Additional file 3: of Leisure time physical activity and the risk of hip or knee replacement due to primary osteoarthritis: a population based cohort study (The HUNT Study)

Risk of hip replacement (THR) after excluding participants with OA at baseline (n = 5244). Description of data: Results of separate sensitivity analyses. (PDF 298 kb

Baseline characteristics of the study participants according to smoking status and gender.

<p>Baseline characteristics of the study participants according to smoking status and gender.</p

The short meeting with children in healthcare : A literature review on nurses experiences

Inledning: Den största anledningen till att barn kommer i kontakt med sjukvården är på grund av misstänkt fraktur, vilket innebär att röntgensjuksköterskor ofta möter barn i det dagliga arbetet på röntgenavdelningen. Trots det är dessa sällan utbildade i bemötande av barn, eller inom pediatrisk bildtagning. Vuxna som inte är vana vid att hantera barn kan känna viss tveksamhet eller rädsla inför att vårda ett barn. För att kunna förbättra mötet med barn är det viktigt att veta vilka känslor sjukvårdpersonal känner i mötet, och varför. Syfte: att beskriva vilka upplevelser sjukvårdpersonal känner i mötet med barn. Metod: Studien utfördes som en litteraturöversikt med 10 artiklar som granskades med en induktiv kvalitativ innehållsanalys. De 10 artiklarna var av kvalitativ ansats och intervjuade sjukvårdspersonal som bestod av ambulanspersonal, akutsjuksköterskor, allmänsjuksköterskor och radioterapeuter. Resultat: Fyra kategorier; bemötande, hanterbarhet, tiden har betydelse och föräldrar. Dessa beskriver i vilka situationer sjukvårdspersonal upplever både negativa och positiva känslor i mötet med barn. Slutsats: att identifiera vilka känslor som uppstår är grunden för fortsatta studier för att förbättra arbetsmiljön för såväl röntgensjuksköterskor som övrig sjukvårdspersonal.

Total, direct, and indirect effects of smoking on the risk of hip replacement (THR) by smoking status, adjusted for age, work status, physical activity and education.

<p>Total, direct, and indirect effects of smoking on the risk of hip replacement (THR) by smoking status, adjusted for age, work status, physical activity and education.</p

Total, direct, and indirect effects of smoking on the risk of knee replacement (TKR) by smoking status, adjusted for age, work status, physical activity and education.

<p>Total, direct, and indirect effects of smoking on the risk of knee replacement (TKR) by smoking status, adjusted for age, work status, physical activity and education.</p

The mediating effect of body mass index on the relationship between smoking and hip or knee replacement due to primary osteoarthritis. A population-based cohort study (the HUNT Study)

<div><p>To investigate the total effect of smoking on total hip or knee replacement (THR/TKR) due to primary osteoarthritis (OA) and to quantify the indirect effect of smoking through body mass index (BMI). Participants from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (the HUNT Study) were linked to the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register to detect the first THR or TKR due to primary OA. A mediation analysis was used to decompose the total effect of smoking into a direct and indirect effect. BMI was considered a mediator in the analysis. All effects were estimated as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The indirect effect of smoking mediated through BMI was expressed as a percentage (proportion*100). In total 55 188 participants were followed up during 17.2 years (median). We identified 1322 THRs and 754 TKRs. For men, the total effect of current vs. never smoking revealed a decreased risk of THR (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46–0.76) and TKR (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.32–0.66). For women, current smoking increased the risk of THR (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.11–1.60). For men, 6% and 7% of the risk reduction for THR and TKR, respectively, was mediated by BMI. We found a negative association between smoking and THR or TKR for men. On the contrary, smoking was associated with increased risk of THR for women. Most of the effect of smoking on joint replacement risk remained unexplained by BMI.</p></div

Risk of bias assessment.

<p>Risk of bias assessment.</p

Discography studies–pooled results.

<p>Discography studies–pooled results.</p

The association between Modic changes and LBP.

<p>The association between Modic changes and LBP.</p

The association between Modic changes and activity limitation.

<p>The association between Modic changes and activity limitation.</p