Distribution of deformations and parameters of stress-strain state in steel Kh18N10T

Parameters of the laws of distribution of fields of micro- and submicrodeformations in steel Kh18N10T are determined under uniaxial tension of specimens. The components of the plastic strain tensor and their statistics are determined for grain arrays and in the plane of four individual grains. The intensities of the major micro-and submicrodeformations are computed. The correlation relations between the deformations of individual volumes of metal inside grains are estimated. The parameters of the strain-stress states of structural components (grains) of a polycrystal are determined. Qualitative analysis of the microstructural features of deformation of the steel studied is performed. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

A Permit Allocation Contest for a Tradable Pollution Permit Market

In this paper we advocate a new initial allocation mechanism for a tradable pollution permit market. We outline a Permit Allocation Contest (PAC) that distributes permits to firms based on their rank relative to other firms. This ranking is achieved by ordering firms based on an observable 'external action' where the external action is an activity or characteristic of the firm that is independent of their choice of emissions in the tradeable permit market. We show that this mechanism efficiently allocates permits and, as a result, the tradeable permit market is cost-effective. We determine the symmetric equilibrium strategy of each firm in choosing their external action and find the choice is influenced by the firm's cost structure and the regulator's choice of permit allocation schedule (distribution of permits to the market). Furthermore, we investigate the factors that determine the regulator's choice of optimal permit allocation schedules.Rank-order contests, pollution permits, initial allocation

Тематический горизонт исследования языковой реальности: контекст неклассической философии языка

The article defines the specifics of the non-classical paradigm of the philosophy of language, in the problematic field of which the language is presented as a creative process and a form of development of the spirit, spiritual creativity and acquisition the truth. Reveal-ing the specifics of the non-classical stage of the philosophy of language, within the limits of which the language is characterized as creative processuality, the author shows that the ener-gy of the spirit, manifesting its spontaneity in the language, unattainable in its spontaneity, makes the language alive. It is shown that the philosophy of language as an independent science begins the countdown with the works of W. von Humboldt, while at an earlier stage, language was the subject of analysis in the context of general epistemological issues. The author analyzes the role of F. de Saussure in the development of the philosophy of language, reveals the role of the linguis-tic revolution in the transformation of the paradigm of the metaphysics of language. It is shown that, starting from the linguistic turn, a new problematic is introduced into the philos-ophy of language: an approach has been formed in the problem field of non-classical philos-ophy, within which the language was given the status of an alternative to the Cartesian cogi-to. It was the linguistic turn that was the stage of transition to the new problems of the philosophy of language, which made the subject of study the contexts and premises of utter-ances, objectified language structures, the polysemy and everyday functioning of the lan-guage, the functions of the language (including political functions). A departure from the epistemological and psychological component of research is associated with a linguistic turn, interest in the meaning and meaning was formed, and the language itself was interpreted as the ultimate ontological basis of thinking. Structuralism, hermeneutics, linguistic philosophy turned to the study of language. As a result of the linguistic turn, philosophical problems ac-quired a different orientation and began to search for philosophical problems through an ap-peal to the ontology of linguistic phenomena

Management of food cold chains traceability amid the COVID-19 pandemic

The present article considers the functioning of food supply chains and their major component — a continuous cold chain of perishable food products, including meat products, under the conditions of COVID‑19 pandemic. The issues of the impact of the pandemic on production, processing and commercial supply of meat and meat products in Russia and worldwide are being considered. The traceability of temperature fluctuations in meat processing plants is relevant; it becomes an increasingly important factor for efficient logistics to provide the best supply and to keep the food safe in the current conditions. Research data is presented here. The results of the research show that frozen foods serve as carriers and distributors of SARS-CoV‑2 infection without any contact between people. This conclusion highlights additional challenges in controlling the spread of COVID‑19 worldwide, and reveals the mechanism of the disease transmission, taking into account the peculiarities of temperature modes during storage and transportation of perishable meat products. The risks of food cold chains functioning under the conditions of pandemic, the adaptive strategies for their mitigation and logistical systems of tracking are considered, in particular, the application of various data technologies

Determination of oxygen in silicon and carbide by activation with 27.2 meV alpha particles

