Mobilizing selection as a factor in macroevolution

International audienc

Nemoral species of Lepidoptera (Insecta) in Siberia: a novel view on their history and the timing of their range disjunctions

Distributions in Siberia of nemorallepidopteran species, trophically or cenotically tied to broad-leaved (nemoral) forests or their phytocenotic derivates, display seven main types of range: Amphipalaearctic; Europe – West-Siberia – Far-East disjunctive; East-Europe – Altai – Far-East disjunctive; Altai – Far-East disjunctive; South-Siberia – Far-East; Transbaikalia – Far-East; Europe- Transuralia. An eastern origin can be traced for most of these species, with the exception of the last-mentioned type. According to palynological data, a continuous belt of broad-leaved forests was re-established during the Quaternary in North Eurasia at least twice: at the beginning of the Late Pleistocene and in the Middle Holocene. During the former the range of oak, as well as the fauna connected with it, was continuous through the Palaearctic. There is no reliable evidence for refuges of nemoral flora and fauna in Siberia during the last glaciation. We assume that the period since the Late Pleistocene (Kazantseva) Optimum (about 100,000-110,000 years) was sufficient for taxonomic divergence to species rank of western and eastern Palaearctic populations of Lepidoptera. During the Holocene climatic optimum the lepidopteran nemoral fauna could expand into a transpalaearctic distribution as a consequence of westward migration of eastern species due to an earlier optimum of broad-leaved forests in the eastern parts of Asia than in West Siberia and Eastern Europe. Disjunctive types of nemoral species range may have resulted from depletion of the forests with broad-leaved trees in Central Siberia during the Sub boreal period of the Holocene. Thus, they should not be dated to the late Pliocene - early Pleistocene, as was done earlier

Content creation training courses using the format electronic journal

Following the multiyear practical experience of using students’ personal electronic diaries in the educational process the new technique for creating the content of lectures in the format of interactive electronic journal (the idea of crowdsourcing) has been developed. The collection of students’ publications content is performed automatically on the integrating resource (website), primary and final discussions of students’ notes are done in the form of virtual dialogue. Taking into account scalability of the system into a variety of courses the technique seems to be promising for developing students’ individual educational trajectoryРазвивая многолетний практический опыт использования в образовательном процессе персональных электронных дневников студентов, разработана новая методика создания контента лекций в формате интерактивного электронного журнала (идея краудсорсинга). На выделенном интегрирующем ресурсе (сайте) производится автоматический сбор контента студенческих публикаций, организовано предварительное и окончательное обсуждение конспектов в виртуальном диалоге. С учётом масштабируемости системы на множество курсов методика открывает перспективы создания рекомендательной системы для определения индивидуальной образовательной траектории студенто

Info-communication environment to support the master's programs of the department

Current situation in education has all formal features of a typical communicative situation of a double bind pattern, which resulted in social consciousness splitting. Having used multiyear practical experience in the operation of students’ interactive electronic journals, the author offered constructive solutions to change communication style in order to reduce the negative consequences of the double bind pattern in The Master program Business Informatics. Having used free software, key elements of the communicative style specific for the info-communication environment of the graduate chair have been created. These elements allow to solve the problems of sustainable guarded communications effectively; create original and relevant educational content by the students themselves; provide, mutual learning, joint work with documents and stuffСовременная ситуация в образовании имеет все формальные признаки типичной коммуникативной ситуации паттерна double bind, что привело к «расщеплению» общественного сознания. Используя многолетний практический опыт эксплуатации интерактивных студенческих электронных журналов, предложены конструктивные решения по изменению коммуникативного стиля для снижения негативных последствий паттерна double bind при подготовке магистров бизнес-информатики. Используя свободное программное обеспечение, созданы ключевые элементы коммуникативного стиля инфо-коммуникационной среды выпускающей кафедры. Эти элементы уже сейчас позволяют эффективно решать проблемы устойчивых защищенных коммуникаций, создания оригинального и актуального образовательного контента самими магистрантами, взаимного обучения, совместной работы с документами и проче

Mitochondria from rat uterine smooth muscle possess ATP-sensitive potassium channel

AbstractThe objective of this study was to detect ATP-sensitive K+ uptake in rat uterine smooth muscle mitochondria and to determine possible effects of its activation on mitochondrial physiology. By means of fluorescent technique with usage of K+-sensitive fluorescent probe PBFI (potassium-binding benzofuran isophthalate) we showed that accumulation of K ions in isolated mitochondria from rat myometrium is sensitive to effectors of KATP-channel (ATP-sensitive K+-channel) – ATP, diazoxide, glibenclamide and 5HD (5-hydroxydecanoate). Our data demonstrates that K+ uptake in isolated myometrium mitochondria results in a slight decrease in membrane potential, enhancement of generation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and mitochondrial swelling. Particularly, the addition of ATP into incubation medium led to a decrease in mitochondrial swelling and ROS production, and an increase in membrane potential. These effects were eliminated by diazoxide. If blockers of KATP-channel were added along with diazoxide, the effects of diazoxide were removed. So, we postulate the existence of KATP-channels in rat uterus mitochondria and assume that their functioning may regulate physiological conditions of mitochondria, such as matrix volume, ROS generation and polarization of mitochondrial membrane

