Evoked potentials in immobilized cats to a combination of clicks with painful electrocutaneous stimuli

Averaged evoked potentials in the auditory, somatosensory, and motor cortical zones, as well as in the mesencephalic reticular formation were recorded in acute experiments on nonanesthetized, immobilized cats. Omission of the painful stimulus after a number of pairings resulted in the appearance of a delayed evoked potential, often resembling the late phases of the response to the painful stimulus. The characteristics of this response are discussed in comparison with conditioned changes of the sensory potential amplitudes

The effect of humic acids on the natural resistance of the body of broiler chickens and the quality of their meat

ArticleThe aim of the work is to study the effectiveness of the concentration of humic acids of Reasil Humic Vet feed additive on the increase of the feed bioavailability for poultry and the probability of its negative impact on the safety and marketable characteristics of the final product. Studies were conducted on the basis of the Saratov State Agrarian University in two similar groups of broiler chickens ‘Cobb 500’, 100 heads each. Poultry feeding consisted of the same complete feed, but the drinking water for the broilers of the experimental group was enriched by humates in the amount of 0.5 ml L -1 . Based on the data obtained by daily weighing of the poultry and considering the feed intake, a positive trend of the influence of the feed additive on the average daily weight gain and feed conversion per unit of production was noted. The results of slaughter and anatomical cutting of broiler carcasses revealed that metabolic processes were more active in the body of an experimental poultry, reflected in the intensive growth of muscle tissue and fat deposition, which contributed to an increase in the yield of edible parts from carcasses by 9.9%. Studies of composition of broiler blood indicate non-toxicity of the recommended concentration of humates in the feed additive, its stimulation of non-specific resistance of the organism, contributing to the functioning of the immune system and the development of internal organs and, as a consequence, ensuring the safety of the products obtained from them

Transmission of thermal imaging by using infrared bundle based on silver halide solid solution

In this study, infrared bundle consisting of seven single fibres was manufactured. Experiences on transmission of the heated object thermal image was performed. The experimental data show that there is a fundamental possibility of thermal image transmission through the infrared bundle. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Bioethics in Russia: a Complex Scientific Discipline at the Intersection of Philosophy, Biology, Culture and Law

The article describes the formation of bioethics — a complex scientific discipline — in our country. The emergence of bioethics in the world dates back to the 1970s of the 20th century, in the Soviet Union it began to take shape during the period of perestroika as part of the activities of Academician Ivan Timofeevich Frolov (1929–1999). Bioethics deals with ethical issues that arise during the introduction of the latest biomedical technologies into practice, the solution of which can have various medical, cultural, legal, and financial consequences. The latest biomedical technologies open up new possibilities for a person (heredity management, genetic passport, etc.) and put a person in a situation of choice. Their future depends on what choice people will make, and this choice is determined by the state of the culture of society. In the field of bioethics, regulation is crucial and should be comprehensive and multi-stage. Philosophers, culturologists, and ethicists formulate general principles of regulation based on the ideology of humanism. Further on, scientists consider these recommendations and develop appropriate codes of conduct, while lawyers consolidate the new understanding within the legal system. The formation of such an integrated approach in Russia took place within the framework of scientific structures created by Academician I. T. Frolov, — the AllUnion Interdepartmental Center for Human Sciences, the Institute of Man of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Russian National Committee on Bioethics (RNKB), the Russian Committee on Bioethics under the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO. In these structures, expert work was carried out on the main documents related to the interaction of the Russian Federation with the Council of Europe in the field of bioethics. RNKB prepared expert opinions for the Department of European Cooperation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation and the Department for International Humanitarian Cooperation and Human Rights of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation regarding Russia's accession to international conventions on bioethics

Crecimiento de Eucalyptus Bethamii Maiden & Cambage fertilizado con N y P en albardones del Delta del Paraná

El Eucalyptus benthamii se destaca por su mayor tolerancia a bajas temperaturas y heladas generando un potencial para expandir la frontera forestal de los Eucalyptus en regiones, como el Delta del Paraná. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la respuesta de E. benthamii a la fertilización con nitrógeno (N) y fósforo (P), a los 41 meses después de la misma. Se instaló un experimento en albardones del Delta del Paraná, en Zárate, Provincia de Buenos Aires. Se dispuso un diseño factorial con 2 factores (N y P) con 3 niveles cada uno, dispuestos en 4 bloques completos al azar. El N se aplicó como urea (0, 21 y 42 g N planta-1) y el P como superfosfato triple (0, 18 y 36 g P planta-1). Se relevó el diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) de todas las plantas y la altura total de 6 plantas por parcela. Se estimó la altura total de todas las plantas y se calculó el área basal (AB) por hectárea. Se analizaron los valores mediante ANVA factorial. La fertilización fosforada no generó diferencias en la altura de las plantas totales, ni entre las dominantes. La fertilización nitrogenada incrementó la altura total de las plantas como en las dominantes, el DAP y el AB. El incremento en la dosis de N no generó una mayor respuesta. Las alturas de las plantas fueron de 10,4, 11,0 y 11,2 m para los tratamientos 0N, 21N y 42 N, respectivamente. El AB fue de 12,9, 15,8 y 17,4 m2 ha-1 para los tratamientos 0N, 21N y 42 N, respectivamente. No hubo interacción significativa entre N y P. Los datos encontrados sirven para conocer el comportamiento de una especie no difundida en nuestro país, mostrando un crecimiento razonable en su primera etapa.Fil: Lupi, Ana Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil Rimski Korsakov, Helena. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Fosco, I. Arauco Argentina SA; ArgentinaFil: García Conde, J.M. Profesional independiente; Argentin

Respuesta del Eucalyptus bethamii a la fertilización inicial en albardones del Delta del Paraná

