Re-Growth Yield and Nutritive Value of Winter Cereals

Cereal crops can be grazed in early winter or early spring when feed is scarce, or to utilize their high feeding value. In the early spring of 2011, the re-growth yield and nutritive value of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum), oat (Avena sativa L.), and triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) grown in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey, were evaluated after three successive weekly harvests (Cut 1, Cut 2, Cut 3) during the tillering to stem elongation stages. Plants were cut at a height of 5 cm then allowed to re-grow until when they were harvested again at the dough stage on 18 June. Dry matter (DM) production (kg/ha) and nutritive value of forage were compared to plots that were uncut (No Cut). Re-growth yield (DM t/ha) decreased (P \u3c 0.01) almost linearly with the delay in cutting time for each crop, but at different (P \u3c 0.01) rates. Re-growth was reduced by up to 72% in Cut 3 compared with No Cut. The cell-wall components of plant tissues decreased (P \u3c 0.001) in re-growth after Cut 2 and Cut 3 compared with No Cut. In-vitro DM digestibility was lowest (P \u3c 0.001) in cereals with No Cut at the dough stage. The results suggest that winter cereals can be grazed up to the stem elongation stage without causing large reductions in the overall forage yield. The fodder obtained from material re-grown after the initial grazing may also offer higher-quality feed for livestock than ungrazed crops

Betting is loving and bettors are predators: a conceptual metaphor approach to online sports betting advertising

The legalisation of online gambling in multiple territories has caused a growth in the exposure of consumers to online sports betting (OSB) advertising. While some efforts have been made to understand the visible structure of betting promotional messages, little is known about the latent components of OSB advertisements. The present study sought to address this issue by examining the metaphorical conceptualisation of OSB advertising. A sample of Spanish and British television OSB advertisements from 2014 to 2016 was analysed (N = 133). Following Lakoff and Johnson’s conceptual metaphor theory, four main structural metaphors that shaped how OSB advertising can be understood were identified: betting as (1) an act of love, (2) a market, (3) a sport, and (4) a natural environment. In general, these metaphors, which were found widely across 29 different betting brands, facilitated the perception of bettors as active players, with an executive role in the sport events bet upon, and greater control over bet outcomes

Electrocardiographic changes in primary spontaneous pneumothorax

WOS: 000339225600019Background: This study aims to evaluate the electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Methods: A total of 48 patients (42 males, 6 females; mean age 29.7 +/- 12.5 years, range 15 to 58 years) with PSP were prospectively analyzed between November 2010 and November 2011. Pneumothorax size was calculated using the Rhea method. At least two standard 12-lead ECG were obtained for each patient (after the diagnosis of pneumothorax and prior to drain placement - ECG(pneumothorax), and after a complete re-expansion of the lung was achieved and confirmed radiologically - ECG(re-expanded)). P wave measurement, PR distance, QRS distance, QT interval and QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) were calculated. Heart rate (bpm), axis deviation measurement and the QRS amplitudes (QRSV1-6) in precordial leads were calculated. Results: There were 29 cases (60.4%) of left-sided and 19 cases (39.6%) of right-sided pneumothorax. The mean relative volume of pneumothorax was 43.0 +/- 21.5%. The most common symptoms included chest pain in 34 patients (70.8%) and dyspnea in 14 patients (29.2%). The pneumothorax duration was 24 hours in 18 patients (37.5%). There was a statistically significant difference between before and after the treatment for QT duration, axis deviation, heart rate, QRSV1, QRSV4, QRSV5 and QRSV6 (respectively; p=0.001, p=0.023, p=0.001, p=0.010, p=0.046, p=0.000, p=0.008). A total of seven patients had relevant QRS abnormalities including incomplete right bundle branch block in three patients, ST elevation in two patients and T-wave pointedness in one patient. Conclusion: Our study results suggest that left and right lung pneumothorax may cause axis variation, which is more pronounced in women, and that voltage increases after drainage in QRSV 4, 5 and 6 leads. In addition, pneumothorax may lead to specific ECG variations such as right bundle branch block and ST variations

Deterioration of Heart Rate Recovery Index in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Objective. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder resulting in multisystemic inflammatory damage. It is reported that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are responsible for 20%-30% of deaths in patients with SLE. Heart rate recovery after exercise is a function of vagal reactivation, and its impairment is an independent prognostic indicator for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. The aim of our study was to evaluate the heart rate recovery index in patients with SLE

Frequency of azole resistance in clinical and environmental strains of Aspergillus fumigatus in Turkey: a multicentre study

Objectives Aspergillus fumigatus causes several diseases in humans and azole resistance in A. fumigatus strains is an important issue. The aim of this multicentre epidemiological study was to investigate the prevalence of azole resistance in clinical and environmental A. fumigatus isolates in Turkey. Methods Twenty-one centres participated in this study from 1 May 2018 to 1 October 2019. One participant from each centre was asked to collect environmental and clinical A. fumigatus isolates. Azole resistance was screened for using EUCAST agar screening methodology (EUCAST E.DEF 10.1) and was confirmed by the EUCAST E.DEF 9.3 reference microdilution method. Isolates with a phenotypic resistance pattern were sequenced for the cyp51A gene and microsatellite genotyping was used to determine the genetic relationships between the resistant strains. Results In total, resistance was found in 1.3% of the strains that were isolated from environmental samples and 3.3% of the strains that were isolated from clinical samples. Mutations in the cyp51A gene were detected in 9 (47.4%) of the 19 azole-resistant isolates, all of which were found to be TR34/L98H mutations. Microsatellite genotyping clearly differentiated the strains with the TR34/L98H mutation in the cyp51A gene from the strains with no mutation in this gene. Conclusions The rate of observed azole resistance of A. fumigatus isolates was low in this study, but the fact that more than half of the examined strains had the wild-type cyp51A gene supports the idea that other mechanisms of resistance are gradually increasing