Molecular Weight Distribution Modeling in Step Growth Polymerization of Oligomers

An approach to modeling the oligomer composition distribution function in the irreversible step growth homopolymerization process based on a mixture of oligomers of arbitrary composition is developed. The approach is based on consideration of probabilities of processes in the system, proceeding on the principle of P. Flory and obtaining on this basis an infinite system of differential equations linking mole fractions of each oligomer of a finite mixture with the degree of transformation.Comment: Libre Office.org 7.5, pdf, 19 pages, 3 figure

Відмежування втягнення неповнолітніх у злочинну діяльність (ст. 304 КК України) від суміжних складів злочинів

Кондратов, Д. Ю. Відмежування втягнення неповнолітніх у злочинну діяльність (ст. 304 КК України) від суміжних складів злочинів / Д. Ю. Кондратов // Вісник Кримінологічної асоціації України. - 2014. - № 6. - С. 53-62.У статті, на основі аналізу діючих кримінально-правових приписів та спеціальної наукової літератури, зроблена спроба вирішити питання правильної кваліфікації діянь, що спрямовані на втягнення неповнолітніх у злочинну діяльність (ст. 304 КК України), а також їх відмежування від суміжних складів злочинів.The paper is an attempt to solve the problem of correct qualification of acts directed at the involvement of minors in criminal activity (Article 304 of Penal Code of Ukraine), and their separation from contiguous compositions of crimes. The empirical base of the paper includes current legislation on criminal liability and special scientific literature.В статье, на основе анализа действующего законодательства об уголовной ответственности и специальной научной литературы, сделана попытка решения вопроса о правильной квалификации деяний, направленных на вовлечение несовершеннолетних в преступную деятельность (ст. 304 УК Украины), а также их отграничения от смежных составов преступлений

Суб’єкт злочину, передбаченого ст. 163 КК України

Кондратов, Д. Ю. Суб’єкт злочину, передбаченого ст. 163 КК України / Д. Ю. Кондратов // Вісник Кримінологічної асоціації України. - 2014. - № 7. - С. 50-62.У статті, на основі аналізу діючих кримінально-правових приписів та спеціальної наукової літератури, проведено аналіз обов’язкових ознак суб’єкта злочину, передбаченого ч. 1 ст. 163 КК. З’ясовано, що ним є загальний суб’єкт, а у випадках, передбачених ч. 2 ст. 163 КК, цей злочин може вчинюватися загальним суб’єктом із додатковими ознаками.The article, based on an analysis of the current legislation on criminal liability and special scientific literature, analysis of the essential characteristics of the subject of an offense under Part. 1 tbsp. 163 of the Criminal Code. Found that it is a common subject, and in the cases stipulated hours. 2 tbsp. 163 of the Criminal Code, it is a crime to be committed to the general subject of additional features.В статье, на основе анализа действующего законодательства об уголовной ответственности и специальной научной литературы, проведен анализ обязательных признаков субъекта преступления, предусмотренного ч. 1 ст. 163 УК. Выяснено, что им является общий субъект, а в случаях, предусмотренных ч. 2 ст. 163 УК, это преступление может быть совершено общим субъектом с дополнительными признаками

Таємниця кореспонденції як предмет злочину, передбаченого статтею 163 Кримінального кодексу України

