Улогата на комуникацијата и оралната здравствена писменост во превенција и промоција на оралното здравје

Dental care prevention involves prophylactic oral health practices and strategies that are primarily targeted to diseases of the oral tissues with the focus on prevention of certain conditions. Not enough attention has been given to the communication between the dentist and the patient as well as the ability or the inability to understand patient's health information. The aim of this paper is to present the current practices and regulations related to the effective communication between oral healthcare professionals and patient population, and their representation and influence in improving and raising the profile of the oral health on a national level. Materials and method:A systematic literature search was conducted including published scientific articles between 1977 and 2018. Studies discussing the improvement of oral health in the function of general health and well-being in the patient population of all ages were analyzed. The main focus was put on the commitment of the oral health community in the global agenda and the importance of integrating multifactorial approaches to prevention. Particular attention was paid to the representation of the skills for effective communication between health care professionals and patient population, and the medical education (health education), which should result in the individual's health literacy. Results: During the global struggle to improve the oral health, efforts are being made to enhance current practices and share knowledge about preventive care and treatment in oral health science and education in order to ensure the general health and well-being of the patient population of all ages. Unfortunately, the commitment to take action in raising effective communication and oral health literacy is minimal. Conclusion: Improving the communication between the oral health care professionals and the patient population in the direction of an interactive, dynamic and flexible process, as well as raising the level of oral health literacy among the population through targeted and carefully developed medical education should be the first step in any preventive program for raising the level of oral health.Превенцијата како важен дел од стоматолошката заштита во себе вклучува превентивни орални програми и стратегии, кои примарно се насочени кон заболувања на оралните ткива и најчесто се фокусираат на спречување на одредени болестии состојби. На комуникацијата помеѓу стоматологот и пациентот, како и на способноста, односно неспособноста на разбирање на здравствените информации од страна на пациентот не се посветува доволно внимание. Целта на овој труд е да се изнесат досегашните наоди и ставови кои се однесуваат на ефикасната комуникацијата помеѓу стоматологот и пациентот и оралната здравствената писменост на пациентите, нивната застапеност и влијание во подобрување и подигнување на  профилот на оралното здравје на национално ниво. Материјал и метод: За таа цел беше пребарана литературата врз основа на објавени трудови и статии помеѓу 1977 и 2018 година, во која се прикажани истражувања на потребите во насока на подобрување на оралното здравје во функција на општо здравје и благосостојба на населението од сите возрасти, со што е искажана посветеноста на оралната здравствена заедница во глобалната агенда и нагласена важноста од интегрирање на мултифакторискиот пристап кон превенцијата. Посебен акцент беше ставен на застапеноста на вештините на ефикасната комуникација на лекарот со пациентот, во прв ред, и медицинската едукација (здравственото воспитување), која треба да резултира со здравствена писменост на поединецот. Резултати: Во тек на глобалната борба за подобрување на оралното здравје на населението во континуитет се прават напори за подобрување на добрите практики и споделување знаење за превентивна нега и третман во оралната здравствена наука и образование, за да се обезбеди општо здравје и благосостојба на населението од сите возрасти. За жал, напорите и посветеноста за акција при  зголемување на ефикасната комуникација и оралната здравствена писменост во подобрување на орално здравје се минимални. Заклучок: Унапредување на комуникацијата помеѓу стоматологот и пациентот во насока на интерактивен, динамичен и флексибилен процес, како и подигањето на нивото на оралната здравствена писменост кај населението преку целно насочена и внимателно разработена медицинска едукација треба да биде првиот чекор во секоја превентивна програма за подигање на нивото на оралното здравје

Violence and Injury Prevention – Challenges For Health Promotion in Macedonia

World Health Organization estimated 5.1 million deaths from injuries in 2002 in the world or 9% of all deaths, disproportionately affecting the young. These are a leading cause of premature death and DALYs at age of 5 to 45 years. In Europe injuries are third leading cause of death, after cardiovascular diseases and cancers with 800,000 or 8.3%. Injuries can be avoided and prevented. Many effective strategies can be used to target high risk groups and to reduce health consequences for victims of injuries. The health sector can play a key role in injury and violence prevention and control, by providing care and services to victims, prevention and advocacy, and engaging in partnerships with other sectors and across all levels of government and society. Decreasing the burden from injuries will require political commitment across all government levels and with this the allocation of adequate resources to take these activities forward. Future challenges for injury and violence prevention and health promotion, that the countries including Macedonia would face are: developing national action plans for unintentional injury and violence prevention, forming an intersectoral injury prevention committee, improving national surveillance system, strengthening national capacity to respond to the burden of injuries and violence through both primary prevention and care, promoting evidence-based practice by facilitating the exchange of knowledge and experience across the Region, recognize gaps in knowledge and prioritize research and development in both primary prevention and care, as well as studies on costs

Predictive factors for patient satisfaction in public and private hospitals in Kosovo

