Influence des conditions pédo-climatiques sur les composantes du rendement de Jatropha curcas (L) dans les zones Nord de savane et Sud forestière de la Côte d’Ivoire

Le pourghère (Jatropha curcas L.) est une plante oléagineuse de la famille des Euphorbiacées. Cette plante qui demeure sauvage, a de multiples usages dont la fabrication de biocarburants. Sa domestication vise à sélectionner les accessions exprimant un haut rendement en graines et donc adaptées à une zone particulière. Des accessions de Jatropha curcas ont ainsi été collectées dans dix localités de la Côte d’Ivoire. Celles-ci ont été cultivées sur les sols de parcelles situées au Sud et au Nord du pays. Le dispositif expérimental est en blocs de Fisher complètement randomisés. Les rendements en fruits secs et en graines des accessions ont été estimés. Les résultats obtenus ont montré qu’au Sud, relativement plus humide et à sol plus riche en matières organiques qu’au Nord, les rendements annuels en fruits ont été meilleurs. L’accession AC5 provenant de Bouaké est la mieux adaptée aux deux sites de culture. Les accessions les plus performantes en termes de rendement en graines dans la zone Nord sont AC1 et AC5. Au Sud, AC3, AC4, AC5 et AC10 se sont révélées les plus intéressantes.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Jatropha curcas, accessions, composantes du rendement, biocarburant, graines, localités de la Côte d’IvoireEnglish Title: Influence of soil and climate conditions on the components performance of Jatropha curcas (L) in the northern areas of savannah and forest south of Côte d'IvoireEnglish AbstractThe jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is an oleaginous plant of the family Euphorbiaceae. This plant remains wild and has multiple uses including the manufacture of biofuels. Its domestication aims to select the accessions expressing a high seed yield and therefore adapted to a particular area. The Jatropha curcas accessions have been collected in ten towns in the Ivory Coast. These were grown on soils of land located in  the South and North. The experimental design is completely randomized block design. The yields of dried fruits and seeds accessions were estimated. The results obtained showed that in the South, with relatively wet soil and richer in organic matter than in the North, fruits in annual returns were better. The AC5 accession from Bouaké is best suited to both cultivation sites. The most successful accessions in terms of seed yield in the Northern Zone are AC1 and AC5. In the South, AC3, AC4, AC5 and AC10 have proved the most interesting.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Jatropha curcas, accessions, yield components, biofuel, seeds, areas of Côte d'Ivoir

Phenotypic Characterization and Multivariate Analysis of Fifteen Maize Lines developed by Induced Mutation in Daloa (Côte d’Ivoire)

In Côte d'Ivoire, maize is an important staple food for a large part of the population. However, its culture faces many constraints related to soil degradation, climate change and genetic degeneration of cultivated varieties. In order to create new varieties adapted to these constraints, mutant maize Lines have been developed using the gamma radiation technique. The present study aims to phenotyping 15 mutant Lines from the sixth generation of self-pollination, in order to characterize them and to give information on their genetic diversity. For this, an experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted. Thirteen traits were evaluated and they showed wide variation not only between the mutant Lines but also between them and the non-irradiated control. Multivariate analysis structured this variability into five distinct groups with specific traits. The interest of the revealed traits and the future use of these mutant Lines are discussed. Keywords: maize, gamma radiation, induce mutation, phenotypic characterization DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/13-18-05 Publication date:December 31st 202

PROSPECTION, COLLECTE ET CARACTERISATION AGROMORPHOLOGIQUE DES MORPHOTYPES DE VOANDZOU [VIGNA SUBTERRANEA (L.) VERDC. (FABACEAE)] DE LA ZONE SAVANICOLE EN COTE D’IVOIRE

In Africa, Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.] is the third most important grain-legume after groundnut (Arachis hypogaea ) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). An extended mission of exploration and collection has been achieved in the savannah area of Côte d’Ivoire to acquire knowledge on the plant management by farmers. Agromorphological performances of 15 collected landraces have been evaluated in experimental plots established in Korhogo. Sixty six (66) villages were visited and 156 accessions of Bambara groundnut were collected. The results showed that Bambara groundnut is mainly cultivated by women (90 %). The landraces Ci2, Ci5, Ci6 and Ci1 have been identified as the mostly grown and consumed in savannah area. Chemical products ( cypermetrin and profenofos) and ash were often used for seeds storage. Moreover, Ocimum canum , Hyptis spicigera , Azadirachta indica and Khaya senegalensis are also used in seeds stock. Multifactorial analysis indicated three distinctive groups of landrace: Early maturing landraces with low vegetative development and low seed yield; late maturing landraces with high vegetative development and high seed yield; late maturing landraces with medium vegetative development and high value of seed yield components

