The Relationship Between Measures of Impulsivity and Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder

The current article presents findings on the interaction between impulsivity features and clinical characteristics of patients with alcohol use disorders (AUD). Patients (n = 88), who were completing detoxification program for the symptoms of AUD, were recruited for the study. They completed biographical questionnaire, Penn CravingScale (PACS), self-report screening measure of the symptoms of adult ADHD (ASRS v.1.1) and underwent a series of experimental tasks (Delay Discounting Task (DDT), Stroop Task, Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs (CPT-IP), Tower of London (ToL)). Two distinct groups of impulsivity features were identified using clusteranalysis. One group, which was comprised of DDT and ToL measures, described the level of impulsivity during the decision-making process. The second group included Stroop task and CPT-IP measures and expressed the level of response inhibition and interference control. In addition, the model of interaction between measuresof impulsivity and clinical characteristics of patients was developed. The self-report measure of inattention and hyperactivity had significant effect on the level of craving and the duration of remission. No significant relationships were observed between DDT clinical characteristics. Keywords: impulsivity, alcohol use disorder, delay discounting, stroop task, Tower of London, CPT-IP, craving, ASR

FORMING A POSITIVE IMAGE OF A SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION IN THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

Objective: to determine, study and systematize methods of forming and maintaining an attractive brand of a Humanities research organizations under the present conditions in Russia.Methods: abstract-logical.Results: the article analyzes the value of information on scientific research results and the mechanisms of its propagation under the conditions of reducing the financing of scientific organizations. The problem is establishing relationships of Humanities research organizations with potential users. It is shown that the solution to this problem may be found in the formation of a positive image of a research organization in the form of a brand that can ensure effective dissemination of information about the achievements of the research organizations and possible ways of their commercial applications in the practical work of production and educational institutions.The article studies the approaches to definition of a research organization brand, including the notions of authority and reputation; based on them, the author’s approach to this term is formulated. It is shown that a significant role in the formation of the brand is played by infocommunicational environment, which is a necessary condition for the formation of the positive image of a research organization. The concept of target audience of a research organization is defined; its segmentation is carried out into several groups according to types of interaction, types of cooperation and the expected results of partnership. The ways are identified to attract attention of the target audience, as well as the principles of interaction with other research organizations and potential consumers of research results. Recommendations on brand development of a research organization are formulated, on the basis of temporal and spatial approach.Scientific novelty: the paper for the first time presents the structure of the target audience of the brand of a research organization in sociological and humanitarian sphere; modern tools are considered aimed at positioning research organizations in the scientific, business, and other environments.Practical significance: the obtained results can be applied in the practical work of research organizations functioning under the conditions of significant reduction of state support, for the search of additional sources of research funding in the long term

