Lifetime psychiatric diagnoses among adolescents with severe conduct problems-A register-based follow-up study

Background: Both delinquency and out-of-home care (OOHC) are associated with a wide spectrum of psychiatric disorders. Reform schools (RS) are Finnish OOHC institutions for adolescents with severe conduct problems. Objective: We investigated the prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses among individuals with a history of RS placement. Participants and setting: The data consisted of individuals placed in a RS on the last day of the years 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006 or 2011 (N = 1074) and a matched comparison group (N = 5313). Methods: Information on lifetime psychiatric diagnoses, grouped into eight categories, was collected from the nationwide health care registry. The follow-up time ranged from 17 to 44 years. Results: Among RS population, 59.5 % had some psychiatric diagnosis, which was 12-fold compared to general population peers (hazard ratio HR = 12.4). The most prevalent categories were Conduct disorders and/or ADHD (30.7 %, HR = 41.5), Substance use disorders (29.3 %, HR = 16.8,), Other childhood disorders (8.6 %, HR = 11.9) and Personality disorders (10.9 %, HR = 11.6) followed by Mental retardation (6.4 %, HR = 8.4), Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (9.7 %, HR = 7.9), Affective disorders (17.9 %, HR = 7.3), and Disorders of psychological development (6.1 %, HR = 4.4). All differences were statistically significant (p < .001). Conclusions: RS background associates with an excess of psychiatric disorders, which adds to the burden of other known risk factors for adult age well-being. Effective screening and intervention for psychiatric problems should be available both during the RS placement and after-care.Peer reviewe

Vanhuksen gerastenia - tunnista riskipotilas

•Gerastenia on useiden elinjärjestelmien toiminnan heikentymisestä ja reservien hiipumisesta aiheutuva oireyhtymä, joka nivoutuu osin päällekkäin monisairastavuuden ja toimintakyvyn laskun kanssa. •Pienikin stressitekijä, kuten infektio tai uusi lääke, voi romahduttaa haurastuneen elimistön tasapainon ja johtaa toimintakyvyn laskuun, deliriumiin, kaatumisiin, sairaalahoitoon ja itsenäisyyden menetykseen. •Gerastenia voidaan määritellä usealla eri tavalla, joista tunnetuimmat ovat fenotyyppimalli ja toiminnan vajeista sekä sairauksista laskettuun Frailty-indeksiin perustuva malli. •Gerastenian varhainen tunnistaminen sekä kokonaisvaltainen geriatrinen arviointi ja yksilöllinen hoito¬suunnitelma auttavat estämään toimintakyvyn laskua entisestään.Peer reviewe

Roux-en-Y versus one-anastomosis gastric bypass (RYSA study) : weight loss, metabolic improvements, and nutrition at 1 year after surgery, a multicenter randomized controlled trial

Objective: Although it has been suggested that one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is metabolically superior to the “gold standard,” i.e., Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), there is little robust evidence to prove it. Because this result may arise from the typically longer length of bypassed intestine in OAGB, here, the authors standardized the bypass length in RYGB and OAGB and compared weight loss and metabolic outcomes in a randomized controlled trial. Methods: The authors randomized 121 bariatric patients to RYGB (n = 61) or OAGB (n = 60) in two Finnish University Hospitals and measured weight; body composition; metabolic features (insulin sensitivity, lipids, inflammation, nutrition); and comorbidities before and 6 and 12 months after the operation. Results: Total weight loss was similar in RYGB and OAGB at 6 months (mean: 21.2% [95% CI: 19.4–23.0] vs. 22.8% [95% CI: 21.5–24.1], p = 0.136) and 12 months (25.4% [95% CI: 23.4–27.5] vs. 26.1% [95% CI: 24.2–28.9], p = 0.635). Insulin sensitivity, lipids, and inflammation improved similarly between the groups (p > 0.05). Remission of type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia was marked and similar (p > 0.05) but the use of antihypertensive medications was lower (p = 0.037) and hypertension tended to improve more (p = 0.053) with RYGB versus OAGB at 12 months. Higher rates of vitamin D-25 deficiency (p < 0.05) and lower D-25 levels were observed with OAGB versus RYGB throughout the follow-up (p < 0.001). No differences in adverse effects were observed. Conclusions: RYGB and OAGB were comparable in weight loss, metabolic improvement, remission of diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, and nutrition at 1-year follow-up. Vitamin D-25 deficiency was more prevalent with OAGB, whereas reduction in antihypertensive medications and hypertension was greater with RYGB. There is no need to change the current practices of RYGB in favor of OAGB.Peer reviewe