Inventaire Et Identification Des Dégâts Des Insectes Infestant Les Plants De Manioc (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) À Deux Et Huit Mois Après Plantation Et Essai De Lutte Biologique Dans La Localité De Daloa (Côte d’Ivoire)

Le manioc est devenu un aliment de base des populations de Côte d’Ivoire. La présente étude qui lui est consacrée a été réalisée dans la période d'avril à octobre 2020 et avait pour objectif d'établir l'inventaire de l'entomofaune qui lui est associée, trouver leurs dégâts afin de mettre en place une stratégie de lutte pouvant réduire ces pathogènes. Cette étude a été réalisée sur deux variétés de manioc : Bocou 1 et Yavo. Plusieurs méthodes ont été utilisées pour la collecte des insectes à savoir : le piégeage, la capture à la main et au filet fauchoir. Les résultats ont montré une entomofaune très diversifiée avec 12 ordres d’insectes parmi lesquels il peut être cité : les Hétéroptères (les plus nombreux), suivis des Diptères, des Thysanoptères, des Coléoptères, des Hyménoptères et des Orthoptères. Ces insectes ravageurs sont vecteurs de plusieurs maladies dont la virose avec une incidence de 38,88% chez la variété Bocou 1, la bactériose avec une incidence de 85,55% chez la variété Yavo et 67,77% chez la variété Bocou 1. La solution aqueuse à base de neem a été également utilisée afin de lutter contre ces ravageurs. Cette solution s’est montrée efficace contre les insectes ravageurs des cultures de manioc. Cette étude a donc permis de faire l'inventaire de quelques insectes associés au manioc dans cette localité et d’établir une méthode de lutte biologique. Cassava has become a staple food for people in Côte d'Ivoire. The present study devoted to it was carried out in the period from April to October  and aims to establish an inventory of the entomofauna associated with it, to find their damage in order to set up a control strategy that can reduce these pathogens. This study was carried out on two varieties of cassava: Bocou 1 and Yavo. Several methods were used for the collection of insects namely: trapping, capture by hand and with a hay net. The results showed a very diverse entomofauna with 12 orders of insects among which we can cite: Heteroptera, the most numerous, followed by Diptera, Thysanoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera. These insect pests are vectors of several diseases including virosis with an incidence of 38.88% in variety Bocou 1, bacteriosis with an incidence of 85.55% in variety Yavo and 67.77% in variety Bocou 1. The aqueous solution based on neem has also been used to control these pests. This solution has been shown to be effective against insect pests of cassava crops. This study therefore made it possible to make an inventory of some insects associated with cassava in this locality and to establish a method of biological control

Effect of different preceding crops and land preparation methods on the agrophysiological and health parameters of Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg clone GT 1 in southwestern Côte d'Ivoire

Land preparation method and preceding crops affect the evolution of rubber trees. Its ignorance and/or poor execution do not allow the efficient development of the agronomic and economic potentialities of plantations. In order to remove this constraint, a study was undertaken in southwestern Côte d'Ivoire. The rubber trees were planted at 510 trees/ha according to a Fisherblock experimental design, of six preceding crop treatments with three repetitions. Only one latex harvesting system was applied (S/2 d/4 6d/7 ET 2.5% Pa 1 (1) 6/y). The parameters measured were rubber yield, annual average girth increment, physiological profile, sensitivity to tapping panel dryness and sensitivity to root rot caused by the genus Fomes. The results showed that the rate of rubber trees found in the plots was good (90.73± 0.47 %) and had varied with land preparation method depending on the preceding crops. Vegetative growth at tapping (2.05±1.36 cm.year -1 ), and average rubber yield (2053±179 kg.ha-1 .year -1 ) and the rate of tree loss due to the genus Fomes (8.33±0.42%) were influenced by land preparation method. The good productivity, the good physiological state of the rubber trees were characterized by a well balanced physiological profile and a tapping panel dryness rate (3.60 ± 1.74%), independently of treatments. The Agroeconomic results showed that mechanically prepared fallow (813641 FCFA.ha-1 .year -1 ) was the best preceding crop and land preparation method. This technical result has two main interests for the national rubber-growing industry, since it actively participates in the national policy for fighting against deforestation but also contributes to the establishment of a secondary forest by the attributes of the rubber-growing plant cover