Полиморфизм локуса ВМР-15 у овец романовской породы в условиях Западной Сибири

Currently, selective selection takes into account gene polymorphisms associated not only with multiple pregnancies (growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9), bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-IB), etc.) but also with milk parameters (β-lactoglobulin (β-lg), αS1-casein) and meat (myostatin (MSTN), calpastatin (CAST), calpain (CAPN1)) productivity. Thus, genes associated with the transforming growth factor began to be monitored to improve reproductive performance in sheep breeding: BMP-15, GDF-9, and BMPR-IB. Genetic markers related to animal reproduction are exciting, with several productive indicators and other evaluation criteria that have not been previously studied. Work on the relationship of animal gene inheritance with biochemical, haematological, environmental and zootechnical indicators is particularly relevant. In this paper, we consider genotypic variability in Romanov sheep for the BMP-15 gene locus, which belongs to the genes of the β-growth factor family. The distribution of genotypes in sheep of the Romanov breed in the conditions of Western Siberia was as follows: for ewes, the frequencies of genotypes WW–25%, WM–75, and MM–0%; for sheep - 0, 80 and 20%, respectively. All three genotypes (WW, WM, and MM) were identified in the studied sheep. The results differ from the data obtained in several other works on foreign sheep breeds (short-tailed sheep Khan, Awassi, Barki, Ossimi, Rahmani, etc.). It is interesting to study the BMP-15 locus further to establish its associations with biochemical and haematological parameters and the hormonal status of sheep.В настоящее время в селективном отборе учитываются полиморфизмы генов, связанных не только с многоплодием (фактор дифференциации роста 9 (GDF-9), рецептор костного морфогенетического белка (BMPR-IB) и др.), но и с показателями молочной (β-лактоглобулин (β-lg), αS1-казеин) и мясной (миостатин (MSTN), кальпастатин (CAST), кальпаин (CAPN1)) продуктивности. Так, в овцеводстве с целью улучшения репродуктивных показателей стали отслеживаться гены, связанные с трансформирующим фактором роста: BMP-15, GDF-9, BMPR-IB. Особый интерес представляют генетические маркеры, ассоциированные с воспроизводством животных, с рядом продуктивных показателей и другими критериями оценки, по которым ранее исследования не велись. Работы по изучению взаимосвязей генетического наследования у животных с биохимическими, гематологическими, экологическими и зоотехническими показателями в настоящее время являются особо актуальными. В данной работе рассматривается генотипическая изменчивость у овец романовской породы по локусу гена BMP-15, относящемуся к генам семейства ß-факторов роста. Распределение генотипов у овец романовской породы в условиях Западной Сибири составило: для овцематок частоты генотипов WW – 25%, WM – 75 и MM – 0%; для баранов – 0, 80 и 20% соответственно. У исследуемых овец были идентифицированы все три генотипа (WW, WM и MM). Результаты отличаются от данных, полученных в ряде других работ по зарубежным породам овец (короткохвостые овцы хан, авасси, барки, оссими, рахмани и др.). Представляет интерес дальнейшее изучение локуса BMP-15 для установления его ассоциаций с биохимическими, гематологическими показателями и гормональным статусом овец

Time- and dose dependent actions of cardiotonic steroids on transcriptome and intracellular content of Na+ and K+: a comparative analysis

Recent studies demonstrated that in addition to Na+,K+-ATPase inhibition cardiotonic steroids (CTSs) affect diverse intracellular signaling pathways. This study examines the relative impact of [Na+]i/[K+]i-mediated and -independent signaling in transcriptomic changes triggered by the endogenous CTSs ouabain and marinobufagenin (MBG) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). We noted that prolongation of incubation increased the apparent affinity for ouabain estimated by the loss of [K+]i and gain of [Na+]i. Six hour exposure of HUVEC to 100 and 3,000 nM ouabain resulted in elevation of the [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio by ~15 and 80-fold and differential expression of 258 and 2185 transcripts, respectively. Neither [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio nor transcriptome were affected by 6-h incubation with 30 nM ouabain. The 96-h incubation with 3 nM ouabain or 30 nM MBG elevated the [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio by ~14 and 3-fold and led to differential expression of 880 and 484 transcripts, respectively. These parameters were not changed after 96-h incubation with 1 nM ouabain or 10 nM MBG. Thus, our results demonstrate that elevation of the [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio is an obligatory step for transcriptomic changes evoked by CTS in HUVEC. The molecular origin of upstream [Na+]i/[K+]i sensors involved in transcription regulation should be identified in forthcoming studies

Characterization of Bacillus cereus dissociants

The autoregulation of the phenotypic (populational) variability of the Bacillus cereus strain 504 was studied. The isolated colonial morphotypes of this bacterium were found to differ in their growth characteristics and the synthesis of extracellular proteases. The phenotypic variabilities of vegetative proliferating cells and those germinated from endospores and cystlike refractory cells were different. Bacterial variants also differed in the production of the d 1 and d 2 factors (the autoinducers of anabiosis and autolysis, respectively) and sensitivity to them. The possible role of these factors in the dissociation of microorganisms is discussed. © 2001 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica"

Characterization of bacillus cereus dissociants

The autoregulation of the phenotypic (populational) variability of the Bacillus cereus strain 504 was studied. The isolated colonial morphotypes of this bacterium were found to differ in their growth characteristics and the synthesis of extracellular proteases. The phenotypic variabilities of vegetative proliferating cells and those germinated from endospores and cystlike refractory cells were different. Bacterial variants also differed in the production of the dt and d2 factors (the autoinducers of dormancy and autolysis, respectively) and sensitivity to them. The possible role of these factors in the dissociation of microorganisms is discussed

