Solid phase epitaxy of molecular beam deposited amorphous GaAs on Si

Solid phase epitaxial (SPE) crystallization of amorphous GaAs on (100) Si tilted by 4° toward formed by molecular beam deposition (MBD) was first achieved by cw Kr laser irradiation for short durations. The ratio of As to Ga (y/x) in deposited amorphous GaxAsy films was varied from 0.4 to 1.2. During the laser irradiation, movement of the amorphous/crystalline interface was measured using time-resolved optical reflectivity (TROR). It was found from TROR and micro-Raman scattering measurements that hetero-SPE is attained in samples with As/Ga ratios ranging from 0.8 to 1.1 and that the interface roughness is larger than that observed in homo-SPE (e.g., MBD GaAs on GaAs and P+ ion-implanted GaAs)

Triple-negative pleomorphic lobular carcinoma and expression of androgen receptor: Personal case series and review of the literature

Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma (PLC) is a histological variant of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and is associated with worse prognosis than classical ILC. It exhibits a greater degree of cellular atypia and pleomorphism and is occasionally accompanied with apocrine morphology. We investigated the immunohistochemical characteristics of samples from 31 Japanese patients with PLC to elucidate the clinicopathological characteristics of PLC including androgen receptor (AR) immunoreactivity. The surrogate molecular subtypes were luminal A-like, luminal B-like, luminal B-like/HER2, HER2-type, and triple-negative in 5, 4, 3, 5, and 14 cases, respectively. AR was positive in 92.8% (13/14) of the triple-negative PLC cases and 100% (10/10) of the non-triple-negative PLC cases. Disease-specific survival was worse in patients with histological grade 3 PLCs than in those with histological grade 2 PLCs (p = 0.007). However, there was no significant difference in the progression-free survival between the two groups (p = 0.152). No other clinicopathological characteristics were associated with prognosis. These results reveal that PLC exhibits various surrogate molecular subtypes and that the triple-negative subtype frequently expresses AR. The observed molecular apocrine differentiation implicates that triple-negative PLC can be categorized into the luminal AR subtype. Furthermore, AR-targeted therapy might be useful for patients with triple-negative PLC

Absorption spectrum in the wings of the potassium second resonance doublet broadened by helium

We have measured the reduced absorption coefficients occurring in the wings of the potassium 4S-5P doublet lines at 404.414 nm and at 404.720 nm broadened by helium gas at pressures of several hundred Torr. At the experimental temperature of 900 K, we have detected a shoulder-like broadening feature on the blue wing of the doublet which is relatively flat between 401.8 nm and 402.8 nm and which drops off rapidly for shorter wavelengths, corresponding to absorption from the X doublet Sigma+ state to the C doublet Sigma+ state of the K-He quasimolecule. The accurate measurements of the line profiles in the present work will sharply constrain future calculations of potential energy surfaces and transition dipole moments correlating to the asymptotes He-K(5p), He-K(5s), and He-K(3d).Comment: 2 figure

Line Oscillator Strength Measurements in the 0-0 Band of the c′4 1Σu+ ← X 1Σg+ Transition of N2

Oscillator strengths for 48 rotational lines in the 0-0 band of the c1Σ ← X1Σ transition of 14N2, a prominent feature in planetary airglow emissions, have been determined from vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption spectra recorded with an instrumental resolution of ~ 6.5 × 10-4 nm (resolving power ≈150,000). The sum of the integrated cross sections over all measured lines, including six lines appearing on account of a local perturbation by v = 1 of the b' state, yields a room temperature band f-value of 0.136 ± 0.020. This result is compared with earlier measurements of band-integrated absorption cross sections and with a study of electron-impact-induced emission from c(0), as well as with electron scattering measurements and a nonadiabatic calculation of vibronic band strengths. The relative P- and R-branch absorption intensities deviate systematically from those of an unperturbed 1Σ ← 1Σ band, as expected from the interactions of the c (v = 0) level with nearby Rydberg and valence states. In addition, the variation of the band f-values derived from pairs of R- and P-branch transitions with a common lower-state rotational level, f(J''), are found to be J-dependent, indicating that the f-value obtained from the band-integrated absorption cross section is slightly temperature dependent. The J-dependence of f(J'') is briefly discussed in the context of the interference patterns which characterize the absorption strengths in the region of the widespread interactions between Rydberg and valence state levels

Spratelloides atrofasciatus Schultz, 1943, a valid species of round herring (Clupeiformes: Clupeidae)

Hidaka, Kouichi, Yamamuro, Taihei, Yoshino, Tetsuo (2015): Spratelloides atrofasciatus Schultz, 1943, a valid species of round herring (Clupeiformes: Clupeidae). Zootaxa 4028 (4): 527-538, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.

Digital reconstructed radiography with multiple color image overlay for image-guided radiotherapy.

Registration of patient anatomical structures to the reference position is a basic part of the patient set-up procedure. Registration of anatomical structures between the site of beam entrance on the patient surface and the distal target position is particularly important. Here, to improve patient positional accuracy during set-up for particle beam treatment, we propose a new visualization methodology using digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs), overlaid DRRs, and evaluation of overlaid DRR images in clinical cases. The overlaid method overlays two DRR images in different colors by dividing the CT image into two CT sections at the distal edge of the target along the treatment beam direction. Since our hospital uses fixed beam ports, the treatment beam angles for this study were set at 0 and 90 degrees. The DRR calculation direction was from the X-ray tube to the imaging device, and set to 180/270 degrees and 135/225 degrees, based on the installation of our X-ray imaging system. Original and overlaid DRRs were calculated using CT data for two patients, one with a parotid gland tumor and the other with prostate cancer. The original and overlaid DRR images were compared. Since the overlaid DRR image was completely separated into two regions when the DRR calculation angle was the same as the treatment beam angle, the overlaid DRR visualization technique was able to provide rich information for aiding recognition of the relationship between anatomical structures and the target position. This method will also be useful in patient set-up procedures for fixed irradiation ports