Aim: The objective of this study was to assess predictive factors for patient satisfaction with healthcare services as a measure of the quality of hospital care in public and private hospitals in Kosovo. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kosovo during 2015-2016 including a representative sample of 2585 patients older than 18 years [1010 (48.6%) males and 1069 (51.4%) females from public hospitals; and 240 (47.4%) males and 266 (52.6%) females from private hospitals]. Patient satisfaction dimensions such as satisfaction with medical care, nursing care, organization, and overall impression were the main variables measured. A risk-adjusted multivariate analysis was applied. Results: Multiple linear regression analysis revealed as independent significant predictors of the total satisfaction of patients from public hospitals the following factors: age, length of stay in hospital in days, education, payment for additional analyzes during hospitalization and buying medications for hospital treatment. These five independent significant predictors accounted for 7.3% of the change in the total patients’ satisfaction (stepwise method - R2 = 0.073). Conversely, there were only four predictors of the total satisfaction of patients from private hospitals: length of stay in hospital in days, number of hospitalizations in the last 12 months, paying for hospitalization, and cost of hospitalization exceeds received services. Only the variables “length of hospital stay” together with “cost of hospitalization exceeds received services” as independent predictors, explained 5.3% of the variability of total satisfaction. Conclusion: Structural and qualitative characteristics of hospitals have a significant impact on patients’ satisfaction. Age, length of stay, education, payment for additional analyzes during hospitalization and the cost of hospitalization in public hospitals and length of stay, paying for hospitalization, and cost of hospitalization in private hospitals are useful predictors for total satisfaction of patients in Kosovo

Predictive factors for patient satisfaction in public and private hospitals in Kosovo

Aim: The objective of this study was to assess predictive factors for patient satisfaction with healthcare services as a measure of the quality of hospital care in public and private hospitals in Kosovo. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kosovo during 2015-2016 including a representative sample of 2585 patients older than 18 years [1010 (48.6%) males and 1069 (51.4%) females from public hospitals; and 240 (47.4%) males and 266 (52.6%) females from private hospitals]. Patient satisfaction dimensions such as satisfaction with medical care, nursing care, organization, and overall impression were the main variables measured. A risk-adjusted multivariate analysis was applied. Results: Multiple linear regression analysis revealed as independent significant predictors of the total satisfaction of patients from public hospitals the following factors: age, length of stay in hospital in days, education, payment for additional analyzes during hospitalization and buying medications for hospital treatment. These five independent significant predictors accounted for 7.3% of the change in the total patients’ satisfaction (stepwise method - R2 = 0.073). Conversely, there were only four predictors of the total satisfaction of patients from private hospitals: length of stay in hospital in days, number of hospitalizations in the last 12 months, paying for hospitalization, and cost of hospitalization exceeds received services. Only the variables “length of hospital stay” together with “cost of hospitalization exceeds received services” as independent predictors, explained 5.3% of the variability of total satisfaction. Conclusion: Structural and qualitative characteristics of hospitals have a significant impact on patients’ satisfaction. Age, length of stay, education, payment for additional analyzes during hospitalization and the cost of hospitalization in public hospitals and length of stay, paying for hospitalization, and cost of hospitalization in private hospitals are useful predictors for total satisfaction of patients in Kosovo

Violence and Injury Prevention – Challenges For Health Promotion in Macedonia

World Health Organization estimated 5.1 million deaths from injuries in 2002 in the world or 9% of all deaths, disproportionately affecting the young. These are a leading cause of premature death and DALYs at age of 5 to 45 years. In Europe injuries are third leading cause of death, after cardiovascular diseases and cancers with 800,000 or 8.3%. Injuries can be avoided and prevented. Many effective strategies can be used to target high risk groups and to reduce health consequences for victims of injuries. The health sector can play a key role in injury and violence prevention and control, by providing care and services to victims, prevention and advocacy, and engaging in partnerships with other sectors and across all levels of government and society. Decreasing the burden from injuries will require political commitment across all government levels and with this the allocation of adequate resources to take these activities forward. Future challenges for injury and violence prevention and health promotion, that the countries including Macedonia would face are: developing national action plans for unintentional injury and violence prevention, forming an intersectoral injury prevention committee, improving national surveillance system, strengthening national capacity to respond to the burden of injuries and violence through both primary prevention and care, promoting evidence-based practice by facilitating the exchange of knowledge and experience across the Region, recognize gaps in knowledge and prioritize research and development in both primary prevention and care, as well as studies on costs

Health Promotion Activities in the Republic of Macedonia

This course covers the following topics: definitions and basic concepts of health promotion, Macedonian health system and health indicators, the new Macedonian public health policy and priorities, health promotion activities regarding 12 key priorities, advantages and weaknesses of the process of health promotion and future developments

Health Promotion Activities in the Republic of Macedonia

This course covers the following topics: definitions and basic concepts of health promotion, Macedonian health system and health indicators, the new Macedonian public health policy and priorities, health promotion activities regarding 12 key priorities, advantages and weaknesses of the process of health promotion and future developments