Characterization of Bacillus cereus dissociants

The autoregulation of the phenotypic (populational) variability of the Bacillus cereus strain 504 was studied. The isolated colonial morphotypes of this bacterium were found to differ in their growth characteristics and the synthesis of extracellular proteases. The phenotypic variabilities of vegetative proliferating cells and those germinated from endospores and cystlike refractory cells were different. Bacterial variants also differed in the production of the d 1 and d 2 factors (the autoinducers of anabiosis and autolysis, respectively) and sensitivity to them. The possible role of these factors in the dissociation of microorganisms is discussed. © 2001 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica"

Influence of Inhibition of the Response on the Direction of the Shift of Attention in Persons with Alcohol Dependence

The study aims to assess relationships of direction, specificity of attentional bias (towards alcohol-related and emotional stimuli) and response inhibition function in individuals with alcohol use disorder.The results of the modified Stroop test with emotional and alcohol-associated stimuli and the long-term maintenance of visual attention test using a generalized linear model with mixed effects are analyzed. Results show double-sided change of attentional bias towards alcohol-related and emotional stimuli depending on the response inhibition level in patient with alcohol use disorder. The data correspond to the dual model of addiction and to the opinion that attentional bias mechanism is unique for emotional and alcohol-related stimuli.Изучается специфика сдвига внимания на алкоголь-ассоциированные и эмоциональные стимулы в зависимости от торможения ответа у лиц с алкогольной зависимостью. Анализируются результаты модифицированного теста Струпа c эмоциональными и алкоголь-ассоциированными стимулами и теста длительного поддержания зрительного внимания с использованием обобщенной линейной модели со смешанными эффектами. Результаты отражают двухстороннее изменение сдвига внимания при обработке связанных с алкоголем и эмоциональных стимулов в зависимости от уровня торможения ответа у лиц с алкогольной зависимостью. Полученные результаты соответствует концепции двойных процессов, представлениям о единых механизмах сдвига внимания на эмоциональные и алкоголь-ассоциированные стимулы.Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта РФФИ, проект № 18-013-01237

Влияние мутаций в гене FGF-5 на показатели шерсти у овец (обзор)

The effect of mutations in the FGF-5 gene on the wool productivity of sheep is considered. The conservation and rational use of the sheep gene pool is a very pressing problem for the development of sheep breeding in modern conditions. Thanks to the widespread use of methods for searching for genome-wide associations, the list of candidate genes for sheep productivity indicators is annually replenished. After identifying a new candidate gene, further work is aimed at a detailed study of its polymorphism and the search for mutations associated with gene expression and economically beneficial animal traits. A promising candidate for the quality indicators of sheep's wool is the hair growth regulator gene FGF-5 (fibroblast growth factor 5). FGF-5 plays a vital role in regulating the hair growth cycle during the development of mammalian hair follicles and skeletal muscle development. Haiyu Zhao et al. conducted a study of FGF-5 gene variation in the SG and SGG sheep populations, according to which ten putative SNPs were identified in the FGF-5 gene, and only five of them could be genotyped (SNPs 1-5). These SNPs are intronic mutations located in the first intron of the ovine FGF-5 gene. It was found that the frequencies of homozygous wild alleles at SNP1, SNP2, SNP3 and SNP5 were higher than those of the mutant alleles, except at the SNP4 locus. This study suggests that the presence of polymorphisms in the FGF-5 gene may affect hair growth in sheep and that hair growth may be enhanced by altering the expression of the FGF5 gene.Рассмотрено влияние мутаций в гене FGF-5 на показатели шерстной продуктивности овец. Сохранение и рациональное использование генофонда овец является весьма актуальной проблемой развития овцеводства в современных условиях. Именно благодаря широкому распространению методов поиска полногеномных ассоциаций ежегодно пополняется список генов-кандидатов для показателей продуктивности овец. После определения нового гена-кандидата дальнейшая работа направлена на подробное изучение его полиморфизма и поиск мутаций, ассоциированных с экспрессией гена и хозяйственно полезными признаками животных. Перспективным кандидатом для качественных показателей шерсти овец является ген регулятора роста волос FGF-5 (фактор роста фибробластов 5). FGF-5 играет важную роль в регуляции цикла роста волос во время развития волосяных фолликулов млекопитающих, а также в развитии скелетных мышц. Haiyu Zhao et al. провели исследование вариации гена FGF-5 в популяциях овец SG и SGG, согласно которым, в гене FGF-5 было идентифицировано 10 предполагаемых SNP, и только пять из них можно было генотипировать (SNP 1-5). Данные SNP представляют собой интронные мутации, расположенные в первом интроне гена FGF-5 овец. Было выявлено, что частоты гомозиготных диких аллелей в SNP1, SNP2, SNP3 и SNP5 были выше, чем у мутантных аллелей, кроме локуса SNP4. Приведенное исследование свидетельствует о том, что присутствие полиморфизмов в гене FGF-5 может влиять на рост волос у овец, кроме того, рост волос может быть повышен путем изменения экспрессии гена FGF-5

