LA DETERMINACIÓN DEL “ELEMENTO HISTÓRICO Y MORAL” DEL VALOR DE LA FUERZA DE TRABAJO

El objetivo de este artículo es discutir la interpretación marxista dominante respecto del significado de lo que Marx llamó el “elemento histórico y moral” del valor de la fuerza de trabajo y ofrecer una lectura alternativa que sea consistente con los fundamentos de la crítica marxiana de la economía política. Para tal fin, en la primera parte del artículo, se realiza una crítica de dicha interpretación basada en el reconocimiento de su génesis histórica y su filiación con la base textual y fundamentos de la crítica marxiana de la economía política. En la segunda parte, se realiza una reconstrucción crítica del legado de Marx respecto a la determinación del valor de la fuerza de trabajo y se presenta una resignificación del elemento histórico y moral en cuestión. A DETERMINAÇÃO DO “ELEMENTO HISTÓRICO E MORAL” DO VALOR DA FORÇA DE TRABALHOO objetivo deste artigo é discutir a interpretação marxista dominante sobre o significado do que Marx chamou de “elemento histórico e moral” do valor da força de trabalho e oferecer uma leitura alternativa atrelada aos fundamentos da crítica marxiana da economia política. Para tanto, na primeira parte do artigo, realizamos uma crítica da interpretação acima citada, baseada no reconhecimento de sua gênese histórica e sua filiação com a base textual e com os fundamentos da crítica marxiana da economia política. Na segunda parte, realizamos uma reconstrução crítica do legado de Marx quanto à determinação do valor da força de trabalho e apresentamos uma ressignificação do elemento histórico e moral em questão.Palavras-chave: Elemento histórico e moral. Valor da força de trabalho. Debates marxistas. Teoria marxista do salário.THE DETERMINATION OF THE “HISTORIC AND MORAL ELEMENT” OF THE VALUE OF LABOUR POWERThe aim of this article is to challenge the prevailing Marxist interpretation of what Marx called the “historical and moral component” of the value of labour-power, and to offer an alternative reading which is consistent with the foundations of the critique of political economy. In order to do so, the first part of the article develops a critique of the aforementioned Marxist view, on the basis of a reconstruction of its historical genesis, its support on textual evidence from Marx’s works and its theoretical consistency with the foundations of the critique of political economy. Subsequently, the second part of the article undertakes a critical reconstruction of Marx’s legacy on the determination of the value of labour-power and proposes a reconsideration of the meaning of its socalled “historical and moral” component.Keywords: Historical and moral element. Value of labour-power. Marxist debates. Marx’s theory of wages.LA DÉTERMINATION DE L “ÉLÉMENT HISTORIQUE ET MORAL” DE LA VALEUR DE LA FORCE DE TRAVAILL’objectif de cet article est de discuter de l’interprétation marxiste dominante de ce que Marx appelait “l’élément historique et moral” de la valeur de la force de travail et d’offrir une lecture alternative liée aux fondements de la critique marxienne de l’économie politique. Pour ce faire, dans la première partie de l’article nous critiquons l’interprétation susmentionnée, fondée sur la reconnaissance de sa genèse historique et son affiliation à la base textuelle et aux fondements de la critique marxienne de l’économie politique. Dans la deuxième partie, nous effectuons une reconstruction critique de l’héritage de Marx concernant la détermination de la valeur de la force de travail et nous y présentons une nouvelle signification de l’élément historique et moral en question.Mots-clés: Elément historique et moral. Valeur de la force de travail. Débats marxistes. Théorie marxiste du salaire

Regression testing process improvement for specification evolution of real-world protocol software

Model-based testing helps test engineers automate their testing tasks so that they can be more cost-effective. When the model is changed due to the evolution of the specification, it is important to maintain the test suites up to date for regression testing. A complete regeneration of the whole test suite from the new model, although inefficient, is still frequently used in practice. To handle specification evolution effectively, we propose a test case reusability analysis technique to identify reusable test cases of the original test suite based on graph analysis, so that we can generate new test cases to cover only the change-related parts of the new model. Our experiment on four large protocol document testing projects shows that the technique can significantly reduce regression testing time when compared with complete regeneration of the test suites. © 2010 IEEE.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Model-based quality assurance of windows protocol documentation

Microsoft is producing high-quality documentation for Windows client-server and server-server protocols. Our group in the Windows organization is responsible for verifying the documentation to ensure it is of the highest quality. We are applying various test-driven methods including, when appropriate, a model-based approach. This paper describes certain aspects of the quality assurance process we put in place, and specifically focuses on model-based testing (MBT). Our experiences so far confirm that MBT works and that it scales, provided it is accompanied by sound tool support and clear methodological guidance. 1

Vintime: Combining high-level finesse with low-level muscle to verify real-time systems

Abstract. In this work we present the VInTiMe (Verifier of INtegrated TImed ModEls) suite of tools that combines high-level expressive power, unassisted property-preserving model-reduction and low-level distributed model checking power to describe and verify complex Real-Time Systems designs and their properties

Where is the study of WORK in critical IPE?

The British school of International Political Economy (IPE) has been highly innovative in encouraging inter-disciplinary work, and allows eclecticism of research and investigation, which is quite distinct in contrast to its American counterpart. Critical theorists in the British school of IPE in particular have been highly prolific in recent years and adept in introducing research on a wide range of contemporary issues in the global political economy. However, this school tends to overlook very important areas of analysis: work and employment. In order to promulgate a potentially blossoming field of critical work into genuine integration across IPE and industrial relations, we must remember our ancestors. Labour process theorists Braverman and Burowoy; heterodox economics and industrial relations research and the French Regulation School; varieties and models of capitalism; neo-Gramscian researchers; as well as a range of sociological and comparative politics methodologies have been incorporated, but more can be done. This article argues that researchers from seemingly autonomous fields can teach us a lesson within critical IPE: inter-disciplinarity is not a fantasy. The analysis, as one example, of exactly how governmental policy idealises a particular subjectivity wherein workers are not employed, but are employable, in the context of what Gramsci named a passive revolution, is a research project (Moore 2010) that begins to combine what have historically been disparate literatures. Not only can this kind of research enhance existing research in critical IPE, it must be continued, to address the needs of humanity in the increasingly unstable and flexibilised world of work