Nonequilibrium - filtration equations

Within the framework of the linear thermodynamics of irreversible processes, a general form is obtained for the equations of isothermal nonequilibrium filtration of an incompressible Liquid through a nondeforming porous matrix. © 1981 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Сравнительное исследование эффективности инвестиций в инновации на примере электроэнергетических компаний группы «Газпром»

The results of energy companies development in Russia in 2005-2009 are studied using the proposed efficiency model based on DEA analysis theory statements. The model lets estimate the efficiency of usage of own and attracted investment aimed at innovative development of companies. It is proposed to research efficiency of energy companies using the parameter of total investment used for several years for supporting the company activity, development and introduction of innovative technologies. The model was used for comparison of productive efficiency of companies belonging to JSC Gazprom and detection of differences in the usage rate of own and attracted investment resources applied for development and supporting the working state of facilities.Результаты развития энергетических компаний в России в 2005-2009 гг. изучены с помощью предлагаемой модели эффективности, построенной на положениях теории DEA-анализа. Модель позволила оценить эффективность использования собственных и привлекаемых инвестиций, направляемых на инновационное развитие компаний. Предлагается исследовать эффективность энергетических компаний с применением параметра суммарных инвестиций, направляемых в течение ряда лет на поддержание деятельности компании, развитие и внедрение инновационных технологий. С помощью модели сопоставлена производственная эффективность компаний ОАО «Газпром», обнаружены различия в степени использовании собственных и привлекаемых инвестиционных ресурсов, направляемых на развитие и поддержание мощностей в рабочем состоянии

Prospects of the use of wild relatives for pea (Pisum sativum L.) breeding

The current global climate change results in shift and shrinkage of ranges of crop cultivation. The potential of crop wild relatives as an important source of genetic diversity for breeding is underestimated. Wild relatives of pea include the species P. fulvum and the subspecies P. sativum subsp. elatius, whereas wild representatives of P. abyssinicum are unknown. Wild peas are characterized by spontaneous dehiscence of pods and ballistic seed spread. The cultivated pea represents just a phyletic lineage within P. sativum. Pea crop wild relatives are promising with respect to: (1) resistance to pests and pathogens; (2) resistance to abiotic stress; (3) nutritional value; (4) agrotechnical advantages, e.g. branching, ability of hibernation etc.; (5) symbiotic nitrogen fixation (almost no data); etc. P. fulvum is resistant to pea weevil, rust, powdery mildew and ascochyta blight. Some P. sativum subsp. elatius are resistant to nematodes, broomrape, powdery mildew, Fusarium wilt, powdery mildew, root rot, ascochyta blight and white wilt. P. sativum subsp. elatius responds to weevil oviposition by neoplastic pustules of the pod wall controlled by the locus Np. Pisum abyssinicum shows resistance to nematodes and bacterial blight. P. fulvum has a high rate of root growth. Some P. sativum subsp. elatius accessions have lowered transpiration rates, and an accession from Italy survives at –20оС. Analyses of quantitative trait loci have been carried out for resistance of P. fulvum to pea weevil, powdery mildew and rust and for resistance of P. sativum subsp. elatius to broomrape, bacterial blight and ascochyta blight. Aryamanesh et al. (2012) obtained five introgression lines with pea weevil resistance transferred from P. fulvum to P. sativum. The practical use of wild peas is hampered by insufficient awareness of their diversity and differences from cultivated peas. Studies of useful traits of wild peas and their natural diversity, which is rapidly vanishing, should be intensified

Genetic integrity of four species of Leptidea (Pieridae, Lepidoptera) as sampled in sympatry in West Siberia

In southern West Siberia, as many as four Leptidea Billberg, 1820 species are present sympatrically: L. amurensis (Ménétriés, 1859), L. morsei (Ménétriés, 1859), L. sinapis (Linnaeus, 1758) and L. juvernica Williams, 1946. The two latter were recently recognised as nearly sibling species on morphological and molecular characters. Specimens intermediate as to their subtle diagnostic characters occurring in West Siberia and elsewhere were interpreted as resulted from limited introgression. This supposition was tested via populational morphological and molecular analysis of spring brood specimens of all the four species taken from a limited (4.5 × 0.2 km) area in the suburbs of Novosibirsk. The samples were analysed with respect to the genitalic morphology, external characters, three nuclear (CAD, H1 gene and ITS2) and one mitochondrial (COI) molecular markers, infection of the intracellular maternally inherited bacterial symbiont Wolbachia Hertig, 1836 and its wsp gene coding for a hypervariable surface protein. Interspecific variation of the nuclear CAD and ITS2 sequences and the mitochondrial COI gene in L. sinapis and L. juvernica turned out concordant. The absence of molecular evidence of introgression suggests genetic integrity of these two species and allows their reliable identification by molecular characters. The genitalic (lengths of the saccus and valva) and external characters (wing pattern) of males overlap in L. sinapis and L. juvernica, as identified by molecular markers and thus are not so helpful in actual species identification. Only the ductus bursae length showed no overlap and can be used for identification of females. The histone H1 gene appeared five times less variable over the four studied species than COI, and found to be identical in species L. sinapis and L. juvernica. Wolbachia infection was found in all studied species. We identified three wsp variants of Wolbachia: 1) wsp-10 allele in L. amurensis, L. sinapis, L. juvernica; 2) a very similar wsp-687 allele in L. sinapis; and 3) wsp-688, highly divergent to the previous ones, in L. morsei