Содержание и изменчивость показателей азотистого обмена у крупного рогатого скота голштинской породы в условиях Западной Сибири

It is necessary to assess the state of nitrogen metabolism to deepen control over the usefulness of feeding cattle and ensure prompt response to nutritional imbalances and diet adjustments. Nitrogen balance is a key indicator of cattle metabolism. The authors presented the results of determining the content and variability of indicators of nitrogen metabolism in Holstein cattle in Western Siberia. The object of the study was the bulls of the Holstein breed, obtained from four sires in the conditions of industrial livestock enterprises in the West Siberian region. The authors also studied the main indicators of protein and non-protein nitrogen metabolism (using Vector-Best reagent kits): total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, and uric acid. It was found that the indicators of total protein, albumin, globulins, urea, and uric acid were within the generally accepted boundaries of the physiological norm for cattle. However, the albumin-globulin coefficient was below the norm, and the creatinine level was above the physiological norm. The content of urea and creatinine and the albuminglobulin coefficient were characterized by the highest rates of variability, which indicates the heterogeneity of this population sample of Holstein cattle in terms of the peculiarities of the course of protein metabolism. The authors did not reveal statistically significant intergroup differences in the content of total protein (p = 0.67), albumin (p = 0.23), globulins (p = 0.87), albumin-globulin coefficient (p = 0.96) and urinary acids (p = 0.31) using the Kruskal-Wallis test. However, the authors established the influence of the father on the level of urea (p = 0.049) and creatinine (p = 0.042) in the blood serum of the offspring. The analysis of the protein gram and the level of uric acid in the blood serum of the offspring did not reveal significant differences in the influence of the father while differences were established in the level of end products of protein metabolism - urea and creatinine.Для углубления контроля над полноценностью кормления крупного рогатого скота и обеспечения оперативности реагирования на питательные дисбалансы и корректировки рационов следует оценивать состояние азотистого обмена. Баланс азота – это ключевой показатель обмена веществ у крупного рогатого скота. Изложены результаты определения содержания и изменчивости показателей азотистого обмена крупного рогатого скота голштинской породы в условиях Западной Сибири. Объектом исследования выступили бычки голштинской породы, полученные от четырех быков-производителей в условиях промышленных животноводческих предприятий на территории Западно-Сибирского региона. Изучены основные показатели белкового и небелкового азотистого обмена (с помощью наборов реагентов «ВекторБест»): общий белок, альбумин, глобулин, мочевина, креатинин, мочевая кислота. Установлено, что показатели общего белка, альбуминов, глобулинов, мочевины и мочевой кислоты находились в общепринятых границах физиологической нормы для крупного рогатого скота. Однако альбумин-глобулиновый коэффициент был ниже нормы, а уровень креатинина – выше физиологической нормы. Содержание мочевины и креатинина и альбумин-глобулиновый коэффициент характеризовались наиболее высокими показателями изменчивости, что говорит о неоднородности данной популяционной выборки голштинского скота по особенностям протекания белкового обмена. С помощью критерия Краскела-Уоллиса не было выявлено статистически значимых межгрупповых различий по содержанию общего белка (р = 0,67), альбумина (р = 0,23), глобулинов (р = 0,87), альбумин-глобулинового коэффициента (р = 0,96) и мочевой кислоты (р = 0,31), однако установлено влияние отца на уровень мочевины (р = 0,049) и креатинина (р = 0,042) в сыворотке крови потомков. Проведенный анализ протеинограммы и уровня мочевой кислоты сыворотки крови потомков не выявил достоверных различий влияния отца, при этом установлены различия по уровню конечных продуктов белкового обмена – мочевины и креатинина