Effects of Water Stress on the Agromorphological Parameters of Two New Maize (Zea mays L.) Lines (L36 and L71) Obtained from the Variety EV8728

Maize (Zea mays L.) or Indian wheat is the most cultivated cereal in the world and the first in terms of quantity before wheat. Its cultivation is confronted with the climate change which causes drought, and this last one reduces considerably its production. The objective of this experiment is to select maize (Zea mays L.) varieties resistant to water stress using gamma irradiation. Its aim is to characterize agromorphologically two maize lines derived from the gamma irradiated variety EV8728. This study took place in Daloa (Ivory Coast). The plant material consisted of maize plants obtained by self-fertilization after five cycles from seeds of the variety EV8728 irradiated with gamma rays at a dose of 300 grays. Observations and measurements were made on the number and area of leaves, height and diameter of maize plants, male and female flowering parameters (date of panicle appearance, pollen grains, cob and silks) and number of spikelets, cob insertion height (CIE), panicle height and internode length. At the 58th das, the highest number of leaves (18.76) was observed in the plants of line 36 watered at capacity in field S0. On the other hand, the number of leaves (16.04) was lowest on the plants of the same line under severe stress (S2). Regardless of the type of stress applied, the plants of the control EV8728 always dominate, while the most stunted are those of the line L36. The date of panicle appearance (DAP) was early with the EV8728 control compared to the tested lines (L36 and L71), while the date of pollen appearance (DAGP) was about 4 d after the panicle was visible. Under moderate stress, a delay in flowering (anthesis) is observed in EV8728 and line L71 while there is no change in date for line L36

Production De Plants De Bananier Plantain Musa AAB Var. Orishele Par La Méthode DESHYPIF À Partir Des Rejet-Écailles Et Rejets Baïonnettes

Plantain is an easy plant to grow. There are many varieties directly exploitable which makes it a plant with economic potential. Banana is one of the most consumed foods by the inhabitants of Côte d'Ivoire. However, banana production in this region remains insufficient. The possibility of creating a banana plantation remains a major problem due to the low availability of "seeds". The introduction of a new method under the name DESHYPIF could both reduce the vegetative cycle and the production cycle while allowing the vegetative propagation of the buds. The aim of our study was to show that the production of banana plants by DESHYPIF technique is possible with the use of buds suckers. The study focused on two types of buds, traditional bayonet discharges and buds suckers. The results showed that buds suckers lose more water (39.34 ± 0.52) than the bayonet (27.15 ± 1.03) in the dehydration phase, however, the water level in the phase of physiological awakening remained the same (5.23 ± 0.01). The rehydration rate was 100 %. For the number of young plants emitted in germination, the buds suckers dehydrated gave a number of individuals (77 ± 2) comparable to those of the bayonets (80±1)

Forest Dynamics in the North of the Classified Forest of Haut-Sassandra During the Period of Armed Conflicts in Ivory Coast

peer reviewe

Etude De La Qualité Agronomique Et Biochimique De Quelques Variétés De Niébé (Vigna Unguiculata (L) Walp (Fabaceae) Provenant De La Côte d’Ivoire

Cowpea is a legume consumed in Côte d'Ivoire. There are many cultivars whose seeds are widely available. This study aimed to determine some agronomic and physicochemical characteristics of some cowpea cultivars in order to identify differences and if possible select the best for appropriate uses. The study included 16 cultivars; the agro-morphological variability was assessed on the basis of eight parameters. The results showed that the accessions N21DR, N18ZR, N10BBrp produced more seeds in a relatively short growing cycle. For the biochemical characterization, parameters such as moisture, ash, protein, fat, total carbohydrates and energy value were determined by conventional methods. Differences were observed between the physicochemical parameters of the analyzed cultivars seeds. The cultivar (N19ZBoBp) recorded the highest protein content