Кондратов, Д. Ю. Таємниця кореспонденції як предмет злочину, передбаченого статтею 163 Кримінального кодексу України / Д. Ю. Кондратов // Вісник Кримінологічної асоціації України. - 2015. - № 1 (9). - С. 94-107.У статті розглянуто основні теоретичні позиції з питання щодо предмета злочину, виділено основні ознаки таємниці та надано її загальноправового визначення. Автор аналізує основні характеристики таємниці кореспонденції та пропонує розуміння даного виду таємниці як предмета злочину, передбаченого ст. 163 КК України.Studying the crime object assists to a deeper and correct elucidation of the essence of the crime object, its specificity. Many of the criminal and legal norms are designed in such a way that their object of criminal and legal protection is not called. In such cases, the reference to the crime object assists its ascertainment. Although there was usually paid enough attention to studying the crime object within the science of criminal law, however, this problem is considered as one of the most controversial and insufficiently explored. Most of scholars both in the Soviet period and today like OM.. Trainin, M.I. Zahorodnikov, M.I. Panov and others believe that the crime object is any things of the material world with certain properties, when the law on criminal liability links the presence of crime features in a person’s specific actions. However, the recent studies of M.V. Anchukova, O.P. Horpyniuk, O.E. Radutnyi, Ye.V. Lashchuk, S.O. Orlov, O.S. Samoilova and other researchers show the tendency to expand the definition of the object due to the emersion of new independent features within corpus delicti, namely electric and thermal energy, information, etc. The article’s objective is an attempt to distinguish the main characteristics of the correspondence secrecy and to offer comprehension of this type of secret as the crime object under the Art. 163 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The author believes that information making the correspondence secrecy should be of personal character. The information that is the object of correspondence secrecy is confidential, so it contains information that may be disclosed only with the permission of a citizen – the owner or holder of this information. The right to correspondence secrecy is absolute, so the subjects who are to keep the correspondence secrecy are indefinite number of persons. Unauthorized access to correspondence secrecy causes negative consequences for persons who are involved in it. Obligatory feature of information that composes the correspondence secrecy is the way of its transfer – it has been already transferred or is just being transmitted by any mean of communication (E-mail, telephone, telegraph, using a computer, etc.). There is criminal liability (the Art. 163 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) for illegal violation of the correspondence secrecy, telephone conversations, telegraph and other correspondence that is transmitted by the means of communication or computer Having analyzed the above mentioned features and basing on the common law definition of the secrecy, the following understanding of correspondence secrecy as the crime object under the Art. 163 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is offered. Correspondence secrecy is confidential personal information that has been already transferred or is just being transferred by means of communication or through the computer, unlawful acknowledgement of which may harm the interests of the owner (holder), as a result the access to it is limited in accordance with the legislation of Ukraine and there is criminal liability for unauthorized violation of confidence.В статье рассмотрены основные теоретические позиции по вопросу о предмете преступления, выделены основные признаки тайны и представлено ее общеправовое определение. Автор анализирует основные характеристики тайны корреспонденции и предлагает понимание данного вида тайны в качестве предмета преступления, предусмотренного ст. 163 УК Украины

Caloric Restriction Effects on Liver mTOR Signaling are Time‐of‐day Dependent

The regulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling contributes to the metabolic effects of a calorie restriction (CR) diet. We assayed the effect of CR on the activity of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) in the liver of mice at six different times across the day. CR effects on mTORC1 and mTORC2 activities were time-of-day dependent. CR induced mTORC1 activity at one time, reduced at two times and has no effect during other times. CR induced mTORC2 activity at one time of the day and has no effects at other times. Circadian clocks are implemented in the regulation of mTOR signaling in mammals and mechanisms of CR. We assayed the effect of CR on mTOR signaling in the liver of mice deficient for circadian transcriptional regulators BMAL1 and CRYs. The CR induced suppression of mTORC1 activity was observed in both clock mutants, while up regulation of mTORC2 was observed in the liver of CRY deficient but not in the liver of BMAL1 deficient mice. Our finding revealed that CR has different time dependent effect on the activity of mTOR complexes 1 and 2 and suggest that circadian clock protein BMAL1 is involved in the up regulation of mTORC2 upon CR in mammals

Caloric Restriction Effects on Liver mTOR Signaling are Time‐of‐day Dependent

The regulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling contributes to the metabolic effects of a calorie restriction (CR) diet. We assayed the effect of CR on the activity of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) in the liver of mice at six different times across the day. CR effects on mTORC1 and mTORC2 activities were time-of-day dependent. CR induced mTORC1 activity at one time, reduced at two times and has no effect during other times. CR induced mTORC2 activity at one time of the day and has no effects at other times. Circadian clocks are implemented in the regulation of mTOR signaling in mammals and mechanisms of CR. We assayed the effect of CR on mTOR signaling in the liver of mice deficient for circadian transcriptional regulators BMAL1 and CRYs. The CR induced suppression of mTORC1 activity was observed in both clock mutants, while up regulation of mTORC2 was observed in the liver of CRY deficient but not in the liver of BMAL1 deficient mice. Our finding revealed that CR has different time dependent effect on the activity of mTOR complexes 1 and 2 and suggest that circadian clock protein BMAL1 is involved in the up regulation of mTORC2 upon CR in mammals