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la respuesta de E. benthamii, especie tolerante al frio, a la fertilización con nitrógeno (N) y fósforo (P), a los 17 meses desde la fertilización, en Albardones del Delta del Paraná, Provincia de Buenos Aires. Se instaló un experimento bajo un diseño factorial con 2 factores (N y P) con 3 niveles cada uno, dispuestos en 4 bloques completos al azar. El N se aplicó como urea (0, 21 y 42 g N planta-1) y el P como superfosfato triple (0, 18 y 36 g P planta-1). No se encontró interacción entre los factores analizados (N y P) en ninguna de las variables medidas. A los 17 meses de la fertilización, el agregado de P no generó diferencias en la altura de las plantas totales, ni entre las dominantes (25% más altas de la parcela). La altura media de las plantas fue de 514 cm y de las dominantes 636 cm. La fertilización nitrogenada sí presentó incrementos en la altura tanto considerando el plantel total de las plantas como en las dominantes. El incremento en la dosis de N no generó una mayor respuesta. Las alturas de las plantas fueron de 457, 540 y 547 cm para los tratamientos 0N, 21N y 42 N, respectivamente. La fertilización no afectó el número de fallas. A los 12 meses de la fertilización se realizó un muestreo foliar y se encontró que la fertilización no afectó significativamente las concentraciones foliares de N y P mientras que sí lo hicieron las concentraciones de K, Ca y Mg. Las relaciones entre nutrientes foliares también pueden emplearse para analizar el estado nutricional de las plantas. Los datos encontrados sirven para conocer el comportamiento de una especie no difundida en nuestro país, mostrando un crecimiento razonable en su primera etapa.Fil: Lupi, Ana Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil Rimski Korsakov, Helena. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Fosco, I. Arauco Argentina SA; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Conde, J.M. Profesional independiente; Argentin

Identification and synthesis of metabolites of the new antiglaucoma drug

The determination of biotransformation products is an essential part of the preclinical trial of original medicines. These studies have not been conducted before for the new drug 5-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-1,2-oxazole-3-yl]-furan-2-sulfonamide. Identification and synthesis of metabolite substances are necessary for subsequent tests of bioavailability, linearity of pharmacokinetics, accumulation, distribution and excretio

Development of quantification methods of a new selective carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor in plasma and blood and study of the pharmacokinetics of its ophthalmic suspension in rats

The developed methods have been fully validated according to the requirements of Russian and internatonal guidelines and have been successfully used for pharmacokinetic research. It was found that a content of 4-(2-methyl-1,3-oxazole-5-yl)-benzenesulfonamide and its main metabolite in whole blood is significantly higher than in plasm

Spectral oil analyzer

We worked out a spectral oil analyzer, implemented the method of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which allow simultaneous detecting characteristic peaks of water absorption and sulfur-containing substances in oil within the wavelength range from 0.2 to 25.0 μm. The usage of fiber-optic delivering channels makes it possible to produce online industrial probes for the control of chemical composition and concentration, what is demanded at oil producing platforms and oil refinery plants. As identifiers, we used the most intense absorption peaks of water (λ - 1.45 μm, 1.95 μm, 3.00 μm, 6.00 μm), oil (λ - 1.72 μm, 2.31 μm, 3.41 μm) and sulfur-containing heterocycles (λ - 8.00 μm). The spectral analyzer consists of a broadband-light source, a flow-cell, a fiber-optic assembly, narrow-band optical filters and photodetectors. For delivering a broadband optical signal, a fiber-optic assembly was developed. It comprises silica fibers and polycrystalline fibers derived from solid solutions of silver and thallium (I) halides. It was calculated the effective area and diameter of each fiber type in the assembly, taking into account attenuation coefficients and overall optical losses of the system. Using eight channels for the probe at the same time, we were able to measure the content of water and sulfur-containing substances in oil in concentrations from 0.1 to 100.0 wt %. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 18-73-10063This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation under grant No. 18-73-10063

Predicting the subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in overweight and obese patients using a machine learning model

Aim. To develop a model for predicting the subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (SCA) in order to refine cardiovascular risk (CVR) using machine learning methods in overweight and obese patients without hypertension, diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD).Material and methods. Anonymized database (DB) Webiomed (2.9 million patients) was used. There were following inclusion criteria: age ≥18 years, body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, availability of data on ultrasound of extracranial arteries. Patients with hypertension, diabetes and/or CVD were excluded from the analysis. Data on 5750 patients were selected, of which atherosclerotic plaques were detected in 385 people. The final data set contained information on 447 patients, 197 (44,1%) of which had SCA. Quantitative and categorical traits for model training were taken with 40% occupancy in the database. The number of final traits for machine learning was 28. When creating the model, 3 Random Forest algorithms, AdaBoostClassifier, KNeighborsClassifier and the Scikit-learn library were used. To improve the model performance, the fill missing function was used. The target parameters of the model were given a predictive ability (accuracy) of at least 75%, while the area under the ROC curve was at least 0,75.Results. The resulting dataset was divided into training and test parts in a ratio of 80:20. Depending on the applied algorithms, the learned model was characterized by a predictive ability of 75-97%, sensitivity of 77-92%, specificity of 80-98%, and area under the ROC-curve of 0,88-0,97. Taking into account the accuracy metrics, the best results were obtained for the model learned by the Random Forest algorithm (95%, 92%, 98% and 0,95, respectively).Conclusion. The developed model can help a physician make a decision to refer an overweight and obese patient without cardiovascular diseases for ultrasound of extracranial arteries, which contributes to a more accurate CVR stratification. The introduction of such risk stratification algorithms into practice will increase the accuracy and quality of CVR prediction and optimize the system of preventive measures