ZP 608k je imao najvišu zapreminu kokičavosti i najmanji procenat neiskokanog zrna, kako u proseku svih tretmana, tako i po proučavanim tretmanima, dok je najamnju zapreminu kokičavosti i najveći procenat neiskokanog zrna imao hibrid ZP 501k. Najmanji procenat neiskokanog zrna utvrđen je u zadnjem terminu berbe, kada je sadržaj vlage u zrnu bio ispod 18%

Breeding potential of maize landraces evaluated by their testcross performance

Significant amounts of crop diversity, especially in out-crossing species like maize (Zea mays L.) is, are often distributed both between and within related groups of accessions. Thus, a detailed characterization and classification of gene bank accessions should be performed prior to use of the best of them for introgression programs to enlarge the genetic base of the elite germplasm pool. Based on performances per se, 40 landraces were chosen out of the wide pool of Western Balkan landraces, previously clustered into 11 homogenous groups. The objective of this study was to evaluate the heterotic pattern of landraces in testcrossing with three divergent elite testers L217, L73B013 and L255/75-5. According to the results of a two-year trial conducted at four locations, landraces 1267, 1346, 197, 1569, 1509 and 2036 expressed the best general combining abilities (GCA) for grain yield. Landraces 1960, 642, 2006, 1945, 1346, 1569, 1450, 1534, 1509 and 1665 performed well in crosses to L217, while landraces 1960, 773, 1798, 1665, 632, 877 and 1569 gave the best results in crosses to inbred tester L73B013. In crosses to inbred tester L255/75-5, the highest heterotic effects were expressed by landraces 467, 773, 1346, 1534, 2249 and 288. Particular attention is to be paid to landraces 1346, 1569 and 1509, having simultaneously high GCA and specific combining abilities (SCA). A certain number of landraces expressed heterosis with two inbred testers, indicating existence of a new unrelated heterotic pattern within the local germplasm pool evaluated

Genetic variability of free energy in a function of drought tolerance in common bean accessions

Characterisation of bean genotypes, particularly local landraces is important for ongoing breeding programs, especially for drought tolerance. Susceptibility to drought is emphasized when bean is grown as a stubble crop and sown at the middle of summer. The aim of this study was to compare variability of ten bean genotypes to optimal (25 degrees C) and higher (30 degrees C) temperatures in combination with optimal (80%) and reduced (40%) field water capacity (FWC), from the point of growth (root and shoot length and fresh matter accumulation) and thermodynamic parameters of free energy (calculated parameter after drying at 60 degrees C, 105 degrees C and 130 degrees C) during the early seedlings stage. Significant and positive correlation between root length and fresh matter with free energy at symplast and chemically bound water occurred under temperature stress (i.e. 30 degrees C). Root growth and elongation were affected by drought stress, i.e. under a combination of high temperature (30 degrees C) and water deficit (40% FWC). Based on higher energy consumption, the ability of shoot to continue a growth in stressful conditions could be possible to achieve, as was confirm through significant and positive correlation between evaluated growth parameters in shoot and free energy of free water. It could be concluded that most of the examined dry bean accessions expressed some sensitivity to stress applied. Among genotypes tested, local landrace zecak expressed lesser susceptibility to stresses applied. Accession Maksa was more tolerant to changes at cytoplasmic level, while Medijana and Sataja 425 expressed root i.e. shoot stress tolerance. Those accessions could be considered as potentially drought tolerant genotypes

Variations in level of oil, protein, and some antioxidants in chickpea and peanut seeds

Background: Chickpea and peanut are two legume species not frequently used in human diets. Chickpea is rich in starch and proteins, while peanut is mainly a source of oils and proteins and they could be successfully used as protein sources in vegetarian diets. Seeds of 19 chickpea and 13 peanut landraces were colorimetrically analyzed in respect to antioxidant content (i.e., free soluble phenolics, total glutathione, and phytate). Oil and protein contents in grain were also determined. Results: Free soluble phenolics content varied in range from 520 to1,050 mg kg(-1) in peanut and from 720 to 1,370 mg kg(-1) in chickpea. Total glutathione content ranged from 1,495 to 2,365 mmol kg(-1) in peanut and from 955 to 1,232 mmol kg(-1) in chickpea. Relatively low content of phytic phosphorus was found in grain of both species, ranging from 2.5 to 4.5 g kg(-1) in peanut and from 1.4 to 3.0 g kg(-1) in chickpea, respectively. Considering the lack of data for phytate variability in Macedonian chickpea and peanut local landraces up to date, the observed high variation in phytic phosphorus content could represent the great basis for further breeding programs for phytate decrease in seeds of those genotypes. This is significant, since phytate is an important antinutrient which affects availability of mineral elements. Regression analysis revealed positive and highly significant interdependence between oil content and total glutathione in chickpea seeds, as well as between oil content and phytic phosphorus in peanut seeds. In chickpea, significant and negative correlation between oil and phytic phosphorus content was also observed. Conclusions: Results obtained indicated that chickpea genotypes with higher oil content could have increased nutritional value due to higher glutathione and lower phytate content observed. However, lower level of phytate content, along with higher level of soluble phenolics and total glutathione found in peanut seeds with lower oil content, indicated higher digestibility and increased antioxidant activity of those genotypes