Analytical Solution for Bending and Free Vibrations of an Orthotropic Nanoplate based on the New Modified Couple Stress Theory and the Third-order Plate Theory

In the present work, the equations of motion of a thin orthotropic nanoplate were obtained based on the new modified couple stress theory and the third-order shear deformation plate theory. The nanoplate was considered as a size-dependent orthotropic plate. The governing equations were derived using the dynamic version of Hamilton’s principle and natural boundary conditions were formulated. An analytical solution in the form of a double Fourier series was obtained for a simply supported rectangular nanoplate. The eigenvalue problem was set and solved. It was analytically shown that the displacements of the median surface points in the plane of the plate do not depend on the material length scale parameters in the same directions; these in-plane directional displacements depend on the material length scale parameter in the out-of-plane direction only. On the other hand, the out-of-plane directional displacement depends on the length scale parameter in the plane directions only. The cross-section rotation angles depend on all length scale parameters. It was shown that the size-dependent parameters only have a noticeable effect on the deformed state of the plate if their order is not less than the order (plate height)-1

Analytical Solution for Bending and Free Vibrations of an Orthotropic Nanoplate based on the New Modified Couple Stress Theory and the Third-order Plate Theory

In the present work, the equations of motion of a thin orthotropic nanoplate were obtained based on the new modified couple stress theory and the third-order shear deformation plate theory. The nanoplate was considered as a size-dependent orthotropic plate. The governing equations were derived using the dynamic version of Hamilton’s principle and natural boundary conditions were formulated. An analytical solution in the form of a double Fourier series was obtained for a simply supported rectangular nanoplate. The eigenvalue problem was set and solved. It was analytically shown that the displacements of the median surface points in the plane of the plate do not depend on the material length scale parameters in the same directions; these in-plane directional displacements depend on the material length scale parameter in the out-of-plane direction only. On the other hand, the out-of-plane directional displacement depends on the length scale parameter in the plane directions only. The cross-section rotation angles depend on all length scale parameters. It was shown that the size-dependent parameters only have a noticeable effect on the deformed state of the plate if their order is not less than the order (plate height)-1

La persistance du soviétique dans le discours politique des dirigeants de la Russie contemporaine sur les technologies de l’information et de la communication

Malgré le démantèlement de l’URSS il y a plus de vingt ans, le soviétique est toujours fortement présent dans tous les domaines de la société russe contemporaine. Selon l’hypothèse qui nous développons dans cet article, cette persistance du soviétique se manifeste notamment par la reconstruction des éléments discursifs soviétiques dans les discours publics officiels. Notre analyse des discours des dirigeants post-soviétiques sur les nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication (NTIC) et l’Internet montre l’existence de deux facettes de ces discours : celle du traditionalisme imitatif présent dans les discours de Vladimir Poutine, et celle de la rhétorique de modernisation technologique véhiculée par les discours de Dmitri Medvedev. Cet article interroge également la place attribuée aux NTIC dans le discours politique des présidents russes nommés ci-dessus.This article studies the place of the Information and communications technology (ICT) in contemporary political discourse of the leaders of the modern Russian state. With the arrival of Vladimir Putin to power in December 1999, the Soviet spirit is to come back in contemporary Russia. According to our hypothesis, this spirit is not manifested by real restoring of the soviet institutions but by the reconstruction of “soviet” discursive elements. Our analysis shows the existence of two types of this discourse: that of “imitative traditionalism” (Vladimir Putin) and the rhetoric of “technological modernization” (Dmitry Medvedev). These discourses are two faces of the ideology of sovereign democracy. They are complementary and they legitimize the established social order