The Si sample was polished on one side, and on the other side Ni was applied chemically and soldered with Pb to a water cooled Cu substrate. Optical quartz standard was fixed from the other side. Si carbide samples were soldered to a substrated with In. The prepared samples were irradiated in a cyclotron with a 27.2 MeV alpha particle beam. The layers were removed from the Si and Si carbide samples by grinding and the positron activity of F-18(t sub 1/2 110 min) was measured by using a gamma, gamma coincidence spectrometer with two NaI(TI) crystals. For analysis of Si carbide, the activity decay curve of the samples was recorded to find the contribution of the positron activity of Cu-65(t sub 1/2 12.9 hr) which formed from Ni impurity on irradiation

Ideals and principles of common wellbeing under social and humanistic paradigm

We attempt to specify ideals and principles of common wellbeing: saving economy, political attendance, full employment, education, equitable distribution. As a part of the study we have formulated the concept of so-called "other" society under the social-humanistic paradigm. As it was mentioned earlier, social systems can be described as open-end ones, which implies their constant interaction with environment expressed via matter, energy, and information exchange. Because of that, the functional and developmental regulations are characterized by the presence of constant alteration as well, which stipulates the high complexity of structuring valid prognoses. Subject vs. object feedback determines special peculiarities of social prognosis, namely, the ones that are capable of either self-fulfillment of self-destruction of prognostic model. In other words, the predicted future influences the actual future. In the conditions of the increasing instability and dynamics of social processes especially urgent is the problem of adequacy of innovative model. The specific feature of modern innovative processes is the fact that any information about the features of their occurrence is extremely fast becoming obsolete that, in turn, leads to the increase the gap between reality and model

Adaptation problems experienced by international students in aspect of quality management

Regulation and problems of adaptation are considered in research in aspect of high-quality management. The object of research is foreign students. Adaptation challenges a person's sense of well-being. Research defines satisfaction as a global assessment of quality of human life. This assessment is based on criteria of the person. systems; in these conditions the development of effective mechanisms of adaptation in the unstable external environment is possible on the assumption of use of co-evolutionary - innovative processes. The recommendations about the creation on the basis of these processes of effective mechanisms of adaptation of social systems to instability conditions are developed. On the basis of a systematic approach in the article explores innovative models of behavior as a way of effective adaptation of social systems in an unstable environment, based on the principle of co-evolutionary innovation. It is shown that the modern period is characterized by the growth of the dynamics and complexity of the interaction of social systems; in these conditions, the development of effective adaptation mechanisms in an unstable environment can be provided the use of evolutionary processes and innovation. To evaluate the potential use of evolutionary processes and innovation to create effective mechanisms for the adaptation of social systems in an unstable environment

Lobbying as a form of political dialogue in Ukrainian society

The article considers lobbyism problems in the  Ukraine, defining such notions as lobbyism, an object and a subject of lobbyism, lobbyism process. It explains both positive and negative sides of lobbyism, describes basic forms and methods of lobbyist activities, and also the ways of lobbyism legal regulation. Questions related to the practice of lobbyism in Ukraine are very vital and require answers from the side of concerned specialists of economic and political community.У статті розглянуто проблеми лобізму в Україні. Розкриваються такі поняття як: лобізм, об'єкт і суб'єкт лобізму, процес лобізму. Докладно висвітлені як позитивні, так і негативні сторони лобізму, описані основні форми і методи лобістської діяльності, шляхи вирішення правового регулювання лобізму. Актуальність питань, пов'язаних з практикою лобізму в Україні, вимагає відповіді на них з боку зацікавлених фахівців економічного і політичного співтовариства

Interdisciplinary competences and their status role in the system of higher professional education

The authors examine the role of interdisciplinary competences in the development of higher education on the basis of the analysis of their integrative nature, nature and characteristics. The role of monitoring and indicators in the assessment of students’ knowledge obtained through the use of interdisciplinary competences is revealed. The importance of interdisciplinary models by identifying the stages of implementation of practice-oriented communicative approach in teaching is exposed. The problems of interdisciplinary competences are discussed in the context of forming tolerance and minimizing risk-taking in society. Against the backdrop of youth's problems the issue of educational reform is put forward and solved from the perspective of interdisciplinary, systematic, integrity. In the authors’ opinion, the formation of multi-disciplinary competencies, which would have formed the basis of social tolerance, is relevant to present day